Abstract: Dicyanodiamide is applied onto the surfaces of ammonium-containing and sulfate-containing fertilizers at a fertilizer temperature of from 60.degree. to 130.degree. C. by mixing with finely divided dicyanodiamide. An aqueous solution containing calcium nitrate is applied at the same time or directly thereafter, with further mixing.

Abstract: The present invention teaches novel compositions and techniques for economically producing highly concentrated nitrogen-sulfur suspension fertilizers using cheap and readily available by-product ammonium sulfate or by-product sulfuric acid and ammonia in conjunction with solid, liquid, or suspension nitrogen fertilizers and suspending clay. The products of the instant invention exhibit unique and very desirable physical properties and long-term storage characteristics not heretofore encountered in suspensions containing soluble fertilizer salts. Some of these unique characteristics include virtually no crystal growth during exceptionally long storage periods and near-constant or decreasing viscosity with decrease in temperature.

Abstract: A soil amendment material and an associated process for the preparation thereof, comprising a water swellable hydrophilic polymer infused with high concentrations of plant nutritive salts. The amendment is prepared by repeated soaking of hydrophilic swellable polymer particles in a solution of nutritive salts in water, followed by heat application to drive off the entrained water, leaving the nutrients entrapped in the polymer particles.

Abstract: A high performance lubricating grease effectively lubricates and greases front-wheel drive joints. The lubricating grease has excellent extreme pressure properties and antiwear qualities and is economical, effective, and safe. In the preferred form, the lubricating grease comprises a base oil, a polyurea thickener, an additive package comprising tricalcium phosphate and calcium carbonate, and a borated oil-separation inhibitor.

Abstract: Improved, simple, energy-efficient, and easy-to-operate process for producing granular diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizers from anhydrous ammonia, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, and water utilizing a rotating drum granulator and a pipe reactor in combination with a specially designed slurry distributor. The pipe reactor operates at pressures of more than 80 pounds per square inch gage and utilizes a special low-impact distributor to uniformly distribute a wide-angle spray of slurry onto the bed of recycled solids in the drum granulator and to provide for a minimum of bed disruption and deformation. This energy-efficient process produces dry, free-flowing granular DAP with little or no fossil-fuel heating requirements for drying and with low recycle ratios which allow for high production rates or increases in production rates when the process is retrofitted into existing plants.

Abstract: A hydrolyzed lignosulfonate-acrylonitrile graft copolymer matrix providing a slow release solubility to fertilizers. The hydrolysis of the graft copolymer of lignosulfonate and acrylonitrile may be carried out in the presence of an alkali in situ during the fertilizer manufacturing process or in a prehydrolysis step with subsequent use of the hydrolyzed copolymer in the fertilizer manufacturing process to provide a controlled release formulation for various fertilizers.

Abstract: A soil-activating agent for extreme soils, for instance soils with very little organic substances or none at all and/or high contents of salts and/or heavy metals, is characterized by the combination of a fungal mycelium biomass and the tertiary system nitrogen-base/sugar-type/phosphoric-acid. This agent is characterized by an especially rapid and dense greening of extreme soils, in particular those with very little or no organic substances, and in that additional content of deleterious materials can be tolerated.

Abstract: A stable, concentrated solution intended for subsequent aqueous dilution and application to sodium contaminated soils for the productive reclamation thereof is prepared by a process comprising:(a) preparing an initial aqueous solution having a concentration in the range of from about 1 to 4%% by weight of a water soluble calcium or magnesium salt and dissolving therein from about 1 to 2% by weight of a water soluble polymer having an average molecular weight of at least about 1,00,000;preparing a substantially saturated aqueous solution of the water soluble calcium or magnesium salt empolyed in step (a); and(c) mixing from about 5 to 20% by volume of the polymer-containing solution of step (a) with from about 80 to 95% by volume of the substantially saturated solution of step (b) to obtain the stable, concentrated solution.A particularly preferred salt is calcium nitrate and particularly preferred polymers are high molecular weight anionic polyacrylamide polymers.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for compressing moisture containing material including a pair of opposed rolls for receiving and advancing the material therebetween to apply rolling load thereto to compress the material and remove at least a portion of said moisture therefrom, and differential means for causing one of said rolls to rotate at a lower speed than the rolling speed of the other of the rolls, the differential rolling speeds developing friction between the rolls causing the rolls to be heated and apply heat to said material to further remove moisture therefrom, to cause the compressed material to adhere to the one roll and to cause the removed moisture to adhere to the other roll, also alone and in combination, apparatus and process of decomposing organic material such as animal biomass by the action of aerobic microorganisms in the presence of oxygen, including introducing the organic material into a container having an end adapted to receive the organic material and an output end adapted to discharge the o

Abstract: A hydrolyzed lignosulfonate-acrylonitrile graft copolymer matrix providing slow release solubility to urea fertilizer. The hydrolysis of the graft copolymer of lignosulfonate and acrylonitrile may be carried out in the presence of a caustic in situ during the urea prill manufacturing process or in a prehydrolysis step with subsequent use of the hydrolyzed copolymer in the urea prill manufacturing process to provide the controlled release formulation for urea.

Abstract: A method for enhancing the development of mycorrhizae in the root system of a plant. A quantity of a nutrient mixture is applied to the outside surfaces of the foliage of a plant rooted in a growth medium containing propagules of a fungus capable of mycorrhizal infection of the roots, the nutrient mixture containing a source of nitrogen and a source of at least one other element selected from among potassium, phosphorus, zinc, magnesium, boron, manganese, molybdenum, copper, and iron, in an aqueous vehicle. Such application is repeated at intervals over a period of time during which the supply of nutrients by fertilization is provided predominantly through such foliar application.

Abstract: A novel gasoline-soluble polyoxyalkylene diamine compound, a concentrate comprising the compound dissolved in a hydrocarbon solvent, and a haze-free, deposit-resistant and ORI-inhibited motor fuel composition comprising the compound is described. Motor fuel compositions comprising the novel polyoxyalkylene diamine compound of the instant invention are haze-free and show improved ORI control and carbonaceous deposit inhibition in comparison with conventional motor fuels. Motor fuel compositions of the instant invention may optionally comprise a polyolefin polymer/copolymer component having a molecular weight range of about 500-3500.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for suppressing the nitrification of ammonium nitrogen in plant growth medium or soil and compositions which conserve soil nitrogen and supply soil nitrogen requirements necessary for plant nutrition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel fertilizer and method wherein a complex humic acid fertilizer is formed a mix of a select organic material, water, and measured amounts of major inorganic elements of nitrogen, phosphate, potash and sulfur. The constituents mixed in a sealed reactor system with a first material, usually an acid, are hydrolyzed by a drastic pH change, raising the mix temperature and pressure, and the mix is subsequently blended with a second material of an opposite pH to the first material, usually a base, reacting with the mix to provide a further temperature and pressure increase, to alter the pH to that of the finished fertilizer, which humic acid fertilizer is then dried and granulated or liquefied to a pumpable slurry.

Abstract: An improved process for more economically and effectively producing crystalline by-product ammonium sulfate (A/S) by granulating crystalline by-product A/S feedstock and recycle material together with an A/S-sulfuric acid-granulation aid-particle hardener solution and ammonia to bind the crystals together. Underlying the gist of the improvement concept is the identification of a low-cost readily available lignosulfonate by-product of the pulp and paper industry which, when used in predetermined and relatively small proportions, has now been discovered to be very satisfactory as a granulation aid-particle hardener for granulating such by-product ammonium sulfate crystals. Use of lignosulfonate instead of alum, as is currently practiced, reduces the manufacturing cost of granulating by-product ammonium sulfate by about as much as one dollar per short ton of product.

Abstract: A process for treating soil which comprises applying to the soil an aqueous solution of a formaldehyde-based pre-condensate containing a condensation initiator in an amount sufficient for condensation to be completed within a predetermined period of time not exceeding 24 hours. Preferably a urea-formaldehyde pre-condensate is used. Advantageously the solution also contains a polysaccharide (alginic acid, alginate, low methoxyl pectin, gum karaya, gum arabic) which is capable of forming a gel with divalent metal cations, particularly calcium, present in soil.The treated soil has improved erosion resistance.

Abstract: An article of manufacture useful as the base for an electronic circuit board is a substrate with an enamel layer having a heterogeneous structure containing at least two different phases obtained by applying a homogeneous, alkali-containing enamel powder to the substrate followed by heating at 850.degree. C. to 1,000.degree. C. wherein the enamel power has the composition as follows:______________________________________ Si.sub.O2 40-50% by weight Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 8-15% by weight Na.sub.2 O + K.sub.2 O 4-16% by weight CaO + BaO 25-35% by weight MgO 0-3% by weight B.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-10% by weight.

Abstract: A water soluble lubricating additive for water-based fluids used in metalworking operations comprising a polyoxyalkylene sulfur compound selected from the group consisting of alkyl polyoxyalkylene sulfides, alkyl polyoxyalkylene sulfoxides and mixtures thereof. In an alternate embodiment of this invention, dithiodiglycol may be combined with a polyoxyalkylene sulfur compound selected from the group consisting of alkyl polyoxyalkylene sulfides, alkyl polyoxyalkylene sulfoxides and mixtures thereof to produce said water soluble lubricating additive.

Abstract: A stable ammonium polyphosphate liquid fertilizer is prepared from concentrated wet-process phosphoric acid of 54-62% P.sub.2 O.sub.5, which prior to concentration is treated with a cation exchange resin to remove magnesium and calcium without appreciable reduction of iron and aluminum. The liquid fertilizer will remain substantially sludge-free when stored at 25.degree. C. for six months without the addition of any sequestering or suspending agent.

Abstract: A silicate raw material for ceramics containing alkali oxides, zinc oxide and silicon dioxide is characterized in that the three components alkali oxide, zinc oxide and silicon dioxide are present as calcined three-component silicates in a molar ratio of from 1:1:2 to 1:2:6, preferably in integral molar ratios, are employed.