Abstract: According to the invention, the raw mix for producing portland cement clinker comprises a lime component, a clay component, an iron-containing component and a modifying agent. The latter is a cake byproduct readily available at titanium and magnesium works. The percentage by weight composition of the mix is as follows:______________________________________ lime component, 88.3 to 77.8 clay component, 9.2 to 11.2 iron-containing component, 2.0 to 5.0 modifying agent, 0.5 to 6.0 ______________________________________The raw mix according to the invention possesses better properties than conventional mixes. For example, its plasticity is 140 to 160 units, and the degree of mineralization is as high as 19 percent.

Abstract: A filter house (12) employing a selective catalytic reduction process for removing NO.sub.x emissions from a flue gas stream while simultaneously filtering out and collecting entrained particulate matter from the stream. Accordingly, the filter house (12) includes flue gas inlet and outlet passages (18, 30) and a plurality of porous filter bags. The bags are treated with a suitable catalyst to facilitate the selective catalytic reduction process.

Abstract: A gas stream containing nitrogen oxides, such as the tail gas from a nitric acid plant, is treated to reduce the nitrogen oxides content thereof. The method results in the production of an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate. In a liquid-gas contact apparatus, the gas stream is first reacted, under steady state conditions, in counter-current flow, with an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate at a pH of about 0.01 to about 0.5. The gas stream is then further reacted with an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate at a pH of about 8.1 to about 8.5; and thereafter with water, preferably slightly acidified to a pH of 6.0 to 6.5. The resulting gas stream of reduced nitrogen oxides content may be safely discharged to the atmosphere without causing air pollution, the nitrogen oxides content being below imposed standards.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing nitric acid. The process is characterized by the steps of (1) contacting gaseous nitrogen dioxide with feed water to yield aqueous liquid nitric acid and a gaseous by-product; (2) contacting the gaseous by-product with ammonia and water to yield a decontaminated gaseous effluent and an aqueous liquid by-product comprising aqueous ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrite and nitric acid, and (3) feeding the liquid product to the first step above and reducing the amount of said feed water up to an amount equivalent to the water fed in the liquid product. The process is characterized by substantially reduced water consumption and improved pollution control economics and by the innocuous disposal of the hazardous ammonium nitrite.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of Portland cement clinker resides in that limey, clayey and iron-containing components are ground together. The mix is then homogeneized pelletized, decarbonized at 800.degree. to 1000.degree. C. and roasted at 1200.degree. to 1350.degree. C. Dust sublimates--wastes of the titanium production--are added at the stage of grinding or homogeneization in an amount of 0.5 to 6.0% by total weight of raw mix, and, in case the dust sublimates are added at the homogeneization stage, an aqueous suspension of cakes--wastes of the titanium and magnesium production--is added at the pelletizing stage, at a volumetric ratio of water to cakes of 3-6:1, and in an amount of 10 to 14% by total weight of raw mix.The process according to the invention enables the preparation of clinker exhibiting an improved strength. With the process according to the invention, the degree of decarbonization of raw mix is as high as 35-50%, and roasting temperature is 120.degree.-150.degree. C. lower.

Abstract: A process for removing chlorine ions from wet flue-gas processing system.According to the process of this invention, the accumulation of the chlorine ions in the processing system is sufficiently prevented, and thus the corrosion of the apparatus is efficiently avoided.

Abstract: A method for reducing NO.sub.x in stack gases is disclosed which comprises contacting stack gas with a fluidized bed of pulverized coal at a temperature within the range from about 400.degree.-700.degree. C., passing the gaseous effluent from the fluidized bed reactor to a heat recovery unit to complete the combustion of volatiles evolved in the fluidized bed reactor and to recover the heat content of the treated stack gas, and then discharging the treated gas to the atmosphere. In a preferred embodiment of the method of this invention, the treated gases passing from the heat recovery unit are subjected to a sulfur compound removal step before being discharged to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Abrasion resistant granules of sodium perborate monohydrate are made by introducing an aqueous solution containing hydrogen peroxide and an aqueous solution containing sodium metaborate simultaneously into a fluidized bed dryer which contains seeds of a size smaller than that of the desired granules. At least one surface active agent is introduced into at least one of the aqueous solutions containing hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate. Water present in the aqueous solutions is evaporated by fluidization gas which is introduced into the fluidized bed dryer. The process produces, in one stage, granules of sodium perborate monohydrate having a high rate of dissolution, good flowability, abrasion resistance, and other desirable properties.

Abstract: A hot gas containing nitrogen oxides is admixed with ammonia and hydrogen peroxide to reduce the nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and water. Reduction reaction of the nitrogen oxides by ammonia is considerably promoted in a temperature range of 400.degree. to 800.degree. C. by the addition of hydrogen peroxide, and also ammonia present in excess of the nitrogen oxides is decomposed thereby, eliminating an unreacted ammonia effluent.

Abstract: Boron trichloride is prepared by free-radical chlorination of liquid borate ester, e.g., trimethyl borate, at temperatures of between about 20.degree. C. and 100.degree. C. Color bodies which form and accumulate in the liquid reaction mixture are removed by extracting a purge fraction of the reaction mixture from the reactor, distilling such liquid reaction mixture, and recycling distillate obtained from the distillation to the reactor. The volume of the purge fraction can vary between about 4 and about 20 volume percent of the reaction mixture per hour. Borate ester can be added to the distillate before introducing it into the reactor.

Abstract: Exhaust or waste gas containing nitrogen oxides is contacted with an aqueous solution containing urea and a catalytic amount of bromine or/and chlorine ion.

Abstract: A method of producing gas concrete. A castable mass is prepared by mixing water, a lime component including lime having a t.sub.60 value of less than ten minutes, and a sand component. A calcium sulphate-containing component is subsequently admixed and a rising agent, such as aluminum powder, is subsequently admixed. The mass thus prepared is cast into molds and fabricated into gas concrete by the conventional steps of permitting the mass to rise and harden, cutting the hardened material to size, and hydrothermally curing. The process makes possible the use of readily available inexpensive lime material without the disadvantages normally resulting from use thereof.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxides contained in waste gases can be effectively removed from waste gases by a novel process which comprises contacting the waste gases with activated carbon in the presence of gaseous ammonia at a temperature between about 110.degree. C. and about 350.degree. C. to convert the nitrogen oxides to nitrogen. When waste gases containing sulfur oxides together with nitrogen oxides are subjected to this process, both the nitrogen oxides and the sulfur oxides can be simultaneously removed from the waste gases with a high efficiency. The effects of this process can be enhanced by employing a specific element-supporting activated carbon or an oxidized activated carbon.

Abstract: Boron trichloride is prepared in substantially stoichiometric quantities by free-radical chlorination of borate ester, e.g., trimethyl borate, at temperatures of between about 20.degree. C. and 100.degree. C., more preferably between about 40.degree. C. and about 90.degree. C. The mole ratio of chlorine to borate ester is from about 5.5:1 to about 7.5:1. Reactor pressures are moderate, e.g., generally less than 3 atmospheres absolute. Atmospheric pressure can be used. An inert liquid organic solvent, e.g., carbon tetrachloride, can be used as the reaction medium. Gaseous reaction products are removed from the reactor during the chlorination reaction. In addition to boron trichloride, carbon monoxide (rather than phosgene) and hydrogen chloride are the principal products of the chlorination reaction. Phosgene is produced in substantially lower amounts than when chlorination is conducted at autogeneous pressures and the chlorine:trimethyl borate mole ratio is 9:1 or more.

Abstract: Preparation of the crystalline complex [Na{NH.sub.3.BH.sub.2 -(CN)}.sub.6 from NMe.sub.3.BH.sub.2 I and NaCN in liquid NH.sub.3 is disclosed. Structural details of this novel octahedral complex are obtained by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Evidence indicates that the complex is a valuable antiarthritic agent, since it completely inhibits bacteria-induced chronic arthritis in rats with no evidence of toxic effects. The complex also possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.

Abstract: An aqueous fine coal slurry is stabilized by (a) intimately admixing the aqueous slurry containing between about 30 and about 80 percent fine coal refuse solids by weight with a stabilizing additive comprising Portland cement and (b) allowing the admixture to harden. Preferably the stabilizing additive additionally comprises finely divided blast furnace slag. Also it is preferred that sufficient additive is added so that the slurry will harden to an unconfined compressive strength of at least about 18 psi in less than about two days of addition of the additive.

Abstract: An improvement is provided in the regeneration system of aqueous regenerative processes for the removal of SO.sub.2 from SO.sub.2 -containing gas streams which have a scrubbing system containing (1) a scrubbing zone through which a recirculating stream of sodium or potassium thiosulfate solution continuously passes as a vehicle for the SO.sub.2 absorbent, sodium or potassium carbonate, under conditions favorable to the formation of sulfite by the reaction of carbonate and SO.sub.2 and (2) a thiosulfate generation zone in which the sulfite is converted by reaction with a sulfide to thiosulfate. The improvement comprises converting, in a regeneration system, the net make of thiosulfate to a mixture of sulfide and carbonate by first converting the thiosulfate to sulfate, then reducing the sulfate to sulfide; and thereafter partially carbonating the sulfide to form a mixture of sulfide and carbonate for return to the scrubbing system.

Abstract: Method for reducing NO.sub.x in combustion effluents comprising introducing urea at elevated temperatures in the presence of oxygen, either as a solid or solution in amounts sufficient to reduce the NO.sub.x concentration. Conveniently, the urea may be introduced as a solid powder or as a solution in a hydroxylic solvent, at temperatures in excess of 1300.degree. F. and in the presence of at least 0.1 volume percent oxygen.This invention was made under contract with or supported by the Electric Power Research Institute.

Abstract: A process of reacting in the liquid phase a hexacoordinated ruthenium(II) complex with oxygen in the presence of a source of hydrogen ions under conditions forming hydrogen peroxide and the corresponding hexacoordinated ruthenium(III) complex and reacting the hexacoordinated ruthenium(III) complex with hydrogen sulfide to form elemental sulfur and regenerate the hexacoordinated ruthenium(II) complex, the hexacoordinated ruthenium(III) complex having a reduction potential of not more than +0.68. Five or six of the ligands of the ruthenium complexes are non-labile in both valence states.

Abstract: A liquid or solid hydrocarbon is partially oxidized in the presence of steam and oxygen in a high temperature reducing flame zone to which at least sulfur dioxide is added to consume generated hydrogen and carbon monoxide formed in a second flame zone to form hydrogen sulfide as necessary for a Claus reaction. Elemental sulfur is thermally formed. The gas stream is rapidly cooled to prevent further reactions, then further cooled to condense sulfur. The resultant gas stream is passed to one or more Claus conversion zones where hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide react to form sulfur.