Abstract: A synthetic focus ultrasound system is described which is operated in a hybrid fashion. System operation alternates between synthetic focus acquisition and conventional focused beam acquisition. This makes possible, for example, the acquisition and display of harmonic images. Speckle artifacts in the synthetic focused ultrasound images may be reduced by combining signals from different sub-apertures which view the image field from different look directions. In a described embodiment, sets of motion maps are be produced for different sub-apertures of the array transducer, then compounded to reduce speckle. One or more identified regions of interest within a synthetic focused ultrasound image may be processed differently from other regions of the image to highlight or better define particular motional characteristics within the regions of interest, such as turbulent flow or different velocities of flow or motion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for estimating the velocity vector of a remotely sensed object or group of objects using either ultrasound or electromagnetic radiation. The movement of the object is determined by emitting and receiving a pulsed field with spatial oscillations in both the axial and transverse directions. Using a number of pulsed emissions and the transverse spatial oscillations the received signal is influenced by transverse motion and a new autocorrelation estimator is used for determining the velocity vector.

Abstract: The invention relates to a Neuro-navigation system comprising a reflector referencing system including passive reflectors and a marker system with markers or landmarks wherein the reflectors as well as the markers as regards their shape, size and material selection as well as their arrangement or attachment on the parts of the body to be operatively treated and on the surgical instruments are configured so that mapping their locations is substantially facilitated or is able to take place more accurately positioned by a computer/camera unit having a graphic display terminal as well as the operative treatment with the aid of this unit. Optionally a surgical microscope, an ultrasonic diagnostic system as well as a calibration procedure may be integrated in the Neuro-navigation system in accordance with the invention.

Abstract: An ultrasonic angioscope system which uses an imaging technique of sending ultrasonic waves to a portion ahead of a stricture of a blood vessel and visualizing a portion in the forward direction of the angioscope, and which uses a laser breakdown is provided.

Abstract: An ultrasonic diagnostic system, which is intended to perform the wireless communication of ultrasonic diagnostic information within the speed range of general-purpose data communication standards, is arranged in a first and second units. The first unit includes ultrasonic wave transmit/receive means which transmits an ultrasonic wave and receives the echo of the wave, data generation means which produces digital diagnostic data based on the received echo, data compression means which compresses the digital data, and data communication means which sends out the compressed data in wireless manner. The second unit includes data communication means which receives the transmitted data, data expansion means which expands the received data, and information generation means which produces display information from the expanded data.

Abstract: IntraOsteal UltraSound (IOUS) is the use of acoustical energy to facilitate “real-time” manipulation and navigation of a device for intraosseous placement of synthetic or biologic implants and to diagnose the condition of the tissue into which the implant is being placed. Representative applications include placement of synthetic or biologic implants, such as bone screws, through vertebral pedicles during spinal fusion surgery. Devices for use in the placement of the implants include a means for creating a lumen or channel into the bone at the desired site in combination with a probe for providing realtime feedback of differences in density of the tissue, typically differences in acoustical impedance between cancellous and cortical bone. The devices will also typically include means for monitoring the feedback such as a screen creating an image for the surgeon as he creates the channel, and/or an audible signal which different tissues are present. The system can also be used for diagnostic applications.

Abstract: A method for assaying a component of a localized region of interest in a body comprising: illuminating the region with at least one pulse of radiation having a wavelength at which the radiation is absorbed by the component to generate a change in an acoustic property of the region; transmitting ultrasound so that it is incident on the region; measuring at least one effect of the change on the incident ultrasound; using the measured at least one effect to determine an absorption coefficient for the radiation in the region; and using the determined absorption coefficient to determine concentration of the component in the region.

Abstract: Compounding of data representing a same location is provided. The level of compounding is tuned. Different levels of compounding between averaging and selecting a maximum or minimum and/or between minimum and maximum are provided. Ultrasound data to be compounded is weighted. The weights are defined by a smoothly varying functions from a zero value to a unity value or one. The weight for each of the data to be compounded is a function of all of the data to be compounded. One or more variables in the weighting function allows selection of the level of compounding. As a result of these weighting characteristics, a compromise or tuned level of compounding between minimum and selection of a maximum value is provided.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining the apparent intima-media thickness (IMT) of arteries through acquisition and analysis of ultrasound images comprising an array of pixel intensities. An acquired image may be referenced, determining threshold values relating to the intensity of pixels forming images of portions of an artery wall, particularly the lumen, media, and adventitia. A datum, or datums, may be established across multiple columns of pixels bounding the portion of the image containing either the lumen/intima boundary, the media/adventitia boundary, or both. The datums may be approximate the shape of one more of the lumen, intima, media, and adventitia. Within a bounded portion of the image, a method may search for intensity gradients having characteristics indicating the gradients represent probable locations of the lumen/intima and media/adventitia boundaries.

Abstract: Methods and systems for improving an ultrasound image quality are provided. On demand transmission of unsustainably high power ultrasonic pulses are temporary or spatially interleaved with low power, zero power, or standard ultrasonic pulses. In response to a user initiated trigger, a physiological trigger, a system trigger, or external equipment trigger, the unsustainably high power pulses provide better signal-to-noise ratio and/or allow increased imaging frequencies for difficult to image patients in any of various modes, such as B-modes, harmonic B-mode responsive to tissue or contrast agent, or color flow modes. Unsustainably high power ultrasonic pulses cause an increase in the tissue temperature within the body and at the interface between the transducer and the skin. Standard imagining or standard high power pulses may increase either temperature by around 6° C., such as from a body normal 37° C. to an average of 43° C. over time.

Abstract: A system and method of ultrasound quantification acquires acoustic image data from anatomic locations distributed in more than 2 dimensions, and uses a segmentation algorithm to provide real-time volume measurements. A 2D array is used to acquire two orthogonal (bi-plane) 2D images simultaneously. The images are segmented individually to determine the volume borders using any number of acoustic algorithms. The borders from the two bi-plane images are mathematically combined to give a volume measurement. A control processor controls the system to thereby obtain instant feedback of the segmented image data and enhance the volume measurements of the image. The system and method is extended to a number of simultaneous 2D images and to a full 3D volume acquisition.

Abstract: By bonding a conductive first matching layer 14 to the acoustic radiation surface side, which is the bottom side, of a belt-shape piezoelectric element on both faces with electrodes provided, and using a dicing machine to form divided grooves 16, an array of piezoelectric elements 6, 6, . . . , 6 is formed in the element array direction. By deepening the divided grooves 16, generation of cross talk can be prevented, and by filling the portions of the divided grooves 16 not in contact with the piezoelectric elements 6 with a conductive adhesive 17, a reduction in strength due to formation of the divided grooves 16 can be prevented, and a common connection between the ground electrode 13b on the bottom surface of each piezoelectric element 6 and the conductive first matching layer 14 can be reliably secured.

Abstract: A system for connecting an transducer matrix array to a beamformer via a multiplexer where the multiplexer includes a plurality of numbered switches, the array including a plurality of rows and columns where the rows include plural center rows the elements of which are uniquely associated with a numbered switch portion and a top row associated with first and second numbered switches offset by L in first and second differing directions with respect to one of the center row elements, and a bottom row associated with third and fourth numbered switches offset by L in first and second differing directions with respect to the one of the center row elements.

Abstract: A transducer element for ultrasound reception comprises a first active transducer layer connected to a first receiver, and a second active transducer layer laminated to the first active transducer layer and connected to a second receiver. A transducer element for ultrasound transmission comprises a first active transducer layer connected to a first transmitter, and a second active transducer layer laminated to the first transducer layer and connected to a second transmitter. Further aspects of the present invention include a transducer element for ultrasound transmission and reception, a transducer array for ultrasound transmission and reception, and methods for transmitting and receiving ultrasound signals.

Abstract: An apparatus, automated method technique and product for accurately determining the intima-media thickness of a blood vessel.

Abstract: A needle guide system for a medical imaging instrument comprises a needle guide assembly (1, 2) and a mounting assembly (3, 4, optionally 5) for attaching the needle guide assembly to a transducer, the mounting assembly comprising self-destroying means effective on dismounting. The mounting assembly comprises an attaching clip (4) mountable on a transducer directly or via an adapter (5), and a locking clip (3) mountable on the attaching clip from which it can be dismounted easily only by breaking indications of fracture comprised by the attaching clip. The needle guide assembly (1, 2) comprises a revolver (1) capable of receiving needles of varying diameter and a journal clip (2) by which it is mounted on the locking clip (3).

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward an ultrasonography apparatus for measuring and/or monitoring hemodynamic activity, such as blood flow. The present invention comprises a doppler ultrasound unit, one or more transducers, and a portable body.

Abstract: An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus and method are disclosed that use a contrast echo method, which can obtain an ultrasonic image indicating proper blood flow directions and distinguishably showing blood flow, enhancement in parenchyma and tissues with no enhancement. A method is performed with low mechanical index transmission to create B-mode, velocity and power signals and these signals are compared to determine a value for each pixel. Thus, tissues with no contrast-enhancement can be displayed with the B signal value in gray scale, parenchyma with contrast-enhancement with P and/or V values in dark green, slow blood flow (such as a vein) with P and/or V values in bright green and fast blood flow (such as an artery) with P and/or V values in red or blue according to the direction of the flow.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter with differential outputs is connected to two difference amplifiers through current splitters. The current splitters isolate the compliance voltage of the digital-to-analog converter so that larger resistances may be used with the difference amplifiers. The larger resistances allow for better signal-to-noise ratio performance of the transmit circuit. The difference amplifiers provide current signals to a push-pull output amplifier through their supply nodes. A single scaling resistor connects between the conventional outputs of two differential amplifiers to reduce mismatching between the positive and negative waveform paths. As a result of the feedback between the two difference amplifiers, a lower level of subharmonic and/or harmonic distortion products is achieved.

Abstract: A method and device for marking a patient's skin during an ultrasound examination to denote a feature of interest. The device comprises a first portion and a second portion. The first portion is adapted for attachement of the device to an ultrasound transducer. The second portion is adapted for marking the skin of the patient to denote the feature of interest. The first and second portions are rotatably attached to each other. During an ultrasound examination of the patient to locate the feature of interest, the second portion is rotated so that it is spaced away from the patient's skin. The ultrasound examination is conducted in the normal manner until the feature of interest is located, at which time the second portion is rotated so that it contacts and marks the patient's skin to denote the feature of interest.