Abstract: The present invention provides a method to determine the extent of neuronal degradation due to aging, a learning disability, or a neurological disorder, which includes: (a) stimulating a neuronal cell population under suitable conditions so as to induce a late-phase long term potentiation; (b) stimulating a normal neuronal cell population under suitable conditions so as to induce a late-phase long term potentiation; and (c) comparing the duration of the late-phase long term potentiation of the neuronal cell population in step (a) with that of the normal neuronal cell population of step (b) so as to determine the extent of neuronal degradation due to aging, the learning disability or the neurological disorder. The learning disability or neurological disorder may be Alzheimer's Disease, a degenerative disorder associated with learning, memory or cognitive dysfunction, cerebral senility, multi-infarct dementia and senile dementia, electric shock induced amnesia or amnesia.

Abstract: New methods and compositions suitable for the vaccination of poultry against pathogenic Escherichia coli are presented. The invention uses the clonal structure of bacterial populations in order to successfully vaccinate against such poultry pathogens by selecting out closely related non-pathogenic organisms. Live E. coli are used to effect immunization.

Abstract: This application relates to novel polysubstituted benzimidazoles and compositions and their use in the treatment of viral infections. The polysubstituted benzimidazoles and compositions of the present invention exhibit antiviral properties against viruses of the herpes family, particularly human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and herpes simplex viruses (HSV).

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for synthesizing a compound having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R is H, as well as related oligosaccharides useful as a vaccine for inducing antibodies to human breast cancer cells in an adjuvant therapy therefor.

Abstract: A process for the isolation of a lipid fraction containing Z & E guggulsterones useful as cholesterol lowering drug, which comprises soaking/soxhlet extracting the powdered aerial part of the plant C. wightii with a non polar solvent, filtering/deanting the extract, soaking the material again in a polar solvent, filtering and concentrating the extracted material under reduced pressure as to obtain a thick viscous extract, and subjecting the thick viscous extract to gel filteration/silica gel chromatography to obtain Z & E ketosteroid containing lipid fraction exhibiting hypolipidemic activity.

Abstract: Compositions for identifying lead compounds for pharmacological agents useful in the diagnosis or treatment of neurological disease or injury include mixtures comprising an isolated netrin and an isolated natural netrin receptor such as "Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma" (DCC) and neogenin. The general methods involve incubating a mixture of an isolated mammalian netrin, an isolated natural mammalian netrin receptor, and a candidate pharmacological agent, and determining if the presence of the agent modulates the binding of the netrin to the receptor.

Abstract: This invention describes a rhesus receptor, designated the rhesus Y1 receptor, having affinity for neuropeptide Y, pancreatic polypeptide, and peptide YY. This invention also encompasses nucleic acids encoding this receptor, or a fragment thereof, as well as methods employing this receptor and the nucleic acid compounds.

Abstract: Novel, substantially isolated isoforms of human platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1's, DNAs coding for transcripts that encode the novel isoforms and others, including a previously identified soluble isoform, methods of using such DNAs to make isoforms by expressing the DNA's, and promoter segments controlling transcription of human platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 genes are provided. The novel isoforms differ from the complete human platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1's in lacking one or more segments near the C-terminus encoded by exons 10-15 of the genes for the full length molecules and arise in vivo from alternative splicing of the transcript from the genes.

Abstract: The propylene oxide and styrene co-production process generates a heavy residue byproduct containing metals, mainly sodium, which previously was adequate for use only as low quality fuel. According to the invention, the heavy residue is dehydrated in the presence of a strong inorganic acid at temperatures of 150-250.degree. C. and pressures below the atmospheric pressure to yield styrene and recover 2-phenylethanol, a compound used in the perfume industry, and a heavy residue substantially free of metals that may be used as fuel.

Abstract: Water-soluble quaternary ammonium cellulosic derivatives of controlled charge density are disclosed. These derivatives are useful in cosmetic preparations, such as hair and skin formulations, for example hair conditioners. These quaternized cellulosic derivatives are useful as thickeners, conditioners, film formers, fixatives, emulsifiers, or additives in hair or skin formulations to improve combing, manageability, body, curl retention, moisture resistance, and binding of ingredients to keratin. Compared to existing agents, these compounds have improved temperature stability, improved interactions with surfactants (such as in shampoos), improved binding to keratin, improved mechanical properties, and can mend split ends on hair. A major advantage of these compounds is that they may be applied to hair directly from an aqueous solution, and do not require a volatile organic compound solvent as carrier.

Abstract: Probes labeled with 1,2-dioxetane precursors can be employed in a variety of assays. The probes may be nucleic acid, peptide nucleic acid, proteins including enzyme, antibody or antigen, steroid, carbohydrate, drug or non-drug hapten. The probe is provided with a 1,2-dioxetane precursor bound thereto, generally either covalently, or a strong ligand bond. The dioxetane precursor moiety is converted to a bound 1,2-dioxetane by exposure to singlet oxygen. These dioxetane (labels) either spontaneously decompose, or are induced to decompose by an appropriate trigger to release light. The trigger may be a change in pH temperature, or an agent which removes a protective group. Assay formats in which these 1,2-dioxetane labeled probes and referents may be used to include hybridization assays, immuno assays, gel-based assays and Capillary Zone Electrophoresis.

Abstract: The present invention concerns soluble betaglycan for use in promoting the healing of wounds or fibrotic disorders with reduced scarring, together with methods for same.

Abstract: The invention relates to certain oxypurine nucleosides, congeners of such oxypurine nucleosides, and acyl derivatives thereof, and compositions which contain at least one of these compounds. The invention also relates to methods of treating or preventing hematopoietic disorders and modifying hematopoiesis, and treating or preventing inflammatory diseases and bacterial infections by administering a compound or composition of the present invention to an animal.

Abstract: A composition, system, articles and method for the enhancement of clotting in wounds with extravascular blood flow, especially where the surface of the tissue has been broken is described. The system consists of biotolerable, porous particulates applied to the surface of a wound with liquid blood thereon. The porous nature of the particulate material, either free-flowing or packaged or restrained on or in a surface, enhances clotting. Chemical or biochemical agents, such as additional clotting agents, therapeutic agents, antibiotics, clot strengthening agents (such as fibrous structural materials), and the like may optionally be included on, with or within the porous particles. The particles may comprise such diverse materials as organics, metallics, inorganics, ceramics, and the like, both natural and artificial. It is generally preferred that the pore size distribution lies within a general range, and this range may vary from animal to animal and condition to condition, but generally falls within about 0.

Abstract: A novel endo-fucoidan-lyase and a novel microorganism useful in the production of sugar compounds. Sugar compounds represented by the following general formula (1), wherein at least one of alcoholic hydroxyl group has been sulfated, or salts thereof: ##STR1## wherein Y represents hydrogen or a group represented by the following formula (2).

Abstract: The invention relates to certain oxypurine nucleosides, congeners of such oxypurine nucleosides, and acyl derivatives thereof, and compositions which contain at least one of these compounds. The invention also relates to methods of treating or preventing hematopoietic disorders and modifying hematopoiesis, and treating or preventing inflammatory diseases and bacterial infections by administering a compound or composition of the present invention to an animal.

Abstract: A process for the optical resolution of racemic 3-(p-chlorophenyl)glutaramide (GAM) into its R isomer R--COOH and its S isomer S--COOH, which process includes the steps of either:(1) reacting racemic 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-glutaramide dissolved in a suitable solvent with S-(-)-.alpha.-methylbenzylamine of the formula H.sub.2 N--S'(2) precipitating out of the solution of step (1) R--CO.sub.2.sup.-.H.sub.3.sup.+ N--S';(3) dissolving the precipitate of step (2) in water, with the addition of a suitable acid; and(4) precipitating out of the solution of step (3) R--COOH; or(5) reacting racemic -3-(p-chlorophenyl)-glutaramide dissolved in a suitable solvent with R-(+)-.alpha.-methylbenzylamine of the formula H.sub.2 N--R';(6) precipitating out of the solution of step (5) S--CO.sub.2.sup.-.H.sub.3.sup.+ N--R';(7) dissolving the precipitate of step (6) in water, with the addition of a suitable acid, and(8) precipitating out of the solution of step (7) S--COOH.

Abstract: Methyl 2-(chloro- or bromomethyl)phenylacetate is prepared by treating 3-isochromanone with thionyl chloride or thionyl bromide in the presence of methanol.

Abstract: This invention relates to the treatment of atherosclerosis via raising the level of HDL cholesterol by administration of a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-6 Ph where Ph is phenyl optionally substituted by halogen, cyano, nitro, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxycarbonyl, --CO.sub.2 H or OH;R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl;R.sup.5 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, or --(CH.sub.2).sub.0-6 Ar.sup.1 where Ar.sup.1 is phenyl naphthyl, furanyl, pyridinyl or thienyl and Ar.sup.1 can be optionally substituted by halogen, cyano, nitro, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, phenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy, phenoxy, tifluoromethyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxycarbonyl, --CO.sub.2 H or OH; andAr is phenyl, naphthyl, furanyl, pyridinyl or thienyl or Ar is optionally substituted by halogen, cyano, nitro, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A reduced temperature crystallization process for the obtaining fludarabine phosphate at a purity of at least 99.5%.