Abstract: A wireless battery-powered daylight sensor for measuring a total light intensity in a space is operable to transmit wireless signals using a variable transmission rate that is dependent upon the total light intensity in the space. The sensor comprises a photosensitive circuit, a wireless transmitter for transmitting the wireless signals, a controller coupled to the photosensitive circuit and the wireless transmitter, and a battery for powering the photosensitive circuit, the wireless transmitter, and the controller. The photosensitive circuit is operable to generate a light intensity control signal in response to the total light intensity in the space. The controller transmits the wireless signals in response to the light intensity control signal using the variable transmission rate that is dependent upon the total light intensity in the space. The variable transmission rate may be dependent upon an amount of change of the total light intensity in the space.

Abstract: A reconfigurable optical frequency selective structure having embedded therein: (a) an array of optical antennas for picking up propagating radiation in a visible or infrared frequency region and achieving preferential absorption of electromagnetic energy at a target wavelength k within the region, (b) an array of optical mesa structures of sub-wavelength scale including a phase-change material, the array of optical antennas being disposed atop the array of optical mesa structures respectively; (c) a metal ground plane disposed beneath the array of optical mesa structures, the array of optical mesa structures standing above the ground plane or an interfacial layer and being separated from one another to inhibit parasitic capacitance coupling therebetween; and (d) a plurality of heaters for selectively heating any one of the array of optical mesa structures to cause the phase change material in the selected optical mesa structure to change from an amorphous state, wherein the antenna atop the selected mesa

Abstract: We describe in this application systems and methods for autofocusing in imaging mass spectrometry. The present application describes improvements over current IMS and IMC apparatus and methods through an autofocus component including a plurality of apertures in the autofocus system, such as a plurality of apertures arranged in 2 dimensions. As a plurality of apertures is used, the autofocus system provides redundancy in the event that measurement of focus on the sample from the illuminating radiation passed through one or more of the apertures fails so as to reduce the number of unsuccessful autofocus attempts.

Abstract: A rotatable receptacle and method of assembling and mounting a rotatable receptacle. The receptacle includes an outer ring that has a mounting surface for mounting to a housing, and a rotatable insert that is received in the outer ring. An inner surface of the outer ring surrounds an outer surface of the rotatable insert. The rotatable insert has an electrical face configured to mate with a photoelectric device and an opposite mounting face for mounting to the housing. The rotatable insert is rotatable with respect to the outer ring to orient the rotatable insert in a desired direction for optimal positioning of the photoelectric device. The outer ring and the rotatable insert have corresponding interlocking features configured to fix the rotatable insert in the desired direction.

Abstract: There is provided an optical sensor including an SPAD pixel array, multiple counters and a processor. The multiple counters count photon events of the SPAD pixel array to output an event-based vision sensor (EVS) frame per EVS period. The processor determines an index state of each pixel of the SPAD pixel array by comparing a counting value of each pixel respectively at a predetermined number of checking points with two predetermined thresholds, and calculates an index change of the index state associated with each pixel between adjacent EVS frames. The processor further changes the EVS period and/or adds a count offset to the counting value of each pixel to improve sensitivity of the event-based vision sensor.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to optical measurement systems that utilize multiple emitters to emit light during a measurement, as well as methods of performing measurements using these optical measurement systems. The optical measurement systems may include a light generation assembly that is configured to generate light via a light source unit, and a photonic integrated circuit that includes a launch group having a plurality of emitters. Each of these emitters is optically coupled to the light generation assembly to receive light generated from the light generation assembly, and may emit this light from a surface of the photonic integrated circuit. The optical measurement system may perform a measurement in which the light generation assembly generates light and each of the plurality of emitters simultaneously emit light received from the light generation assembly.

Abstract: A high-voltage switch is adapted for use as a medium-voltage direct current circuit breaker, which provides a low-cost, small-footprint device to mitigate system faults. In one example, a method for operating a wideband optical device includes illuminating the wide bandgap optical device with a light within a first range of wavelengths and a first average intensity, allowing a current to propagate therethrough without substantial absorption of the current, illuminating the wide bandgap optical device with light within the first range of wavelengths and a second average intensity that is lower than the first average intensity to allow a sustained current flow though the wide bandgap optical device, and illuminating the wide bandgap optical device with light within a second range of wavelengths to stop or substantially restrict propagation of the current through the wide gap material.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a ramp signal generator circuit, a comparator, a counter and a control circuit. The ramp signal generator circuit is configured to generate a ramp reference signal. The comparator configured to compare a pixel output signal and the ramp reference signal thereby generating a comparator output signal. The counter is coupled to the comparator, and configured to be enabled or disabled in response to the comparator output signal. The control circuit coupled to the comparator, and configured to enable or disable the comparator by a first enable signal, the first enable signal generated in response to at least the comparator output signal.

Abstract: A distance measurement accuracy is improved. A solid-state imaging device according to an embodiment includes a pixel array part in which a plurality of pixels is arranged in a matrix, in which each of the pixels includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion units that each photoelectrically converts incident light to generate a charge, a floating diffusion region that accumulates the charge, a plurality of transfer circuits that transfer the charge generated in each of the plurality of photoelectric conversion units to the floating diffusion region, and a first transistor that causes a pixel signal of a voltage value corresponding to a charge amount of the charge accumulated in the floating diffusion region to appear in a signal line.

Abstract: An electronic device and a method for detecting an intensity of ambient light are provided. The method includes: sensing a light intensity of incident light, wherein the incident light includes ambient light passed through the display screen and light leaked from the display screen; obtaining an estimated light intensity of the light leaked from the display screen based on display data of a target region of the display screen; computing based on the estimated light intensity and a temperature compensation coefficient corresponding to a current temperature of the display screen, to obtain a light intensity of the light leaked from the display screen; and obtaining a light intensity of the ambient light passed through the display screen based on the light intensity of the incident light and the light intensity of the light leaked from the display screen.

Abstract: An optical filter, a sensor device including the optical filter, and a method of fabricating the optical filter are provided. The optical filter includes one or more dielectric layers and one or more metal layers stacked in alternation. The metal layers are intrinsically protected by the dielectric layers. In particular, the metal layers have tapered edges that are protectively covered by one or more of the dielectric layers.

Abstract: An imaging system includes: an optical system configured to form a subject image; a driver configured to drive the optical system; an imaging element configured to capture the subject image and generate image data; and a processor configured to control the imaging element and the driver. The imaging element includes: a first imaging portion configured to capture an image of a first light beam that travels through a first optical path in the optical system; a second imaging portion configured to capture an image of a second light beam that travels through a second optical path shorter than the first optical path; and plural phase difference pixels for phase difference autofocus, the plural phase difference pixels being arranged in at least one of the first imaging portion and the second imaging portion, the plural phase difference pixels being configured to output phase difference signals.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) device includes a controller circuitry having an input coupled to a photodiode of an optoelectronic circuitry and an output coupled to a heater of the optoelectronic circuitry, the controller circuitry configured to determine a center frequency of the optoelectronic circuitry based on a shape of an input signal received from the photodiode, and provide a heater signal to the heater based on the shape of the input signal and the center frequency of the optoelectronic circuitry.

Abstract: An optical device stack includes at least one of a photodetector or an optical emitter and a metasurface. The metasurface is disposed over a light-receiving surface of the photodetector or a light emission surface of the optical emitter. The metasurface includes a first conductive layer having an electrically-tunable optical property and an array of conductive nanostructures disposed on a first side of the first conductive layer. A second conductive layer is disposed on a second side of the first conductive layer. An electrical insulator is disposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. A change in an electrical bias between the metasurface and the second conductive layer, from a first electrical bias to a second electrical bias, tunes the electrically-tunable optical property from a first state to a second state, and changes an electrically-tunable optical filtering property of the metasurface.

Abstract: A dynamic concentrator system having a concentrator lens, a tracker platform and a receiver. In an embodiment, the concentrator lens is configured to receive an incoming light at an entrance angle ? and concentrate the light beam on a focus spot. The tracker platform has a detector optical aperture and one or more actuators. The detector optical aperture can be configured to receive the concentrated light beam. The actuators can move the detector optical aperture in a spatial plane to a location of the focus spot. The receiver has a detector optically coupled to the detector optical aperture to receive the concentrated light beam from the detector optical aperture.

Abstract: Provided is an image sensor including a sensor chip including a first substrate and a first interconnection layer, a logic chip including a second substrate and a second interconnection layer, a through-hole penetrating a portion of the second interconnection layer, the first substrate, and the first interconnection layer, and a first connection structure disposed on an inner surface of the through-hole and extending from the first substrate toward the second interconnection layer, wherein the first interconnection layer includes a first interlayer insulating layer and a first interconnection pattern, the second interconnection layer includes a second interlayer insulating layer and a second interconnection pattern, the through-hole includes first and second trenches respectively extending from the through-hole toward the second interconnection layer, bottom surfaces of the first and second trenches contact the second interconnection pattern, and a bottom surface of the through-hole contacts the first interco

Abstract: The various embodiments described herein include methods, devices, and systems for fabricating and operating superconducting photon detectors. In one aspect, a photon detector includes: (1) a first waveguide configured to guide photons from a photon source; (2) a second waveguide that is distinct and separate from the first waveguide and optically-coupled to the first waveguide; and (3) a superconducting component positioned adjacent to the second waveguide and configured to detect photons within the second waveguide.

Abstract: An illumination device comprises one or more emitter modules having improved thermal and electrical characteristics. According to one embodiment, each emitter module comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) configured for producing illumination for the illumination device, one or more photodetectors configured for detecting the illumination produced by the plurality of LEDs, a substrate upon which the plurality of LEDs and the one or more photodetectors are mounted, wherein the substrate is configured to provide a relatively high thermal impedance in the lateral direction, and a relatively low thermal impedance in the vertical direction, and a primary optics structure coupled to the substrate for encapsulating the plurality of LEDs and the one or more photodetectors within the primary optics structure.

Abstract: A light receiving device includes a semiconductor substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface opposite to the first major surface, and a metal pattern layer provided on the second major surface. The first major surface is provided with a first input port configured to receive an input of signal light, a second input port configured to receive an input of local oscillation light, a first light receiving element optically coupled to the first input port, an optical 90 degree hybrid element optically coupled to the first input port and the second input port, and a second light receiving element optically coupled to the optical 90 degree hybrid element. The metal pattern layer contains at least one of titanium or chromium.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods of fluorescence microscopy imaging for the analysis of biological samples. More particularly, this disclosure provides methods of reducing crosstalk in multiplexed fluorescence imaging.