Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing vinyl halide homopolymers and copolymers that are suitable for use in clear solutions. The process comprises reacting vinyl halide and optional co-monomers in the presence of an aqueous medium containing a suspending agent, and treating the resulting resin particles with an acidic material. The resins resulting from the process of the invention have improved solution and film properties. When the resin is dissolved in a suitable solvent, the resulting solution has improved clarity, that is, a reduction of haze in the solution phase. When the solution is coated on a substrate and the solvent evaporated, either to provide a coated substrate or a cast film, the resulting films have improved clarity, that is, a reduction in haze in the film. The films and coatings have improved gloss as a result of reduction of seed particles in the film. Fibers produced from the resin solutions have improved integrity and strength.

Abstract: Magnetic polymer particles prepared by treating compact or porous polymer particles with a solution of iron salts and, if desired, salts of other metals which are capable of forming magnetic ferrites, in which the solution swells or penetrates into the particles. Iron hydroxide and possible other metal hydroxides are precipitated, for instance by raising the pH value, and the particles are optionally heated. In the iron salts used the ratio between di- and trivalent iron is suitably such that magnetic iron oxide is formed directly. It is also possible to use oxidizing or reducing groups or additives to obtain such a ratio. When other metal salts are used in addition to iron salts, the operation is carried out in the same manner. For instance, when Mn.sup.++, Co.sup.++ or Ni.sup.++ salts are used in addition to Fe.sup.++ salts, the divalent iron is oxidized to trivalent so that magnetic ferrite is obtained. The polymer particles which are treated with metal salts preferably contain metal-binding groups.

Abstract: Device and process for introducing a powder with catalytic activity into a fluidized bed polymerization reactor (1), the said device comprising:a storage enclosure (2) for powder with catalytic activity, provided with a feed line (3) for powder with catalytic activity and a shut-off valve (26), this enclosure being connected to a metering device (4) making it possible to deliver periodically a given volume of powder with catalytic activity,an intermediate chamber (5), placed below the metering device to receive direct the powder delivered by the latter, this intermediate chamber comprising in its upper part a tube (6) bringing in an inert carrier gas, provided with a shut-off valve,piping for conveying the powder (8) connecting the bottom part of the intermediate chamber to the fluidized-bed reactor, this piping having a portion which is more or less horizontal, the said powder conveying piping being provided with a full-bore rapid-opening valve (10).

Abstract: Finely divided, gel-like crosslinked polymers are prepared by a continuous method in which a monomer mixture which contains, per 100 parts by weight of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, from 50 to 100 mol % of which in each case are neutralized, acrylamide, methacrylamide or N-vinylpyrrolidone, from 0 to 30 parts by weight of other water-soluble monoethylenically unsaturated monomers and from 0 to 20 parts by weight of water-insoluble monoethylenically unsaturated monomers is copolymerized with from 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent, in 20-65% strength by weight aqueous solution in the presence of an initiator at from 45.degree. to 95.degree. C.

Abstract: High strength, substantially linear, highly crystalline, high molecular weight-polyolefin shaped structure having a tenacity of greater than 15 g/den and an initial modulus of greater than 500 g/den by drawing never-processed polyolefin at a temperature of 60.degree. C. to 145.degree. C.; and processes for making never-processed polyolefin and such shaped structures.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing coagulated colloidal particles with close-packed structure which comprises;(A) adding a coagulant to aqueous colloidal particles at a temperature lower than softening temperature of the colloidal particles under such conditions that said coagulant will be present in discrete units in the dispersion before it is brought into solution by diffusion;(B) allowing the molecules of coagulant to gradually diffuse from said coagulant units into the surrounding dispersion, thereby coagulating the colloidal particles on the surface of each coagulant unit, causing the coagulated particles to grow from inside to outside of each unit, and producing coagulated particles of desired size with regularly packed structure;(C) separating the coagulated particles thus formed from the dispersion; and(D) drying, or heating in an aqueous phase, the coagulated particles separated above at a temperature lower than the softening point of said colloidal particles.

Abstract: A decorative emblem is formed by insertion of a decorative foil shape into a preformed bezel and encapsulating and bonding the foil to the bezel with a fluent, curable plastic material. After an initial casting of a measured amount of plastic onto the base of the bezel, the foil is inserted and seated. A second cast of plastic forms a cap contiguous with the sides of the bezel and encapsulates the foil and bonds it within the bezel. Upon curing, the plastic cap gives a lens effect to the decorative emblem. The emblem may be equipped with attachment means for fastening it to an automobile, appliance, or other object. In alternative embodiments, a decorative foil shape is placed directly onto the base of the bezel, and a fluent, curable plastic material is cast thereon. As the plastic material cures, it migrates around the edges and under the foil to at least partially encapsulate the foil and bond it within the bezel.

Abstract: A novel process for providing a thermoplastic polymer having unique thermal characteristics including the step of cooling the polymer during extended mastication until the melt index of the polymer is substantially increased.

Abstract: This invention provides an improvement in anionic polymerization processes which comprise both a batch polymerization step to form and partially grow living polymer chains and a subsequent continuous or semi-continuous step in which growth of the chains is continued. For purposes of this improvement, the transition to the continuous or semi-continuous step takes place before the molar concentration of monomer in the batch polymerization step is depleted to a level below that of the living chains. Anionic polymerization processes are recognized as particularly useful for the production of polymers having narrow molecular weight distributions. Practice under the invention is found to enhance the narrow distribution of the polymer product by controlling thermal die-out of chains which has occurred in conventional processes during the transition from batch to continuous or semi-continuous polymerization steps.

Abstract: The invention relates to highly filterable polyvinyl polypyrrolidone particles and to the process for improving filterability of standard polyvinyl polypyrrolidone granules, wet cakes and slurries which comprises heating granular polyvinyl polypyrrolidone, containing a minor amount of non-crosslinked and/or unsaturated sites while maintaining between 1 wt. % and 20 wt. % moisture at a temperature of between about 50.degree. C. and about 250.degree. C. under a pressure of from about 5 psig. to about 200 psig. and collecting product having an average particle size distribution between about 40 and 400 mesh, a non-volatile water solubles (NVWS) content less than 2% and a filter flow rate greater than 95.

Abstract: In a copolymerization process of propylene, a mixture of unreacted propylene and ethylene is recovered. It is then fed to a distillation system which includes first and second distillation columns. The distillation system is operated in such a way that the temperature and pressure of the top of the second distillation column remain constant and an ethylene-propylene mixture can be recovered at a constant ethylene/propylene ratio from the top of the second distillation column. By using the thus-recovered ethylene-propylene mixture, the copolymerization reaction can be carried out under excellent control so that the ethylene-propylene copolymer can be obtained with uniform quality and properties.

Abstract: An ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder easily soluble in organic solvents and suitable for use in the preparation of fibers or films having a high strength and a high elastic modulus, said polyethylene powder having an intrinsic viscosity in the range of 5 to 30 dl/g in decalin at 135.degree. C. and being obtained by at least two-step polymerization reactions which are:a first step of polymerizing ethylene in the absence of hydrogen or at a reduced hydrogen concentration, using a catalyst containing a solid catalyst component and an organometallic compound, said solid catalyst component containing at least magnesium and titanium and/or vanadium, to produce 50-99.5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of a final polyethylene product, of polyethylene having an intrinsic viscosity of 12 to 32 dl/g in decalin at 135.degree. C.; anda second step of polymerizing ethylene at a higher hydrogen concentration that in said first step to produce 50-0.5 parts by weight of polyethylene.

Abstract: A method for removing unpolymerized gaseous monomers from a solid olefin polymer in a single purge vessel while deactivating Ziegler-Natta catalysts and organometallic catalyst residues present in said solid olefin polymer by utilizing a two diameter purge vessel wherein hydrolysis of the catalysts are effected in the portion of the reactor having the smaller diameter with the gaseous monomers being removed in the larger diameter portion.

Abstract: A process for production of a vinyl polymer by suspension polymerization or emulsion polymerization of at least one kind of vinyl monomer in an aqueous medium is disclosed.In this process, the polymerization is carried out in a polymerizer, the inner wall surface and portions of the auxiliary equipment thereof which may come into contact with the monomer during polymerization having a surface roughness of not greater than 5 .mu.m and being previously coated with a scaling preventive comprising at least one selected from dyes, pigments and aromatic or heterocyclic compounds having at least 5 conjugated .pi. bonds. According to this process, scaling on the inner wall surface of a polymerizer, etc. during polymerization can be prevented effectively and surely.

Abstract: This process is a process for production of a vinyl chloride polymer by suspension polymerization or emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer or a mixture of vinyl chloride monomer with a vinyl monomer copolymerizable with said vinyl chloride monomer in an aqueous medium, characterized in that the polymerization is carried out in a polymerizer, the inner wall surface and portions of the auxiliary equipment thereof which may come into contact with the monomer during polymerization being previously coated with a scaling preventive comprising at least one selected from dyes, pigments and aromatic or heterocyclic compounds having at least 5 conjugated .pi. bonds, while controlling the chloride ion concentration in the reaction mixture to not higher than 100 ppm. According to said process, scaling onto the inner wall surface of a polymerizer, etc. during polymerization can be prevented effectively and surely.

Abstract: Amorphous ethylene/alphaolefin copolymer (optionally additionally containing nonconjugated polyene) is purified by contacting a reaction mass comprising such polymer and live, soluble polymerization catalyst composition with an effective amount of a liquid wash solution comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of ethane, propane, butane, isobutane, neopentane, propylene, 1-butene 2-butene and isobutene.

Abstract: A reflux condenser attracts attention from the standpoints of improvement in productivity by increase in cooling capacity as well as saving in energy, and recently, it is frequently employed in particularly large-sized polymerization reactors. But, the well-known cooling method has a problem that the overall heat transfer coefficient of condensers lowers with the progress of polymerization to result in the reduction of heat-removing capacity and reduction of the stability of polymerization temperature control. In order to solve the above problems, in the present invention the temperature is controlled with the heat amount removed by the condenser as a control variable, coupled with intermittent purge of a part of the unreacted monomer from the reflux condenser.

Abstract: An osmotic delivery system is disclosed for delivering a useful agent at a controlled and constant rate modulated by a pulsed delivery of the useful agent to an environment of use.

Abstract: It has been found that substituted hydroquinones function as a shortstop agent in the polymerization of vinyl monomers. The substituted hydroquinones have the formula: ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## wherein p is 1 or 2 and q is 0 or 1; provided that p+q=1 or 2. The groups R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, Z and W are defined hereafter.The compounds 2,5-di-t-amylhydroquinone and 2,5-di-t-butylhydroquinone are particularly desirable as shortstop agents in the polymerization of vinyl chloride.

Abstract: An improved process for the anionic polymerization of alpha-methylstyrene polymers employs an organolithium initiator and a sodium-, potassium-, rubidium- or cesium initiator activator compound.