Abstract: Methods of using azide-modified biomolecules, such as fatty acids, carbohydrates and lipids, to treat a plant, an insect or an animal infected with a virus or to inhibit infectivity of a virus, such as the human immunodeficiency virus, are provided. Also provided are methods of labeling a virus, such as human immunodeficiency virus, with an azide-modified biomolecule, such as a fatty acid, a carbohydrate, or an isoprenoid lipid. Also, provided are methods of tracking a virus in vivo, with an azide-modified biomolecule, such as a fatty acid, a carbohydrate, or an isoprenoid lipid. The azide-modified biomolecules may be combined with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient to produce a pharmaceutical composition, optionally containing another anti-viral agent and/or a delivery agent, such as a liposome.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vancomycin derivative, and a preparation method and an application thereof. The vancomycin derivative of the present invention is obtained by introducing a glycerate moiety between a vancomycin derivative and a liposoluble modification group and has reduced liposolubility and improved water solubility, thereby reducing a side effect in the cardiovascular aspect.

Abstract: To study RNA function using small molecules, we designed bioactive, modularly assembled small molecules that target the noncoding expanded RNA repeat that causes myotonic dystrophy type 1 (Dm1), r(CUG)exp. Different modular assembly scaffolds were investigated including polyamines, alpha-peptides, beta-peptides, and peptide tertiary amides (PT As). Based on activity as assessed by improvement of DM1 -associated defects, stability against proteases, cellular permeability, and toxicity, we discovered that constrained backbones, namely PT As, are optimal.

Abstract: Nanostructures made up from two or more types of short peptides (e.g., aromatic dipeptides), which differ from one another by the presence (or absence) of an end-capping moiety, are disclosed. The disclosed nanostructures exhibit a closed tubular structure, short average length and narrow length distribution. Also disclosed are processes of preparing the nanostructures, articles comprising the nanostructures, and use of the nanostructures in, for example, reinforcement of materials.

Abstract: Ligand functionalized substrates, methods of making ligand functionalized substrates, and methods of using functionalized substrates are disclosed.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide: a peptide having an affinity for silicon nitride; a polynucleotide encoding the peptide; an expression vector for expressing the peptide having an affinity for silicon nitride; an expression vector for expressing a peptide fusion protein that comprises the peptide having an affinity for silicon nitride and a target protein; a transformant obtained by introducing the expression vector into a host cell; a peptide fusion protein obtained from the transformant; a silicon nitride substrate to which a peptide having an affinity for silicon nitride has been bonded; a method for immobilizing a target protein to a silicon nitride substrate; a composition for immobilizing a target protein to a silicon nitride substrate, the composition comprising a peptide having an affinity for silicon nitride; and a linker for immobilizing a target protein to a silicon nitride substrate, the linker comprising a peptide having an affinity for silicon nitride.

Abstract: An isolated peptide being no longer than 20 amino acids comprising a sequence at least 95% homologous to the sequence GQLNHILGILGX1PX2QED (SEQ ID NO: 4), wherein X1 and X2 are any amino acid, the peptide being capable of preventing extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK) translocation into the nucleus.

Abstract: Provided is a protein-polymer complex which is capable of detecting a target with good sensitivity. Specifically provided is a protein-polymer complex comprising a polymer having a glutamine (Gln) residue or a primary amine on a side chain, wherein either a protein having a primary amine is bound to the glutamine (Gln) residue, or a protein having a glutamine (Gln) residue is bound to the primary amine.

Abstract: The invention provides reagents, methods, and compositions for studying protein-protein interactions. The inventive system and methods allow the analysis of protein-protein interactions in vivo and in vitro. Advantages offered by various embodiments of the inventive system and methods compared to existing photocrosslinking approaches include, for example, (i) novel reversible crosslinking reagents that allow easy isolation, purification, and enrichment of the crosslinked products; (ii) trifiuoromethyl phenyldiazirine- or perfluorinaled phenylazide-based photocrosslinking reagents that provide high specific labeling, no side product, and higher photocrosslinking efficiency; (iii) versatile spacer groups that allow systematic contact site mapping; (iv) novel methods for isolating, purifying, and detecting crosslinked products based on the reversible-link chemistry; and (v) the ability to study the interaction sites in vitro, in situ, or in vivo.

Abstract: Methods for extending light-emitting time of a solution of a calcium-binding photoprotein that instantaneously emits light by binding to calcium ions are provided. In the light-emitting reaction system of a solution of a calcium-binding photoprotein, a light-emitting reaction is performed in the presence of an anion capable of binding to the calcium ion or the cation that can be substituted for the calcium ion and/or a cation that can bind to the calcium-binding site of the calcium-binding photoprotein with a lower affinity than the calcium ion or the cation that can be substituted for the calcium ion without activating the calcium-binding photoprotein.

Abstract: Provided herein are dipeptide and tripeptide epoxy ketone protease inhibitors, methods of their preparation, related pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of using the same. For example, provided herein are compounds of Formula (X): and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions including the same. The compounds and compositions provided herein may be used, for example, in the treatment of proliferative diseases including cancer and autoimmune diseases.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel polyethylene glycol (PEG) based prodrug of Adrenomedullin, to processes for preparation thereof, to the use thereof for treatment and/or prevention of diseases, and to the use thereof for producing medicaments for treatment and/or prevention of diseases, especially of cardiovascular, edematous and/or inflammatory disorders.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds, compositions, methods and kits for purifying a serine protease and serine proteases purified with the compounds, compositions and methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyamides capable of inhibiting ARE-, GRE- and ERE-mediated gene regulation in cells. The present invention also relates to polyamides capable of modulating the activity of RNA polymerase II and p53. The invention also relates to methods to treat diseases related to ARE-, GRE- and ERE-mediated gene regulation and to RNA polymerase II and p53 activity.

Abstract: Peptide compounds based on the CAP37 protein are disclosed, along with methods for treating various infections, wounds, and conditions, and methods of promoting healing and acceptance of grafts, using compositions containing these peptide compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for identifying amino acids in peptides. In one embodiment, the present invention contemplates labeling the N-terminal amino acid with a first label and labeling an internal amino acid with a second label. In some embodiments, the labels are fluorescent labels. In other embodiments, the internal amino acid is lysine. In other embodiments, amino acids in peptides are identified based on the fluorescent signature for each peptide at the single molecule level.

Abstract: Peptide compounds based on the CAP37 protein are disclosed, along with methods for treating various infections, wounds, and conditions, and methods of promoting healing and acceptance of grafts, using compositions containing these peptides.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel polyethylene glycol (PEG) based prodrug of Adrenomedullin, to processes for preparation thereof, to the use thereof for treatment and/or prevention of diseases, and to the use thereof for producing medicaments for treatment and/or prevention of diseases, especially of cardiovascular, edematous and/or inflammatory disorders.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods for triggering disease selective macropinocytosis. The compositions can serve as a marker of disease activity and as a trigger of enhanced macropinocytosis in tissues undergoing disease remodeling such as wound healing, cancer, PAH, inflammation, diabetes, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, ankylosing spondylitis, diseases of the endometrium, psoriasis, irritable bowel syndrome, arthritis, fibrotic disorders, interstitial cystitis, autoimmune diseases, asthma, acute lung injury, and adult respiratory distress syndrome. The compositions can also serve as a receptor for disease selective cell penetrating peptides in the cells and extracellular matrix of diseased tissues.

Abstract: A platform drug delivery system and a method of improving the delivery of low solubility pharmaceuticals utilizing crystal engineering and Theanine dissolution resulting in enhanced bioactivity, dissolution rate, and solid state stability.