Abstract: A method and an apparatus wherein a light beam is passed through a slit oscillating with respect to the beam, and a periodic signal is obtained from the beam portion traversing the slit. The periodic signal is split into its spectral components. Moment values are derived from the values of the amplitudes of such components.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of maintaining the power of the output of a xenon chloride laser. The gases in the lasing chamber are circulated between the lasing chamber and a reforming chamber. In the reforming chamber, the gases are contacted with at least one metal chloride which is chemically less stable than hydrogen chloride. The temperature of the metal chloride in the reforming chamber is maintained between the condensation temperature of hydrogen chloride and the dissociation temperature of the metal chloride used. Also disclosed is apparatus for performing this method.

Abstract: Passive ring resonator laser gyro. The gyro eliminates the need for separate frequency control devices for the two counter propagating beams. A semiconductor laser diode, the source, is switched between two frequencies and its output is coupled into a branching waveguide. The light in the waveguide is coupled into a resonant ring waveguide and then sampled by detectors. The laser current is switched at a fixed rate between two values. The values are selected such as to cause the laser output to switch between the resonant frequencies of the two directions of propagation in the ring. These values are determined by a resonance tracking servo. The disclosed laser gyro eliminates the need for active frequency controlled devices in the waveguide structure resulting in less noise, better signal, and reduced cost.

Abstract: A non-phase-matchable nonlinear plate such as amorphous zinc sulfide or zinc selenide is inserted in front of a conventional streak image generator with high sensitivity to visible radiation to produce an infrared streak camera arrangement with improved sensitivity and decreased cost.

Abstract: For a voltage follower unity gain amplifier, used, for instance, as a buffer in a transceiver associated with a data bus, the input signal is fed forward to a comparator (T2-T3) to which the output is also applied. The input is also applied via an amplifier stage (T5-T6) to a transistor (T4) in the commoned circuit of the comparator, which is a long-tailed pair. Thus, with a connection from the output of the circuit which includes another transistor (T9), provides negative feedback round the comparator, gives a highly stable current.

Abstract: A method within adjusting values of a passive temperature compensation network for use in an oscillator includes the steps of determining the frequency variation of the oscillator from nominal over a specified temperature range, determining the maximum frequency variation over the temperature range, and recalculating the performance of the circuit over the temperature range utilizing reduced values for the temperature compensation components therein. The oscillation frequency can be utilized as the controlled parameter to a laser based component trimming system. Power is applied to the oscillator and the compensation component is trimmed until the circuit oscillates at the specified target frequency.

Abstract: An electrically controlled pattern tracer selectively uses stored detected pattern information from a sensor differently depending upon the value of a selected entered kerf entered to control the tracing element to follow a pattern turn. The tracer also distinguishes one type of pattern turn from another and delays use of stored pattern information for control of the tracing element by different amounts depending upon the type of turn detected and the entered kerf.

Abstract: In the optical head, laser beams are converged by the objective lens and projected on the light-receiving surface of the optical disk. The diverged laser beam is reflected by the light-receiving surface, converged by the objective lens into parallel laser beams, and directed to the light shielding plate. Only the laser beam passing through the region spaced from the optical axis is picked up by the light shielding plate, and part of this laser beam is converged by a convergent lens and projected on photo insensitive and first and second photo sensitive regions of the photo detecting unit. The regions of the photo detecting unit are deviated by .DELTA. from a back focal point of the convergent lens, and the optical axis of the convergent lens passes through one of the first and second photo sensitive regions. The photo insensitive region has a width d which is not more than twice the larger of absolute values .vertline.h3(.DELTA., .delta.c).vertline. and .vertline.h3(.DELTA., -.delta.C).vertline.

Abstract: An infrared laser energy generating apparatus, specifically a transverse excited atmospheric (TEA) laser generating apparatus incorporating a low pressure gain cell and tunable reflecting means to eliminate mode-beating and gain-spiking of the laser beam, to select a given lasing transition, and to accomplish this selection and filtering of a high power, large diameter laser beam using smaller diameter optical components.

Abstract: In an optical head, a laser beam emitted from a laser unit is converged by an objective lens and is projected toward a light reflecting layer of an optical disk. The laser beam reflected by the light reflecting layer is directed toward a light shielding plate through the objective lens. One part of the laser beam is shielded by the light shielding plate, and the other part thereof is converged by the projection lens and is projected on the photo sensitive regions. When the objective lens is kept in the just in-focusing state, a differential signal between photo signals generated from the photo sensitive regions is maintained at zero level. The differential signal is set at zero level when the objective lens is located at a transition point corresponding to a distance .delta.tf within the defocusing range. The beam spot formed by the light beam when the objective lens is located in the transition point extends outside the photo sensitive regions.

Abstract: In an optical head, a laser beam emitted from a laser unit is collimated by a collimater lens and is transmitted through a polarized beam splitter and .lambda./4 plate. The collimated laser beam is converged onto a recording layer of an optical disk by an objective lens. A beam spot corresponding to the beam waist of the converged laser beam is formed on the recording layer in a just-in-focusing state and a beam spot larger than the beam spot corresponding to the beam waist is formed on the recording layer in a defocusing state. The laser beam reflected from the recording layer passes through the objective lens and is .lambda./4 plate and refrected by the polarized beam splitter. The polarized beam splitter has first and second beam emerging surfaces the first beam emerging surface being arranged perpendicularly to the optical axis and second beam emerging surface being arranged at a predetermined angle to the first beam emerging surface.

Abstract: In a machine cloth is disposed a guide line which extends in the crosswise direction of the cloth. The configuration of the guide line is sensed by sensors and is displayed on a screen so that distortions or deviations in the machine cloth becomes visible to the operators who may rapidly take measures to correct the incorrect position of the machine cloth.

Abstract: An oxygen-iodine laser system that includes a source of gaseous singlet delta oxygen O.sub.2 ('.DELTA.) and a source of gaseous iodine monochloride, ICl, that directs their respective gases to manifolds and then to a mixing reacting nozzle. The nozzle discharges the mixed gases into a lasing cavity. When mixed the ICl dissociates into atomic iodine, I, and atomic chlorine, Cl, in the presence of the excited oxygen. The atomic iodine is subsequently excited to I(.sup.2 p1/2) lasing state by the excited oxygen. The lasing cavity, which includes optical means for extracting radiation, includes exhaust ports connected to an exhaust system. The advantage of using ICl in the laser rather than conventional source of atomic iodine is that for a given temperature the operating pressure of the laser can be higher without encountering efficiency reducing condensation of the iodine.

Abstract: A gas laser tube assembly includes:a gas laser tube having two ends; andtwo optical elements each vacuum-tightly closing off a respective one of the ends of the gas laser tube, at least one of the optical elements at one end of the gas laser tube including a flange and a terminating body formed of a given material;the flange:being rigid, being formed of a metal thermally matched to the given material of the terminating body, being inserted into and connected to the gas laser tube, having the shape of a washer with two sides and a central beam passage opening formed therein, and having a meandering profile with a plurality of right angle turns immediately following each other and pointing alternatingly toward one of the sides of the flange; andthe terminating body:being formed of a material transparent to laser radiation, having the shape of a plate, being inserted into the beam passage opening, being connected to the flange by glass solder, and being extended beyond the tangential plane of both of the sides o

Abstract: Imaging apparatus including an image intensifier and first and second assemblies for filtering or color encoding incident light before it is received by the image intensifier, and produced light emitted from the image intensifier, respectively. An objective lens and an eyepiece are provided for passing the incident light to the first filtering assembly and for passing the produced light to a predetermined location, preferably to an observer. The first and second filtering or encoding assemblies remove from the light, components falling within at least one predetermined range of frequencies. The filtering assemblies may be two disks, an input disk and an output disk, positioned on opposing sides of the image intensifier. Each disk may have one or more filters. Each filter is adapted for removing from the light all components except those having a wavelength falling within a predetermined range of wavelengths.

Abstract: An image reader having a high sensitive detection system for detecting a variation in a first light quantity to generate a first output, a low sensitive detection system for detecting a variation in a second light quantity to generate a second output where the second light quantity is greater than the said first light quantity, and a signal composing circuit for receiving the outputs of the high and low sensitive detection systems, each of the detection systems being so disposed as to detect simultaneously or substantially simultaneously a ray bundle from a picture element of a picture, and the output of the signal composing circuit being (a) the output of the high sensitive detection system when the received light quantity is smaller than a threshold light quantity which can be detected with substantially the same degree of accuracy by both the detection systems or (b) the sum of (i) the output of the low sensitive detection system and (ii) the difference between the outputs of the detection systems at the t

Abstract: A model gun (MG) generates an infrared beam (L) simultaneously with ignition of a gun powder cap. The infrared beam is detected by a sensor (2) positioned in the center of a target. In response to a "hit", different forms of visual display are generated.

Abstract: A focusing apparatus for projection optical system is provided with a projection optical system and an image-forming optical system. The projection optical system is disposed to project an image of an alignment mark formed on a photo mask or reticle onto a light-reflective substrate and also to reverse-project onto the photo mask the light image of the alignment mark projected on and reflected by the substrate. The image-forming optical system forms an overlap image from the reverse-projected reflected image and the alignment mark on the photo mask.

Abstract: An image readout element of an image readout sensor for reading image information comprises an insulation substrate which transmits light, a pair of electrodes opposite to each other which are deposited on the substrate, and a photoconductive layer coated on the substrate and the pair of electrodes, the photoconductive layer comprising particles showing photoconductive characteristics and a resin material for dispersing and binding the photoconductive particles. There are provided a plurality of the sensor element in a single image readout sensor, and one of each pair of electrodes is arranged in parallel with one of the other pairs of electrodes.

Abstract: A highly aligned optical device which includes an optical element with an optical surface to which are attached electrodes in which is installed in a housing which includes a transparent enclosure for defining a lens. The optical element is very carefully aligned in three dimensions within the transparent enclosure lens and the lens surface is specially contoured to optimize the mechanical/optical characteristics of the device. The device may be an emitter in which case the device is instrumental for generating a very narrow collimated beam of LED rays, or a detector with a special lens which receives the narrow beam of LED rays and focuses the beam to fill the optically active area of detectors to maximize and optimize the current transfer ratio between the emitter and the detector over distances.