Abstract: A method for destroying cyst of noxious plankton, which comprises mixing in ballast water hydrogen peroxide or a compound producing the same and maintaining an effective concentration thereof for destroying cyst of noxious plankton.

Abstract: Esters of acyl L-carnitine with gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, both as pharmacologically acceptable salts of formula (1) ##STR1## and as inner salts of formula (1') ##STR2## wherein X.sup.- is the anion of a pharmacologically acceptable acid and R is a straight or branched acyl group having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, are used for producing pharmaceutical compositions effective for treating hepatopathies.

Abstract: An antiobesity and fat-reducing composition and method of treating obesity in an animal, including human, in need of such treatment as well as a feed composition for an animal which employs certain naturally occurring alkyl or alkenyl phenols having 15 to 17 carbon atoms in the alkyl or alkenyl group.

Abstract: An antimicrobial, low toxicity blend composition of several bis-quaternary ammonium compounds of defined structure, and in defined amounts of the composition, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, is described herein.

Abstract: A hair revitalizing agent including a compound represented by the formula shown below or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.10, R.sup.14 to R.sup.23, X, Y, and n are the same as defined in the present specification).

Abstract: A novel 1.alpha. (or 24R), 25-dihydroxy vitamin D.sub.3 amino acid derivative of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is OH or --O--CO--A--NH.sub.2, and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, OH and --O--CO--A--NH.sub.2 ; wherein one of R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is hydrogen, one of R.sub., R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is OH, and one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is --O--CO--A--NH.sub.2 ; and wherein A is C.sub.1-10 alkylene, is produced by removing a protective group for the amino group, e.g. 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl, in the presence of a base in an inert solvent. A radioisotope iodine-labeled residue is then attached to the amino group to produce a derivative useful in the assay of 1.alpha. (or 24R), 25-dihydroxy vitamin D.sub.3 in a specimen.

Abstract: Multiple copies of a foreign DNA I coding for the production of a protein may be introduced into eucaryotic cells by cotransforming suitable cells with foreign DNA I and with foreign DNA II which includes a functionally deficient, amplifiable gene coding for a selectable or identifiable trait, preferably carried on the same DNA molecule as a foreign DNA III, which includes a functional, amplifiable gene coding for another selectable or identifiable trait. The cotransformation is carried out under suitable conditions permitting selection or identification of cells expressing the gene on DNA I or that on DNA III, but not that on DNA II. The cotransformed cells so identified or selected are recovered and cloned under conditions where the functionally deficient gene on DNA II is expressed. Cells expressing the gene on DNA II are recovered. They contain multiple copies of DNA I. This method can be used to produce mRNA transcripts or protein products such as human and animal growth hormone, insulin and the like.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel methods for the extraction of nucleic acid. In particular methods are described for isolating nucleic acid from a sample containing a complex biological mixture of nucleic acid and non-nucleic acids wherein the sample is combined with an extraction solution comprising a lactam and then the nucleic acid material is isolated from the resulting combined solution. The resulting combined solution is mixed and becomes biphasic and the nucleic acid material is isolated from the aqueous phase by precipitation with ethanol. The lactam is preferably about 5 to about 70% of the extraction solution and is most preferably 2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-hydroxyethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-piperidone, 2-.epsilon.-caprolactam, N-methyl-2-caprolactam, 2-piperidone or N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)pyrrolidone. Methods for selectively isolating DNA, ribosomal RNA and plasmid DNA are also disclosed.

Abstract: N-phenyltetrahydrophthalimides of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or halogen, R.sup.2 is halogen and A is a substituent of the formula ##STR2## where X is oxygen or sulfur, n is zero or one, R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxycarbonyl or C.sub.1 -14 C.sub.3 -alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, mercapto, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylthio, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkenyloxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkenylthio, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkynyloxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkynylthio or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -acyloxy, or is hydroxyl or carboxyl or is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylthio-C.sub.1 - or C.sub.2 -alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy-C.sub.1 - or -C.sub.2 -alkyl which is substituted in the alkyl ether or thioehter moiety by C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxycarbonyl, R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, Z is methyleneoxymethylene, methylenethiomethylene or ethenylene (--CH.dbd.CH--) and R.sup.5 and R.sup.

Abstract: A treatment of infectious diseases and enhancement of genetic engineering processes is described comprising the use of external electromagnetic energy to alter electric and magnetic dipoles intracellularly.The process comprises introducing minute particles into the interior of cells in a host organism. These particles are capable of affecting the intracellular conductivity, dielectric properties, dipole content and membrane characteristics of the cell and nucleus. The particles are introduced intravenously, intra-arterially, and/or intra-lymphatically and the organism is then exposed to an alternating electromagnetic field to introduce energy into the cells.

Abstract: Indoloquinone compounds useful as cytostatic agents have formula (I), where R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are in each case, hydrogen, halogen, an alkyl group (which may be substituted), an alkoxy group or an aryloxy group, an alkylthio group or an arylthio group, a primary or secondary amino group, hydroxy group or an amino group; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group (which may be substituted), or a carbohydrate moiety; R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are in each case hydrogen, halogen, or an alkyl group; R.sub.8 is a group --CH.sub.2 X.sub.1, a group --CO.sub.2 --M.sup.+, where M.sup.+ is a metal ion; a group --CO.sub.2 R.sub.10, where R.sub.10 is hydrogen or an alkyl group (which may be substituted); a group --CONR'R", where R' and R" are hydrogen or alkyl groups (which may be substituted); R.sub.9 is a group --CR.sub.11 R.sub.12 X.sub.2, a group --CO.sub.2 --M.sup.+, where M.sup.+ is a metal ion; a group --CO.sub.2 R.sub.13, where R.sub.11, R.sub.12 and R.sub.

Abstract: The invention concerns a series of novel 2-amino-monomethoxycyclohexyl amides having analgesic and neuroprotective activity. The compounds bind selectivity to the kappa opioid receptor. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, methods of using them, and processes for preparing them are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel 2'-alkylidenepyrimidine nucleoside derivatives represented by formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an amino gorup or a hydroxy group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a lower alkyl group, R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom or a phosphate residue, or salts thereof.These novel compounds can be produced from uridine or cytidine derivatives by alkylidenating the 2'-position in the sugar moiety thereof with Wittig's reagent.Furthermore, the compounds have remarkable antiviral activities and therefore can provide novel antiviral agents.

Abstract: 3,4-Dihydro-2H-benzo[b]pyrans of the formula I ##STR1## are described, in which R.sup.1 is H, OH, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.2)-alkoxy, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.2)-alkyl or NR.sup.4 R.sup.5,R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 being identical or different and representing H, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.2)-alkyl or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3)-alkylcarbonyl,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are identical or different and are alkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms,Ar is an aromatic or heteroaromatic system which is unsubstituted or substituted,n is 1 or 2 andX is a (CH.sub.2).sub.r chain which can be interrupted by a heteroatom O, S or NR.sup.6, R.sup.6 being H or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl andr being one of the numbers 2, 3, 4 or 5.Processes for the preparation of these compounds, their use and pharmaceutical products based on these compounds are also described.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 is cyano or nitro;R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl; andR.sub.4 is alkyl; alkenyl; optionally substituted phenyl or phenyl lower alkyl; --(CH.sub.2).sub.m OR.sub.2 or --(CH.sub.2).sub.m N(R.sub.2).sub.2 ; wherein m is an integer of 1-5 and R.sub.2 is as defined above;or a pharmaceutically acceptable ester thereof; are smooth muscle relaxants, particularly useful in the treatment of hypertension.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substituted cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone derivatives and substituted cyclopentenone and cyclohexenone derivatives, which are useful as intermediates for pharmaceutical products and agricultural chemicals and especially useful for the synthesis of prostaglandins, and also to a process for producing the same.

Abstract: In a first embodiment this invention relates to a process for preparing a white product which principally contains a bisimide. The process comprises: providing tetrabromophthalic anhydride and a solvent in a reaction vessel; forming, at a temperature within the range of from about 140.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C., a reaction mass by adding a diamine, a diamine salt or a mixture thereof to the solution, the formation of the reaction mass resulting in the production of a bisimide precipitate which becomes a component of the reaction mass; terminating the addition of the diamine when the molar ratio of the tetrabromophthalic anhydride initially present in the solution to the diamine or diamine salt added is substantially stoichiometric; cooking the bisimide precipitate to increase the average sphericity of the particles making up the bisimide precipitate; and recovering from the reaction mass, as the bisimide product, the cooked precipitate.

Abstract: N,N'-dimethyl aromatic diamines are prepared from the corresponding diprimary amines via a two step synthesis forming first the corresponding di-succinylimidomethylamine and then reductively cleaving the succinylimido group. The products are useful, e.g., as epoxy curing agents.

Abstract: The photooxidation of N,N'-substituted thioureas with oxygen in the presence of an acid-trapping agent gives N,N'-substituted carbodiimides. The carbodiimides can be converted into cyanoguanidines, which are suitable as latent curing agents for epoxy resins.

Abstract: In a first embodiment this invention relates to a process for preparing a white product which principally contains a bisimide. The process comprises: providing tetrabromophthalic anhydride and a solvent in a reaction vessel; forming, at a temperature within the range of from about 140.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C., a reaction mass by adding a diamine, a diamine salt or a mixture thereof to the solution, the formation of the reaction mass resulting in the production of a bisimide precipitate which becomes a component of the reaction mass; terminating the addition of the diamine when the molar ratio of the tetrabromophthalic anhydride initially present in the solution to the diamine or diamine salt added is substantially stoichiometric; cooking the bisimide precipitate to increase the average sphericity of the particles making up the bisimide precipitate; and recovering from the reaction mass, as the bisimide product, the cooked precipitate.