Abstract: A method for purifying an oxygen excess exhaust gas by catalytically reducing nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas, which comprises bringing a catalyst comprising at least one noble metal supported on a carrier composed mainly of an oxide or a complex oxide of at least one metal selected from rare earth metals and metals of the group IV A of the periodic table of elements into contact the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A process for the production of a red phosphorus powder, which comprises heating a yellow phosphorus at the boiling point therof in the presence of a dispersant selected from the group of a surfactant, a sparingly in water, finely powdered inorganic compound, an inorganic ammonium salt or an organic compound containing an amino group, thereby to partly convert the yellow phosphorus to red phosphorus, removing most of the unconverted yellow phosphorus by distillation at the boiling point of yellow phosphorus, and further removing the slight amount of the still remaining yellow phosphorus by heating a temperature not lower than the boiling point of yellow phosphorus to obtain a red phosphorus fine powder which is less apt to undergo a disproportionation reaction.

Abstract: An exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides and particulate matter is cleaned by using an exhaust gas cleaner including a heat-resistant, porous filter; a porous ceramic powder layer formed on the filter; and a catalyst supported by the ceramic powder layer, the catalyst consisting essentially of (a) at least one of alkali metal elements, (b) cobalt and/or manganese, (c) vanadium, and (d) at least one of rare earth elements, whereby the nitrogen oxides are reduced by the particulate matter in the exhaust gas serving as a reducing agent.

Abstract: A process for the substantial or complete elimination of ammonium sulfate generated during the production of acrylonitrile by the direct ammoxidation of propylene/propane, ammonia and an oxygen containing gas (e.g. air) over a fluid bed catalyst wherein the improvement comprises introducing an organic compound(s) into said reactor at a location where the compound(s) reacts with substantially all of the excess ammonia without affecting the acrylonitrile yield. Preferably, the organic compound is methanol which is introduced into the reactor at below its coking temperature.

Abstract: A process for reducing nitrogen oxides in a combustion effluent is presented. The process involves introducing a nitrogenous treatment agent other than ammonia into the effluent to create a treated effluent having reduced nitrogen oxides concentration such that ammonia is present in the treated effluent; introducing a source of ammonia into the effluent; and contacting the treated effluent with a nitrogen oxides reducing catalyst.

Abstract: Apparatus and process to achieve improved performance with a dry scrubbing flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system. The process consists of injecting sorbent slurry into flue gas from fossil fuel combustion, cooling the flue gas containing the injected slurry and collecting the slurry solids, reaction products, and fly ash in a filter. The apparatus comprises means for cooling the flue gas between the slurry injecting means and the filter.

Abstract: Novel catalysts that include a porous alumina support having a surface coating of at least one spinel compound thereon, e.g., a compound having the formula M.sup.1 Al.sub.2 O.sub.4, and a catalytically active phase deposited onto such coated support, e.g., a catalytically active metallic oxide, are well adopted for the catalytic ammonia reduction of NO.sub.x values contained in gaseous flowstreams thereof, which gaseous flowstreams typically also contain SO.sub.x values.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing NOx in a combustion exhaust gas stream from a boiler. The method includes the steps of converting an aqueous solution of urea to ammonia by heating the urea solution to a temperature of 350.degree.-650.degree. F. in an injection lance system. The urea solution is pressurized to the pressure required to keep urea reaction products in the liquid phase and is contacted for a selected time with a conversion catalyst selected from the group of metals, metal oxides, or metal compounds consisting of chromium or molybdenum to provide a converted urea solution. The converted urea solution is injected from the injection lance system into the combustion exhaust gas for reducing NOx.

Abstract: A method of saturating and humidifying the incoming flue gas of a flue gas desulfurization process without the need for underspray headers or the like. Initial humidification occurs by passing the incoming flue gas through a continuous liquid curtain of recycled bottoms product falling from an awning over the flue gas inlet. Further saturation and humidification occurs by causing recycled bottoms product to fall or rain from an overhead tray or grid onto the flue gas prior to passing through the tray or grid. In order to accomplish such humidification, there is an unobstructed passageway between the flue gas inlet and the lowermost tray or grid.

Abstract: Hydrogen and gaseous hydrocarbons are stored by introducing the gases into a transition metal dichalcogenide having the formula MX.sub.2. M is selected from the group consisting of Mo, W and Ti and X is selected from the group consisting of S and Se. The MX.sub.2 is in the form of platelets affixed to basal planes of adjacent platelets. The basal planes of adjacent platelets are separated by voids. The composition is prepared by intercalating MX.sub.2 powder with lithium, adding water to separate the MX.sub.2 into single layers and then adding acid to adjust the pH to a range where edges and basal planes of the single layers have opposite charges. Preferably a catalyst is added to the MX.sub.2, the catalyst being selected from the group of metals consisting of Pt, Pd, Ni, Co, Fe, Mg, Zr, Cr, Al, Zn, Mn or combinations thereof. The gas can be recovered from the composition by heating to a temperature of 250.degree. C. when the catalyst is used.

Abstract: The addition of a nucleating or coalescing agent (e.g., urea) to liquid ammonia reduces the size and persistence of a deadly, fog-like cloud of ammonia droplets that tend to form when liquid ammonia is accidentally released to the atmosphere. In addition, high purity ammonia is obtained by evaporating ammonia from the ammonia- and nucleating agent-containing composition.

Abstract: Magnetoresistive material exhibiting a large ratio of resistance on the application of a low magnetic field applied at room temperature to the material. The material is composed of layers made primarily from Co with a thickness of 10-100.ANG., a second magnetic layer having a thickness of 10-100.ANG., both of which layers are alternately laminated through a non-magnetic layer composed mainly of copper having a thickness of about 20.ANG..

Abstract: A monodisperse spherical, ellipsoidal or plate-like vaterite calcium carbonate almost free from secondary aggregation is disclosed. The vaterite type calcium carbonate is prepared by the steps of adding 5-20 times mol equivalent of water with respect to unslaked lime to a methanol suspension of 0.5-12 weight % of unslaked lime and/or slaked lime (in case of slaked, conversion is to be made into unslaked lime of the same mol) to prepare of a mixture of methanol, unslaked lime and/or slaked lime and water, letting carbon dioxide gas through said mixture, adjusting the temperature in the carbonation reaction systemto not less than 30.degree. C. before arrival of conductivity within carbonation reaction system at the maximal point on conductivity variation curve in the carbonation reaction system and adjusting the time from start of carbonation reaction to the point where the conductivity is 100.mu. S/cm to be less than 1,000 minutes.

Abstract: A nitrogen oxides-containing gas is contacted with a solid catalyst in the presence of methyl tert-butyl ether as a reducing agent for the conversion of the nitrogen oxides into molecular nitrogen. A supported catalyst including an alumina carrier having Pt, Rh or Ru supported thereon is desirably used as the solid catalyst.

Abstract: Production of sodium bicarbonate from natural soda deposits that may occur as natural brines or solid soda salts is disclosed. The alkalinity in these natural soda deposits consists of carbonates and bicarbonates. The carbonates are converted to bicarbonates by reacting sodium carbonate with ammonium bicarbonate which acts as a carbon dioxide carrier until all the sodium carbonate is exhausted. The solubility of the sodium bicarbonate is lowered by the presence of non-alkaline sodium salts, e.g., sodium chloride. The regeneration of the cyclic reagent (NH.sub.3) is done using the sodium bicarbonate formed by the double decomposition of sodium chloride and ammonium bicarbonate giving a final soda free brine exempt of contaminants foreign to its original components.

Abstract: A dual-phase zeolite having a transition metal-containing zeolite phase and a transition metal-containing oxide phase. The catalytic material may be an intimate mixture of a phase-layered structure of a first phase constituted preferably of a copper-containing high silica zeolite and a second phase constituted of copper-containing zirconia.Methods are also disclosed for making a single-stage catalyst for removing NO.sub.x and HC at high efficiency in an oxygen-rich automotive exhaust gas, and for treating the exhaust gas with the dual-phase catalyst above.

Abstract: The R-TM-B permanent magnet member having an improved corrosion resistance comprising an R-TM-B permanent magnet body provided with a nickel plating layer and then with a chromate coating layer, which may be then subjected to an immersion treatment in an alkali solution.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing barium carbonate by adding barium sulfate to coal tar pitch maintained at a temperature of about 350.degree. C. to about 450.degree. C., and thereafter heating the reactants to a temperature between 700.degree. C. to 950.degree. C. in a second stage. The second stage reaction product is reacted with an alkali metal carbonate.

Abstract: A system is provided for converting flue gas pollutants to useful dry or concentrated ammonium bisulfite and ammonium bisulfate byproducts and other harmless byproducts, and for collecting the useful byproducts. The system also removes particulate material to maximize the desired reactions, and cools the flue gas in heat exchange with boiler feedwater.

Abstract: In a method for processing nitrogen oxide, nitrogen oxide is reacted with hydrogen azide. Oxygen and/or plasma is utilized to accelerate the reaction between nitrogen oxide and hydrogen azide. An apparatus for use in performing the nitrogen oxide processing method includes a reaction case in which an aqueous solution containing hydrogen azide is provided. Nitrogen oxide containing gas is introduced into the reaction case for reacting nitrogen oxide with hydrogen azide to reduce nitrogen oxide. A plasma generating unit may be provided for feeding plasma into the nitrogen oxide contained gas.