Abstract: Provided are a surface emitting laser device having an optical sensor, and an optical waveguide device employing the same. The surface emitting laser device having an optical sensor includes a surface emitting laser formed on a substrate and generating a laser beam to output it to outside, and an optical sensor formed adjacent to the surface emitting laser on the substrate and receiving external light. In the surface emitting laser device having the optical sensor, and the optical waveguide device employing the same, the surface emitting laser and the optical sensor are simultaneously integrated, however, the performance of the surface emitting laser is unaffected by the optical sensor and the optical sensor operates separately, exhibits high performance, and can respond within a wide wavelength band.

Abstract: In color reading including an infrared light source, light reflected by a document focuses on a light-receiving part of a sensor IC with different conjugate lengths, due to color aberration of the rod-lens. Since the wavelength of the infrared light is relatively long, the deterioration of the reading resolution appears to be extensive. Here, when reading a document such as a valuable security or a paper bill, a defocusing phenomenon has been prevented, and when reading by infrared light, a high accurate reading characteristic has been realized. As a solution, light is irradiated from a light output window (101a) of a light source (101) and reflected by a document (8), and an infrared light shielding area is provided on a bottom face of a glass (51) placed in an optical path of the light reflected by the document (8), between the document (8) and a sensor IC (3).

Abstract: A device for interacting with an interface surface provided on a substrate, the interface surface including coded data disposed therein or thereon. The device includes at least one sensor for sensing at least some of the coded data and a processor for generating first data using the sensed coded data. The first data is indicative of an identity of the interface surface and a position of the device relative to the interface surface, and is transferred to a computer system by a transmitter. The computer system uses the first data to determine a page description, and from this display data indicative of information to be printed. The display data is transferred to the device to allow the device to present information relating to the display data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for protecting a photodiode of an optical receiver from overload optical signals by monitoring an operating parameter of the photodiode, determining if the operating parameter indicates that the photodiode is in a potential overload state in which the photodiode is susceptible to an overload optical signal; and applying a predetermined safe gain setting to the photodiode if a potential overload state is detected. The potential overload state may be a loss of signal condition, or detection of an overload optical power incident the photodiode.

Abstract: Refractive optical systems having first and second lens systems are transmissive to infrared radiation. The first lens system includes one of BaF2 and CaF2. An exemplary second lens system includes an optical material selected from at least spinel, MgF2, and aluminum oxynitride. Such exemplary refractive optical systems provide correction of chromatic aberration in multiple wavelength bands.

Abstract: The invention relates to stereoscopic display system having a single display (7). Right and left partial images are sequentially displayed on the display (7). For the viewing, two separate component beam paths (21, 22) for viewing only left partial images (21) and only right partial images (22) and a switchover device (5, 9) are provided. The switchover device (5, 9) couples in the data, which is shown on the display, from a common part of the viewing beam path alternately into the two separate component beam paths in synchronism with the display of the right and left partial images on the display. In one embodiment, the switchover device includes a polarization switch (5) and a polarization beam splitter (9). The polarization switch (5) is arranged either in the illuminating beam path or in the common part of the viewing beam path.

Abstract: An apparatus for modulating information bearing symbols onto an optical carrier includes a polybinary coder that operates on a binary information signal to produce an envelope compatible polybinary signal; and an optical single sideband modulator that modulates an optical carrier with the envelope compatible polybinary signal to produce a single sideband optical signal. This provides an improvement over both polybinary signaling and optical single sideband. This action combines the chromatic dispersion advantages of SSB modulation with the DC level and bandwidth reduction of duo-binary coding.

Abstract: The object is to provide a zoom lens system with an angle of view 2&ohgr; of about 74.1° to 11.8°, a zoom ratio of about 6.6, ultimately small in diameter and compact, being composed of less number of elements, and having high cost performance and superb optical performance. The system includes, in order from an object, a first lens group having positive refractive power, a second lens group having negative refractive power, at least one lens group, and a lens group Gm having positive refractive power as a whole. Zooming is carried out by changing an air space between the first lens group and the second lens group. The lens group Gm consists of, in order from the object, a positive lens component having a convex surface facing to an image side and a negative lens component having a concave surface facing to the object side. Particular conditions are satisfied.

Abstract: For optical determination of ingredients of a pourable product by NIR spectroscopy, to attain replicable measurement results, the device provides that the product flows in the direction of gravity; that a valve is disposed in the conduit downstream of the measurement window and a controller is embodied to move the valve to its closed position at least for the duration of measurement. The method is distinguished in that the product flows in the direction of gravity pas a measurement site; is dammed up downstream of the measurement site in such a way that the flow comes to rest at the measurement site; is dammed up in the direction of gravity past a measurement site; is dammed up downstream of the measurement site in such a way that the flow comes to rest at the measurement site; and after the measurement, the product is removed from the stagnant segment.

Abstract: An optical apparatus having a temperature compensating function includes an optical element holding frame arranged to hold an optical element, a support member arranged to support the optical element holding frame for movement in a direction of an optical axis and having a cam for moving the optical element holding frame in the direction of the optical axis, and a correction member arranged to expand or contract in a direction orthogonally intersecting the optical axis according to temperature variation, wherein the optical element holding frame rotates in association with expansion or contraction of the correction member so as to be moved in the direction of the optical axis along the cam of the support member.