Abstract: A process for removing nitrogen oxides and/or sulfur oxides and/or hydrogen chloride out of a gas, for example from the combustion of fuel or the incineration of waste, by injecting a mixture of a peroxide compound such as sodium percarbonate and an alkali metal salt such as alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal bicarbonates and solid solutions of alkali metal carbonate and alkali metal bicarbonate into the gas and filtering the gas in bag filter, cyclone or electrostatic separator.

Abstract: A process is provided for conditioning fly-ash present in flue gas which also contains sulfur dioxide and steam by subjecting the fly-ash containing flue gas to ultraviolet radiation so as to convert steam present in the flue gas into hydroxyl radicals which oxidizes about 5 to 10 percent of the sulfur dioxide in the flue gas into sulfur trioxide. This photo-produced sulfur trioxide conditions the fly-ash and renders it more easily separated in the electrostatic precipitator.

Abstract: A method of destroying halogenated compounds by a vapor phase chemical reaction using an alkali metal vapor, alkaline earth metal vapor, or a combination of the two, in a heated reactor to produce mineralized or solid products. The production of solid products, such as halide salts and particulate carbon, yields numerous advantages in the collection and disposal of the resulting products. The invention is especially useful for the destruction of chlorofluorocarbons.

Abstract: In a process for treating a gas containing hydrogen sulphide and sulphur dioxide, such as Claus plant tail gas, to substantially reduce emission of sulphur vapor in the treated gases, the process a characterized in that the gas is brought into contact with a solvent (5) in at least one gas-liquid reactor-contactor (2) and a gas (20) is recovered which is sent to a second reactor (102) where it is brought into contact with solvent (105), the solvent (105) being cooled by suitable means (190), to separate a portion of the sulphur from the solvent. The resultant solvent depleted in sulphur, contacts the gas (20) from the first reactor (2). The gas (120) from the second reactor is highly depleted in sulphur vapor. At least one of the reactors contains a catalyst. The solvent may be insoluble in water, e.g. dodecane, tridecane, naphtha, or soluble in water, e.g. glycerol, thiodiglycol, cyclohexanedimethylethanol, or an acid ester. The catalyst may comprise, e.g.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel crystalline material Si.sub.x C.sub.y N.sub.z possessing a direct optical band gap of 3.8 eV. Many optoelectronic applications, such as blue light emitting diode and laser diode, may utilize this property.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing hydrogen sulfide from a molten sulfur stream containing hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen polysulfides by mixing the molten sulfur stream with a degassed molten sulfur stream in an eductor to form a mixture, contacting the mixture with a finely dispersed gaseous oxidant stream, separating hydrogen sulfide from the mixture and recovering molten sulfur having a reduced hydrogen sulfide content.

Abstract: The process of this invention prepares a hydrogen and carbon monoxide rich gas stream by passing a hydrocarbon feedstock mixed with steam to a tubular reaction with a thin layer of film of a steam reforming catalyst supported on the inner walls thereof; passing the effluent from the tubular reaction to a fixed bed steam reforming catalyst; and withdrawing from the fixed bed a hydrogen and carbon dioxide rich product gas, said tubular reactors being heated burning of fuel. Optionally, the feed to the tubular reactor herein designated the second tubular reactor, may be the effluent from a similar tubular reactor, herein designated the first tubular reactor in heat conducting relationship with hot flue gas from the second reactor.

Abstract: Elemental sulfur is recovered from the hydrogen sulfide present in natural gas or other process gases by passing the hydrogen sulfide contaminated gas through a hydrogen sulfide absorber so as to obtain a natural or other process gas having a diminished amount of hydrogen sulfide and stripping the hydrogen sulfide out the resulting hydrogen sulfide rich solution so as to obtain a hydrogen sulfide rich gas; feeding the hydrogen sulfide rich gas and sulfur dioxide into a reactor so that the following reaction takes occurs, 2H.sub.2 S+SO.sub.2 .fwdarw.3/2S.sub.2 +2H.sub.2 O under such conditions that there is approximately a 50 percent stoichiometric excess of hydrogen sulfide; combusting the residual, unreacted hydrogen sulfide to convert it into sulfur dioxide, and passing the resulting sulfur dioxide back into the reactor where the reaction between hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide occurs.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the treatment of incineration residues which are produced, for example, in the incineration of domestic waste, in which method said residues are treated with gas containing CO.sub.2. In the treatment, microorganisms may be used which are already present naturally in the incineration residues or can be added thereto. The invention furthermore relates to the use of incineration residues as absorption material for the removal of CO.sub.2 from exhaust gases.

Abstract: Process for removing mercury from a gas contaminated with mercury vapor, comprising the steps of cooling the contaminated gas, removing water vapor from the cooled gas and filtering the dehydrated gas through a medium comprised of pure elemental sulfur. The mercury bound to the medium may be removed by heating liquid carbon disulfide to form a carbon disulfide vapor, cooling the carbon disulfide vapor so that liquid carbon disulfide is formed, spraying the liquid carbon disulfide over the medium containing the bound mercury, so as to remove the mercury from the medium and allowing elemental sulfur to dissolve into the liquid carbon disulfide and allowing said elemental mercury to separate away from the elemental sulfur/carbon disulfide solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to new compositions based on ceric oxide having an improved oxygen storage capacity, these compositions being characterized in that they contain, besides ceric oxide, at least one oxide of another metallic element M chosen from the group consisting of iron, bismuth, nickel, tin and chromium or one of their mixtures, this oxide preferably being in solid solution with the abovementioned cerium oxide. The process of synthesis of these compositions consists in first of all preparing an intimate mixture between (i) a ceric oxide or a ceric hydroxide and (ii) at least one additive consisting of a hydroxide or a salt, thermally decomposable to an oxide, of the metallic element M, and in then calcining this mixture so as to obtain the desired composition based on oxides. The compositions according to the invention are particularly useful in the manufacture of catalysts and/or catalyst supports, especially those intended for treating exhaust gases from internal combustion engines.

Abstract: Methods for catalyzing the low temperature, oxidative destruction of organic matter, particularly the incomplete combustion products of carbon-containing fuels such as fossil fuels. The methods and systems utilize a catalytically reactive media that is suspended by moving air within a reaction chamber and that is maintained at a temperature sufficient to cause the suspended media particles, typically silica sand, silica gel, or alumina, to become catalytically reactive in the presence of moisture. Typically, the reaction chamber is maintained at a temperature in a range from about 200.degree. C. to about 500.degree. C. Moisture may be provided by the organic matter, although additional moisture may be introduced into the reaction chamber in order to maintain reactivity of the media particles. The apparatus can be adapted to be used in combination with diesel engines or other internal combustion engines and industrial burners.

Abstract: Food grade carbon dioxide is produced from oxyfuel fired glassmaking furnace waste gas by a series of steps including quenching the waste gas with aqueous quench liquid, dry-filtering sulfur salt from the gas, scrubbing the filtered gas with aqueous carbonate to convert the remaining sulfur dioxide to an aqueous sulfite suspension and using the suspension as part or all of the above-mentioned aqueous quench liquid, contacting the sulfur dioxide-free waste gas with ammonia in the presence of a catalyst that selectively converts nitrogen oxides to nitrogen, thereby removing substantially all nitrogen oxides from the waste gas, and distilling the resulting waste gas stream thereby producing high purity liquid carbon dioxide and producing an off-gas, which is recycled to the furnace as fuel.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and a process for converting a hydrocarbon stream such as, for example, a C.sub.9 + aromatic compound to C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylenes are disclosed. The catalyst composition comprises an aluminosilicate, and a metal wherein the weight ratio of aluminum to silicon is in the range of from about 0.002:1 to about 0.6:1. The process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon stream with the catalyst composition under a condition sufficient to effect the conversion of a hydrocarbon to a C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A device for generating oxygen by the thermal decomposition of a chemical located in a cartridge housing is improved such that a profile of the oxygen release can be set in a simple manner. To accomplish this a delivery line drawing off the oxygen generated is connected to a longitudinal side of the cartridge housing.

Abstract: Processes for the catalytic combustion of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, or mixtures thereof (processes with one or more catalytic stages) and processes of abating the pollution produced by the exhaust gases of vehicles that run on natural gas using a non-selective oxidation catalyst. The non-selective oxidation catalyst comprises a monolithic substrate, a porous support with a refractory inorganic oxide base and an active phase that consists of cerium, zirconium, iron, and at least one metal that is selected from the group that is formed by palladium and platinum is described; with the porous support content being between 200 and 400 g per liter of catalyst; with the cerium content being between 0.3 and 20% by weight relative to the porous support; with the zirconium content being between 0.3 and 20% by weight relative to the porous support; with the iron content being between 0.01 and 3.

Abstract: A process for preparing a LiCoO.sub.2 or LiNiO.sub.2 powder comprising the steps of dissolving lithium nitrate, lithium acetate or lithium hydroxide and cobalt nitrate, cobalt acetate, cobalt oxide or cobalt hydroxide; or dissolving lithium nitrate, lithium acetate or lithium hydroxide, and nickel nitrate, nickel acetate, nickel oxide or nickel hydroxide to produce a mixed solution, sufficiently mixing the mixed solution with a chelating agent, polyacrylic acid, malic acid or polyvinyl butyral, slowly heating the above to produce a sol, continuously and slowly heating the sol to produce a gel precursor, heating the gel precursor to produce a precursor powder, and calcining the precursor powder to produce a LiCoO.sub.2 or LiNiO.sub.2 powder is simple and economic. The particles of the powder produced by the process are so microscopic and have a high specific surface area that cathode material of a lithium based secondary cell using the powder shows preferable properties.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for the production of iron oxides having low chloride ion content comprising charging of a free HCl containing iron chloride solution into a spray roaster with a feeding device and a spray boom for charging the iron chloride containing solution into a reaction chamber heated by combustion gases thermally decomposing the solution into iron oxide, HCl gas and reaction gases a discharging device for the iron oxide and a cooling zone between the burner's focal plane and the discharging device cooling of iron oxide granules to temperatures at less than 450.degree. C. reducing the concentration of HCl gas to less than 10 volume percent charging the layer of iron oxide granules onto a conveyor plate charged with hot steam and feeding the exhaust gases into the central combustion duct of the spray roaster. The resulting iron oxide has a residual chloride ion content of less than 500 ppm Cl.sup.- and a specific surface area in excess of 3.5 m.sup.3 /g.

Abstract: An alumina solid is obtainable by a process comprising the step of contacting in a liquid medium at least one alumina precursor with at least one template comprising a membrane lipid or a mixture of two or more thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing a tungsten oxide precursor solution that includes converting a peroxypolytungstate solution to a stable oxide polytungstate solution. The precursor solution may subsequently be transformed to tungsten oxide having electrochromic properties.