Abstract: A method of load reduction on buried culvert using an EPS block is disclosed. A culvert foundation is constructed at a place where a culvert will be buried, and the culvert is put on the foundation, and then, both sides of the culvert are banked with filling earth. EPS blocks are paved in multiple layers on the top surface of the culvert, or geosynthetics and an ESP block are paved on the culvert, and then, filling earth is banked on the geosynthetics or the ESP block and a final ground level is compacted. As a result, compression occurs from the EPS block, deformation of the inside earth is caused artificially, and arching is generated. Accordingly, the method has vertical earth pressure reduction effect, thereby preventing an increase in the section of the culvert due to overburden of the banked earth and an increase in vertical load due to a settlement amount of the culvert buried on the weak ground and a relative settlement difference of surrounding earth, and improving durability of the buried culvert.

Abstract: The present invention is an economical and easily installed irrigation system for agricultural products covering large areas. The invention comprises top and bottom layers of geosynthetic material having a non-cohesive, porous material between the layers. A water distribution system is also placed between the layers. This system can be placed directly on the area to be irrigated without digging a trench or hole. Agricultural products, such as turf or row crops, are placed with top soil directly on the system.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for suppressing vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of aquatic elements of underwater structures. The system includes use of a sleeve positioned around at least a portion of an aquatic element and at least one strake positioned along at least a portion of the length of the aquatic member. The apparatus further comprises copper to suppress the growth of aquatic organisms.