Abstract: Pistons are described having improved stiffness of the lower skirt regions to improve piston guidance and oil film distribution. The pistons comprise a crown portion including piston ring grooves and a skirt portion, the skirt portion being divided into an upper skirt region and a lower skirt region and wherein on each side of the plane including the piston axis and the gudgeon in axis the support skirt region includes at least one bearing surface and the lower skirt region comprises a bearing surface supported by two substantially planar skirt wall sections lying in planes forming an acute angle of less than 75.degree. with the plane which includes the piston and gudgeon pin axes, the maximum bearing contact arc of the lower skirt bearing surface lying between 10.degree. and 22.5.degree. either side of the lane which is normal to the gudgeon pin axis and which includes the piston axis.

Abstract: The proportioning valve assembly may be screwed into a complementary-shaped opening in a master cylinder. The valve assembly includes a differential area piston biased by a spring toward the outlet which communicates with the rear brakes. The master cylinder includes a pair of passageways which communicate primary fluid pressure and secondary fluid pressure directly to the differential area piston of the proportioning valve assembly to displace the piston to a balanced position. If there is a failure of pressure in the primary brake circuit, the proportioning valve assembly actuates the differential area piston to permit fluid flow to bypass the piston and be communicated directly to the rear brakes of the vehicle. Upon failure, a differential area sleeve surrounding the piston moves to actuate an electrical failure warning switch.

Abstract: A vacuum brake booster and hydraulic master cylinder arrangement with lost-motion-eliminating abutment between the vacuum booster push rod and the master cylinder piston. The vacuum booster has an input rod, a valve, a power piston, and an adjustable length output push rod. A first spring biases the power piston to the rest position but exerts a force less than the counter-force exerted by atmospheric pressure on the input side portion of the power piston extending from the booster housing. A second spring urges the cylinder piston into contact with the push rod. This second spring is stronger than the first spring so that when vacuum is applied in the rest position the action of the two springs exerts a net force sufficient to balance the force exerted on the power piston exterior by atmospheric pressure and also maintains the push rod in constant contact with the master cylinder piston to minimize the overall actuation lost stroke of the assembly.

Abstract: The present invention includes an overhung turbine wheel which is provided with at least one ring of turbine blades and is connected with a shaft. In order to control the thermodynamically required circumferential speeds necessary to achieve maximum efficiency, the turbine wheel is designed as a closed disk which is narrow in the axial direction. The turbine wheel is integral with the turbine blades and furthermore is connected to the shaft through planar connecting surfaces having interfitting teeth. The turbine wheel has a relatively low mass, and the interfitting teeth allow a simple and optimal centering connection. Radial-flow turbines of this kind are standardized in model series, the turbine wheels and shafts in each case being provided with similar interfitting teeth to allow mutual combinations as desired.

Abstract: A reciprocating pump for a cryogenic fluid includes a pump cylinder made of a material with low thermal expansivity, a piston displaceable in the pump cylinder, and self-lubricating piston rings made of polytetrafluorethylene held on the circumferential surface of the piston. The rings have a larger thermal expansivity than the pump cylinder. The arrangement allows optimum matching of piston rings and pump cylinder at cryogenic fluid pumping temperatures. The piston has a core made of a material with relatively large thermal expansivity which is surrounded by a spacer sleeve made of a material with a low coefficient of thermal expansion. The core protrudes on both sides from the spacer sleeve and has expanding regions increasing conically towards its free ends. The piston rings surround the core in the expanding regions and are supported against the end faces of spacer sleeve. The conical expanding regions bias the rings toward the cylinder at low temperatures to insure effective sealing.

Abstract: Parallel, pulse-width-modulation controlled three-way valves each both supply and exhaust a pressure chamber of a fluid actuator. The phase difference of the oscillator carrier waves of the pulse width modulation input circuit effectively increases the frequency of a net actuator carrier wave so as to quicken the response of the actuator.

Abstract: A pair of shells which form a booster are coupled together by an improved structure. One of either the inner periphery of the opening of the first shell or the outer periphery of the second shell is formed with a projection which projects radially toward the other shell and which is received in a recess formed therein. The engagement between the projection and the recess positively prevents a relative rotation between the shells, and thus avoids the sole reliance upon the resilience of a diaphragm held therebetween, as has been required in the prior art construction. A high accuracy in shaping the shells is thereby not required, facilitating the quality control and allowing a reduction in the manufacturing cost.

Abstract: A bellows assembly is secured to a retainer by extrusions having a mushroom or arrow shaped cross section. Air flowing through the terminal impinges upon an impervious film covering the central portion of the device and is diverted into two flow paths. Initially the flow paths extend between the film and the cutoff plates which coact to form a tight shut off. Downstream of the cutoff plates, the flow paths are between a porous foam covering the bellows and foam surrounding the cutoff plates to provide a sound reducing effect. If necessary or desirable, the back of the retainer may be covered with foam or other suitable sound insulating material.

Abstract: Piston for combustion engines consisting of an upper part forming the piston crown and a lower part forming the piston body. These two piston parts abut via annular contact surfaces in the piston axial direction and are coupled together via a gudgeon pin or a gudgeon pin bushing. In order to arrange such an unscrewed piston in such manner that its upper part need not be constructed to be rigid and heavy as in an articulated piston with pendulum shaft and that the construction of cooling channels between the upper and lower parts is possible without excessive expenditure and the constructional height of the piston can be small, the contact surfaces are mutually prestressed in the direction of the piston axis in that the gudgeon pin bore in the one piston part is arranged to be offset relative to the gudgeon pin bore in the other piston part in the unstressed condition in the direction of the piston axis. In this connection, the offset can amount to 0.5 to 10 parts per thousand of the piston diameter.

Abstract: Hydraulic booster device intended to be arranged in parallel with a primary actuation circuit between an actuator mechanism and a receiver, the device comprising an electromagnetic valve mechanism (10) arranged between an actuator (12) and a pressure-fluid source (16), the actuator (12) comprising a piston means (56, 66, 92) displaceable under the effect of the pressure-fluid and intended to actuate the receiver independently in response to an electrical control signal supplied to the valve mechanism (10).

Abstract: A control system for controlling input power to hydraulic pumps of a hydraulic system including a prime mover and a plurality of variable displacement hydraulic pumps driven by said prime mover. The control system comprises: a first computing unit for computing, for each of the hydraulic pumps, an input torque control value concerning a distribution of input torques of said hydraulic pumps from a representative pressure obtained on the basis of a discharge pressure of at least one other hydraulic pumps; a second computing unit for determining an input torque for each of the hydraulic pumps on the basis of a corresponding one of the input torque control values determined by the first computing unit; and a third computing unit for determining an object discharge rate of each of the hydraulic pumps from the input torque obtained by the second computing unit and an own discharge pressure of each of the hydraulic pumps.

Abstract: A linear hydraulic motor includes a piston rod of conventional steel carrying a fragible piston head movable in a cylinder, the head being designed to break away in the event the cylinder wall is punctured and deformed such that a portion of the cylinder wall becomes an obstacle in the path of the piston. Two or more such motors are frequently connected redundantly to one control surface such that if one motor is damaged, the other can continue to perform its function. The piston head is of a brittle metallic matrix material and includes a conventional seal groove formed on its cylindrical surface.

Abstract: An inlet assembly for a brake master cylinder includes an inlet member made of synthetic resin installed in the cylinder body of the master cylinder which has at least two inlet portions and one outlet portion positioned between the inlet portions at the same side. The master cylinder is connected through the inlet portion to a hose communicating with a reservoir installed in a vehicle body. The inlet member includes a first member integrally formed of a first tubular portion on a cylinder body side of the inlet member which is fitted into an inlet portion of cylinder body, a second tubular portion for operative engagement with the hose, and a second member having a mounting portion for mounting on the cylinder body by apparatus for positioning the inlet member on the cylinder body and an opening portion which is fitted by a boss portion surrounding the outlet portion of cylinder body.

Abstract: A peristrophic internal combustion engine with increased power output has greater torque and reduced friction. The distance of rotation between the inertia weights and the crankpins is increased to increase torque. These transposed inertia weights are embodied in top and bottom journals of the connecting rods and in the pistons assemblies. Each piston assembly includes a top piston-ring-holder piston and a lower, bearing piston joined to reciprocate in the cylinder. The lower bearing piston may have a circumferential ring, cylindrical barrel rollers, or spherical ball bearing arrangement contacting the cylinder wall while the upper piston carries the piston rings. The spherical ball bearing arrangement allows lower piston rotation about the piston axis. Inner and outer cylinder liners increase the cylinder operating life and reduce combustion heat loss through the cylinder wall.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake system includes a hydraulic power booster (11) and a master cylinder (12) connected downstream of the power booster (11). The pressure chamber (21) of the power booster (11) is pressurized by an auxiliary pressure which is dependent on the position of a pedal-actuated brake valve (19). A fast-fill cylinder (40) is can be pressurized by the dynamic pressure and with its aid the working chamber (16) of the master cylinder (12) can be supplied with additional pressure fluid in the initial phase of braking. The chamber (48) between the two piston steps (57, 58) of the fast-fill cylinder connects to the unpressurized supply reservoir (3) by way of a valve assembly (51) for synchronizing the movements of the master cylinder piston (43) and of the stepped piston (45) of the fast-fill cylinder (40). The valve assembly (51) is furnished with the wheel cylinder pressure as a control variable.

Abstract: A servomotor device which includes a power piston and a diaphragm having an inner bead and which is disposed within a housing so as to divide the same into a constant pressure chamber and a variable pressure chamber, the power piston including a hub having a first shoulder faced toward the variable chamber and a second shoulder faced toward the constant pressure chamber, a pressure plate which includes the power piston engaged with the hub and having an inner sleeve portion engageable with the first shoulder so as to prevent movement of the pressure plate toward the constant pressure chamber with respect to hub, a detent portion unitarily formed on the pressure plate and engageable with the second shoulder so as to prevent movement of pressure plate toward the variable pressure chamber with respect to the hub, and a groove formed in the hub for hermetically retaining the inner bead of diaphragm therein.

Abstract: A power steering system for use in a motor has a pair of reactive pressure chambers in which the opposite ends of a valve spool are exposed, one of the reactive pressure chambers communicating with one fluid-pressure chamber in a reciprocable fluid-pressure cylinder assembly through a first orifice, the other reactive pressure chamber communicating with both fluid-pressure chambers in the cylinder assembly through second and third orifices, respectively. The first, second and third orifices are the first and second orifices are defined in the valve spool. A third passage define by a space between the spool and the valve cylinder communicates the first and third orifices.

Abstract: Fluid control circuits commonly control actuation of a pair of cylinders for positioning an earthmoving blade. The known circuits for providing the three operating modes of the cylinders utilize a separate control valve for each cylinder thereby making precise positioning of the blade difficult since such positioning requires coordinated control of both valves. The subject fluid control circuit includes a selector valve for determining the direction of fluid flow to and from the head end and rod ends of the tilt cylinders and a single control valve for modulating and controlling the fluid flow from the pump to the cylinders. With this circuit, the selector valve can be prepositioned in the desired position prior to actuating the control valve so that dual cylinder tip, dual cylinder tilt, and single cylinder tilt of the blade is readily controlled by manipulation of only the single control valve.

Abstract: A device is provided for bleeding entrapped gas from a master brake cylinder assembly when the latter is removed from a vehicle or prior to the assembly being installed in the vehicle and all of the outlet ports of the assembly are plugged. The device includes a support member having an upright section with a transversely extending passage formed therein. Removably mounted on one side of the upright section is the master cylinder assembly. The assembly is positioned so that an access opening which is formed in one end of the cylinder assembly to provide access to an end portion of a primary piston of the assembly, is aligned with and is adjacent to the passage in the upright section. Disposed in spaced relation to the opposite, or second, side of the upright section is an actuating unit which is mounted on the support member for selective manual adjustment between operative and inoperative modes.

Abstract: A control lever is provided for effecting positional control of a work implement. An actuator means applies a force to the control lever in response to a sensed load being applied to the work implement. The force applied to the implement control lever is in proportion to the load being applied to the work implement, thereby giving the operator a feel for the load being applied to the implement.