Abstract: Hydrofining catalysts comprising cobalt and/or nickel oxides plus molybdenum and/or tungsten oxides are presulfided with mixed sulfiding agents comprising (1) a liquid phase heavy mineral oil fraction containing native organic sulfur and (2) a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and H.sub.2 S, the contacting being carried out at temperatures sufficiently high to convert some but not more than about 90% of the organic sulfur in the mineral oil fraction to H.sub.2 S.

Abstract: A hydrotreating catalyst is regenerated as it concurrently hydrotreats a hydrocarbon fuel by introducing a low concentration of oxygen into the catalyst bed either continuously or periodically. At low oxygen concentrations the carbon deposits on the catalyst are burned off without harming the catalyst and without significantly affecting the hydrotreating process. In a preferred embodiment the hydrotreating process is hydrodesulfurization, and regenerating is done periodically with oxygen concentrations between 0.1 and 0.5 volume percent.

Abstract: A novel method of preparing a non-stochiometric vanadium sulfide catalyst utilized in the processing of hydrocarbon feedstocks containing asphaltenes and organometallic compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method of catalyst presulfiding, wherein the catalyst is treated with elemental sulfur. The use of elemental sulfur as a catalyst presulfiding agent is a means of rapidly and reproducibly attaining a highly active catalyst.

Abstract: A feed of mixed butenes is subjected to a combination process comprising skeletal isomerization, disproportionation, and appropriate fractionation to yield separate streams of isobutane, normal butane, and isoamylenes which can be dehydrogenated to isoprene.

Abstract: Waxy, normally solid hydrocarbons are alkylated to form liquid hydrocarbons boiling in the lube oil range by contacting the wax and a low molecular weight olefin, such as ethylene, with a catalyst comprising a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 carbon atom secondary alcohol at elevated temperature and pressure. This process is useful for making relatively high VI lube oils from wax, for decreasing the pour point of jet fuels and for dewaxing lube oil feedstocks.

Abstract: Intercalation of a Lewis acid fluoride in graphite is effected in the presence of gaseous fluorine. The reaction results in new compositions useful as catalysts and as atmospheric pressure containers for normally gaseous Lewis acid fluorides.

Abstract: An integrated process for regenerating a deactivated or partially deactivated alkylation catalyst comprising fluorosulfuric acid which comprises:(1) contacting said fluorosulfuric acid with water to form an acid-water mixture, thereby converting at least a portion of the fluorosulfuric acid therein to hydrogen fluoride and sulfuric acid;(2) removing at least a portion of the hydrogen fluoride from said acid-water mixture formed in step (1) by contacting same with a paraffin to form a gaseous phase containing hydrogen fluoride and said paraffin;(3) cooling the gaseous phase formed in step (2) by contacting with liquid paraffin to condense a portion of the fluorosulfuric acid present in said gaseous phase, thereby forming a liquid phase and a gaseous phase each containing fluorosulfuric acid and hydrogen fluoride;(4) treating the liquid and gaseous phases formed in step (3) with liquid sulfur trioxide to form a mixture comprising a liquid phase containing regenerated fluorosulfuric acid and a gas phase containi

Abstract: Oil compositions comprising a lubricating oil and an oil-soluble hydrocarbon polymeric viscosity index improver such as ethylene-propylene copolymers are substantially haze-free when said composition contains an anti-hazing amount of an oil-soluble strong acid containing a hydrogen dissociating moiety which has a pK of less than about 2.5, e.g. a C.sub.25 to C.sub.70 hydrocarbyl substituted sulfonic acid. The invention also relates to the process for preparing said compositions.

Abstract: A process and catalyst for the isomerization of normal alkanes is disclosed. The catalyst is a supported solid perfluorinated polymer containing pendent sulfonic acid groups.

Abstract: High octane alkylate can be obtained by alkylating a paraffin with an olefin in the presence of an organic promoter and an alkylation catalyst comprising (1) a strong acid such as halosulfuric acid, trihalomethanesulfonic acid or mixtures thereof and (2) a moderator having at least one oxygen atom per molecule. The amount of organic promoter required to produce an alkylate of enhanced octane has been found to vary with reaction temperature at temperatures above about 0.degree. F. A preferred alkylation catalyst comprises fluorosulfuric acid and water.

Abstract: The reaction product effluent emanating from an isoparaffinic/olefinic, HF-alkylation reactor system, containing normal paraffins, motor fuel, alkylate, unreacted isoparaffins, hydrogen fluoride catalyst and organic fluoride compounds, is separated to recover a motor fuel alkylate product substantially free from fluoride compounds, and having a predetermined volatility, or vapor pressure. Two separation zones are employed to produce an alkylate containing hydrogen fluoride and a normal paraffin stream containing organic fluoride and hydrogen fluoride. Three treating zones afford the recovery of a fluoride-free motor fuel alkylate and a fluoride-free normal paraffin concentrate; a portion of the latter is blended with the former to adjust the volatility to the predetermined level.