Abstract: A method for the quantification of active plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-type-1 (PAI-type-1) presence in a sample, a method for preparing a reference curve for use in the quantification, a kit for carrying out the method for quantification and a carrier such as a microtiter plate comprising immobilized antibody directed against plasminogen activator.

Abstract: Fluorogenic substrates of the general formula I ##STR1## in which one of X and Y is a fluorescent donor moiety and the other is a quencher (which may or may not re-emit); R' is selected from the group consisting of H, lower (i.e., alkyl of 1 to about 5 carbon atoms) and (CH.sub.2 OH).sub.n OH, in which n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 5; R" is selected from the group consisting of H, physiologically acceptable metal and ammonium cations, --CHR.sup.2 OCO(CH.sub.2).sub.n CH.sub.3, --CHR.sup.2 OCOC(CH.sub.3).sub.3, acylthiomethyl, acyloxy-alpha-benzyl, delta-butyrolactonyl, methoxycarbonyloxymethyl, phenyl, methylsulphinylmethyl, beta-morpholinoethyl, dialkylaminoethyl, acyloxyalkyl, dialkylaminocarbonyloxymethyl and aliphatic, in which R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of H and lower alkyl; A is selected from the group consisting of S, O, SO, SO.sub.2 and CH.sub.2 ; and Z' and Z" are linkers for the fluorescent donor and quencher moieties. The substrates are useful in conjunction with .beta.

Abstract: The present invention is composed of a nucleoside derivative of the following general formula ?I!: ##STR1## (wherein B represents adenin-9-ylmethyl, guanin-9-ylmethyl, hypoxanthin-9-ylmethyl, thymin-1-ylmethyl, uracil-1-ylmethyl, or cytosin-1-ylmethyl; X and Y may be the same or different and each represents hydrogen or hydroxy, exclusive of the case in which X is hydrogen and Y is hydroxy).The compound of the present invention is useful as an antiviral agent or an antimalignant-tumoral agent.

Abstract: The present invention has for its object to provide a trisaccharide Lewis sugar-chain epitope derivative of the following structural formula, which is of value as a medicine and has a novel structure containing moranoline. ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are dissimilar and each represents galactopyranosyl or fucopyranosyl, which is substituted by hydroxysulfonyl or a metal salt thereof. The compounds of the invention have cell adhesion-inhibitory activity and is useful for the prevention and treatment of inflammation, inflammation-associated thrombosis, rheumatism, immune diseases, viral infections, and cancer.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a microbiological process in a fluid supply involving isolation of a fluid sample from a fluid supply, measuring the pH of the fluid sample at selected time intervals, then analyzing changes in pH, if any, to determine a pH production rate for the sample. Changes in pH production rate are then analyzed to determine when the pH production rate changes from a negative value to zero and/or to zero for the second time as an indicator of nitrification time.

Abstract: A method for producing an alkylglycoside by a reaction of a saccharide and a monohydric alcohol, the method comprising the steps of carrying out the reaction of the saccharide and the monohydric alcohol; adjusting a reaction mixture containing an unreacted monohydric alcohol and an alkylglycoside produced to a pH of 2 to 6.5; and removing the unreacted monohydric alcohol from the reaction mixture by distillation to obtain the alkylglycoside, wherein decoloration treatment may be carried out before removing the unreacted monohydric alcohol.