Abstract: A pixel circuit of an X-ray sensor includes a photo diode, a first transistor, a second transistor and a third transistor. The photo diode is used to sense X-rays and to generate a corresponding electrical sensing signal. The first transistor is electrically connected with the photo diode to reset the electrical sensing signal. The second transistor is electrically connected with the photo diode to amplify the electrical sensing signal and to generate an amplified sensing signal. The third transistor is electrically connected with the second transistor to output the amplified sensing signal. The second transistor has a terminal electrically connected with a high voltage, and the first transistor has a terminal electrically connected with a calibration voltage. The high voltage and the calibration voltage are controlled separately.

Abstract: A target structure (T) made by lithography or used in lithography is inspected by irradiating the structure at least a first time with EUV radiation (304) generated by inverse Compton scattering. Radiation (308) scattered by the target structure in reflection or transmission is detected (312) and properties of the target structure are calculated by a processor (340) based on the detected scattered radiation. The radiation may have a first wavelength in the EUV range of 0.1 nm to 125 nm. Using the same source and controlling an electron energy, the structure may be irradiated multiple times with different wavelengths within the EUV range, and/or with shorter (x-ray) wavelengths and/or with longer (UV, visible) wavelengths. By rapid switching of electron energy in the inverse Compton scattering source, irradiation at different wavelengths can be performed several times per second.

Abstract: Provided is an active substrate that is capable of performing high-speed scanning for setting specific scan signal lines to be active at the same time. Each of the shift registers (4) in an N-th stage shift register in two shift register blocks (2 and 3) outputs an out signal in such a manner that neighboring scan signal lines (GLn and GLn+1) are active at the same time.

Abstract: A cassette having a transmission plate disposed on radiation exposure side and transmitting radiation, and a housing part disposed on opposite to the radiation exposure side, the cassette comprises a radiation detector that is disposed between the transmission plate and the housing part, in which material of the housing part contains 5 mass % or more and 25 mass % or less of lithium.

Abstract: Presented here is a system to record high-resolution infrared images without the need to include additional stand-alone sensors into the mobile device. According to one embodiment, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display is modified to emit IR and near-IR light in a large field. The modified display allows for depth sensing and infrared imaging without a stand-alone emitter. Additionally, an IR shutter filter can be applied to the existing front facing red, green, blue (RGB) camera that would only be in place when the display is in IR emission mode. The combination of these two technologies allows a facial recognition system using existing hardware, and not require additional sensors or emitters to achieve face recognition.

Abstract: A method includes detecting currently existing dose rates while a worker is performing an operation within a Radiologically Controlled Area (RCA) and visually outputting to the worker a dosage rate map of ionizing radiation within the RCA. The visual output can be visually depicted on a display that is worn by the worker during the operation and that is situated in proximity to the worker's eye. Another method of visually outputting to a worker a number of visual indicia that are representative of a number of parameters of an operation performed inside or outside the RCA includes periodically receiving a number of inputs from a number of detectors, employing the inputs to determine values for the parameters, and depicting the number of visible indicia on an electronic visual display that is situated on the worker and that is disposed proximate an eye of the worker.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a case, a manipulation ring disposed on the case, a rotational unit, a waterproof member, and an optical tracking system (OTS) sensor. The case has a first chamber and a second chamber arranged outside the first chamber. The case has a thru-hole arranged between the first and second chambers. The rotational unit includes a shaft and a mating member arranged in the second chamber and connected to the shaft. The shaft has a first segment arranged in the first chamber and a second segment arranged in the thru-hole. The manipulation ring is spinable to rotate the mating member and the shaft. The waterproof member is configured to seal a gap between the second segment and an inner wall of the case defining the thru-hole. The OTS sensor is arranged in the first chamber and is corresponding in position to the first segment.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a photon counting radiation detector (10) comprising an array of pixels (13) comprising a plurality of detection pixels (131) for detecting imaging information. At least one pixel of the array of pixels (132) is shielded from receiving radiation. A dark current is determined from the shielded pixel (132) and is used to compensate for dark current in the other, non-shielded pixels (131). Embodiments are directed to integrating pixel shielding within an Anti Scatter Grid or in a mask.

Abstract: Method of pixel volume confinement in a crystal of an energy resolving radiation detector, preferably an X-ray detector, more preferably a Computed Tomography detector, the crystal having a cathode side and an anode side, comprising: a. Inducing a break line (501) in the crystal along a pixel virtual limits b. Passivating the break line.

Abstract: Techniques for controlling an optical system include accessing a measured value of a property of a particular pulse of a pulsed light beam emitted from the optical system, the property being related to an amount of coherence of the light beam; comparing the measured value of the property of the light beam to a target value of the property; determining whether to generate a control signal based on the comparison; and if a control signal is generated based on the comparison, adjusting the amount of coherence in the light beam by modifying an aspect of the optical system based on the control signal to reduce an amount of coherence of a pulse that is subsequent to the particular pulse.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus includes a pixel array having a plurality of pixels configured to detect radiation, a detector configured to detect radiation irradiation, and a controller. In a case in which a measured value obtained by using the detector exceeds a threshold in one range out of a positive range and a negative range with respect to a reference value, the controller controls a radiation image capturing operation by determining that the radiation irradiation has started. The controller changes the threshold in accordance with the measured value of the other range out of the positive range and the negative range.

Abstract: A method for real-time processing of a pulse pile-up event comprises the following steps of: generating a fitted baseline value lookup table and a fitted energy value lookup table for a pulse falling edge, using a multi-voltage threshold sampling method to identify piled-up pulses and trigger a procedure of processing pulse signals; and using pulse priori information and acquired pulse information to acquire information of an incorrectly sampled portion due to a pulse pile-up by looking up in the tables, so as to recover information of the pile-up pulses in real time. First, in the disclosure the multi-voltage threshold sampling method is proposed to identify pile-up pulses at a high count rate and trigger a procedure of processing pulse signals. Next, pulse priori information and acquired pulse information are used to acquire information of an incorrectly sampled portion due to a pulse pile-up by looking up in the tables, to recover information of the piled-up pulses in real time.

Abstract: A method of locating lead goose neck pipes connected between a water main and a water service line buried under a surface comprising, using infrared (IR) photography to scan the surface above the buried pipes; wherein the water main and water service lines are constructed of a metal having a higher thermal conductivity than lead; and determining the presence of lead by differences in surface temperatures of the lead pipe and the water main and/or the service line as indicated by the infrared photography.