Abstract: Activated sludge sewage treatment process comprising aerating a mixed liquor comprising phosphate-containing influent sewage material to cause the microorganisms present to take up phosphate, separating phosphate-enriched sludge from the mixed liquor, and settling the separated sludge in a phosphate stripping zone to form supernatant liquor and settled sludge. At least part of the settled sludge is maintained under anaerobic conditions to cause release of soluble phosphate and the resulting sludge containing released phosphate is contacted with a lower soluble phosphate content medium to effect phosphate enrichment of the supernatant liquor in the stripping zone, with at least a portion of the anaerobic sludge being recirculated to the aeration zone.

Abstract: A process has been developed for the oxidation of organic substances, dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous system, with a gas containing molecular oxygen at elevated temperature and under elevated pressure chiefly to carbon dioxide and water, with subsequent phase separation of the reaction mixture into a gaseous phase substantially containing inert gas, carbon dioxide, steam and organic constituents and a liquid phase substantially containing water, characterized in that the pressure is adjusted, at the given temperature, so that by evaporation of water from the aqueous system, more steam than the exothermicity of the oxidation reaction gives rise to, goes into the gaseous phase, which is fed to a heat exchanger in which the amount of heat required to maintain the oxidation temperature is completely or partially transferred to a mixture of water and a gas containing molecular oxygen, which mixture flows in on the other side of the heat exchanger and is subsequently fed to the reactor.

Abstract: A desalination process system combining electro-dialysis, reverse osmosis and brine concentration with by-product recovery.

Abstract: Raw sugar beet diffusion juice or raw cane press or diffusion juice is de-ashed by ion exchange using calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate mangesium hydroxide or calcium sulfite for regenerant. Means are provided whereby slurries can be passed through an ion exchange resin bed without causing said bed to accumulate solids and to clog.

Abstract: The ultrafiltration provided by an operating dialyzer is measured by sealing a portion of the dialysis solution flow path, including the dialysis unit, to prevent solution flow into or out of the portion, while effecting flow of the liquid to be dialyzed through a second flow path in the dialysis unit. Simultaneously, the dialysis solution flow path is in communication with a solution receptacle, at least part of which is vertically elevated over the dialysis unit. Accordingly, dialysis solution flows into the receptacle over a period of time under these conditions in a manner corresponding to the ultrafiltration of the dialysis system.

Abstract: A sludge supply device for a single type filter press, wherein a sludge feeding nozzle is fitted in a recess in a side wall of a filter plate, with a filter cloth interposed therebetween, comprising a sludge supply pipe connected to said sludge feeding nozzle and at least two supporting rods carrying said sludge supply pipe and pivotally mounted on a retaining means attached to the side wall of the filter plate, said retaining means, said sludge supply pipe and said at least two supporting rods constituting a parallelogrammatical link mechanism, thereby maintaining said sludge feeding nozzle in a generally constant direction during the movement thereof. This invention facilitates the discharge of cake removed from the filter cloths and ensures smooth travelling of each filter cloth and easy washing thereof.

Abstract: An improved process and apparatus is described for separating a gas from an upwardly flowing gas-liquid mixture at the top of a vertical reactor or tube covered by a separator hood in which the upper or overflow edge of the upflow tube is extended and modified by a series of vertical partitions traversing the space directly above the upflow tube and extending outwardly therefrom to afford a series of adjacent, alternating riser and downcomer compartments, the riser compartments being bottomless in the space directly over the upflow tube and the downcomer compartments being bottomless in the space outside the top of the upflow tube, such that any liquid being separated from the gas-liquid mixture first passes through a riser compartment and over a partition into a downcomer compartment before it is collected for withdrawal.

Abstract: Improved process for the oxidation of the Fe.sup.2+ in waste water is disclosed. The process is especially advantageous when applied to low pH acidic waste waters containing substantial amount of the Fe.sup.2+ and is carried out by making use of acid-proof, porous material as a bed-material for iron bacteria to inhabit. The bed-material is suspended in the waste water to be treated and is used repeatedly in a closed circuit.

Abstract: A filter sector about which a bag-type filter is secured is disclosed for use in a rotary disc filter structure. The filter sector is a generally wedge-shaped panel having oppositely disposed planar surfaces. A plurality of substantially cylindrical projections are affixed to the planar surfaces and have contact surfaces which support the bag filter spaced apart from the planar surfaces. A plurality of elongated ribs extend between an apex end portion and an arcuate end portion of the panel and are spaced apart to define a plurality of independent flow channels for filtrate drawn through the bag filter. A collar assembly is provided for connecting the filter sector to a filtrate discharge conduit.

Abstract: A device for controlling the flow distribution through a regeneration vessel of a mixture of a carbonaceous adsorbent material and an inert material in an adsorbent material regeneration process in which a lower, conical section is supported by a hopper portion of the vessel, and an upper, conical section extends within the vessel. A plurality of angularly spaced flow passages extend longitudinally through the device, from the upper surface of the upper section to an interior chamber of the device disposed within the hopper, which is in fluid communication with the discharge of the vessel. The longitudinal axis of each passage is inclined at an angle of between 55.degree.-90.degree. relative to a base plane of the device, with 70.degree. being a preferred value.

Abstract: Use of a low molecular weight polyacrylamide modified to provide quaternized dimethylaminomethyl groups in the clarification of raw water provides improved clarification.

Abstract: Apparatus for treating sewage by providing a plurality of uniquely designed thin discs that are mounted on a shaft so that the discs are immersed approximately 40% in a sewage tank. The shaft is rotated at peripheral speeds on the order of 35-75 feet per minute to alternately expose the discs to the atmosphere and the liquid containing wastewater in the tank to treat the wastewater in the tank by providing for the growth of biological slimes on the surfaces of the discs. The discs have a corrugated configuration with the corrugations of the alternate discs disposed at ninety degrees to each other to provide maximum usable surface area in a given rotating volume while having sufficient clearance to permit unobstructive sloughing of growths.

Abstract: A device, which may be used in a dialysis system, is disclosed for separating low density material such as gas bubbles from a liquid by swirling the liquid, to cause the bubbles to migrate toward the center of the swirling liquid. A liquid storage chamber having side walls of generally circular cross-section of the longitudinal axis is provided. A port is provided for removing the bubbles or the like, positioned adjacent the longitudinal axis of the chamber. A liqud inlet passes into the chamber in such a position as to pass liquid into the chamber circumferentially about the side walls, to provide swirling of liquid passing into the chamber. In accordance with this invention, outlet means and pump means are provided for removing bubble-free liquid from the chamber at a point spaced from the inlet but adjacent the side wall.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the purification of ammonia or ammonium salt containing waste waters using alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hypochlorites comprising adjusting the waste water to an initial pH of 8-10.5 with an alkaline material and then treating the waste water with an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite in an amount practically equivalent to the ammonia or ammonium salt, in a given case while lowering the pH during the evolution of nitrogen by additional neutralization of this pH to about 6-8 whereupon only after the end of the evolution of nitrogen the pH of the waste water, if it deviates from 7, is adjusted to the neutral region in known manner. The initial pH is preferably adjusted with the help of an alkali or alkaline earth hydroxide, most preferably it is adjusted to a pH of 8-9 with the help of a buffer salt.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid separation module of a spiral type which is produced by a simple apparatus requiring no manual operations, so that a mandrel is provided with a spirally and tightly wound layer arrangement consisting of a plurality of layer elements without any abnormal relative shifting between any layer elements, without occurrence of wrinkles in any layer element and with uniform tightness of the winding along the radius of the wound layer arrangement. The layer arrangement is wound on the mandrel in such way that, while the layer arrangement is being tightly wound on the mandrel by rotating the mandrel with the forward end of the layer arragement fixed to the mandrel, a portion of the layer arrangement which has not yet been tightly wound is forced to bulge just before coming into tight contact with the mandrel or with another portion of the layer arrangement which has been tightly wound, so that at the bulged portion the layer elements are partially separated from each other.

Abstract: Use of quaternized Mannich bases of low molecular weight polyacrylamides is highly effective in clarification of iron ore slimes.

Abstract: A transmission fluid filter having a fluid outlet comprising a sheet metal base member with a plurality of upstanding spaced support bosses. A polyester fiber mesh is molded into a plastic filter frame which includes a peripheral edge for attachment to the base member and a plurality of ribs extending generally from the region of the fluid outlet to the frame edge and supported by the bosses to form a fluid cavity between the mesh and the base member.

Abstract: A miniaturized proportioning system for continuously mixing and preparing dialysate in accurate proportions, as may be prescribed by a physician, for simultaneous clinical treatment of a plurality of patients, e.g., ten, or in another form for treating a single patient almost anywhere.

Abstract: A retaining device for fluid treatment apparatus having a stack of membranes and spacers in which the stack is clamped between two end plates which are provided with a projection or opening and two side plates which are provided with an opening or projection co-operating therewith, movement of the sideplates relative to the end plates, parallel to the end plates, effecting movement together of the end plates due to inclined surfaces on the projections and/or openings.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of inhibiting the destructive effect of water in contact with an asbestos-cement containing structure due to the leaching of the water soluble components of the cement, e.g., calcium and magnesium, which comprises the addition to the water of a material which will change the interfacial surface of the cement structure such that the overall solubility of soluble components of the cement will be reduced. The materials which will be suitable for the purpose are water soluble phosphates, water soluble phosphonic acid derivatives, water soluble polymers of acrylic acid, water soluble silicates, and mixtures thereof.