Abstract: A method of forming a clad weld on the interior surface of a tube includes the step of delivering a rotating filler metal wire to a selected weld location on the interior surface of the tube. The filler metal wire is synchronously rotated with a fiber optic cable which directs laser energy to the selected weld location. This results in the fusing of the filler metal wire to the interior surface of the tube to produce a clad weld within the tube.

Abstract: In an apparatus and process for the direct ablation of substrates, an optical train is disclosed which enables large substrates to be processed from relatively small optical masks containing subaperture groups. Optical masks, preferably in the form of transparent plates containing computer generated holograms, are provided with at least discrete subaperture groups for sequential scanning and hence sequential processing of the substrate. A scanning beam in combination with a variable aperture overlying the mask sequentially scans the subaperture groups of the plates to produce direct laser ablation from a subaperture group intended to be scanned and prevents partial scanning of adjacent subaperture groups. Specialized plates with overlying generally negative lenses and subapertures elongated with respect to the radial direction of optical divergence are utilized to project images out from under the respective computer generated holograms to locations at the side of the plates without distortion.

Abstract: This invention relates to the modification of lasing medium surfaces, such as crystals, to reduce the internal reflections that contribute to amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) losses. A laser ablation treatment involves focusing an optical irradiation means on a target surface having desired ablation pattern and ablating the target surface according to the selected ablation pattern. A cross-hatch pattern on the target surface is secured by the target surface being mounted onto a precision motor driven translation stage and stepped throughout the desired ablation pattern. The optical irradiation means are oriented initially at 45.degree. to the target surface length and subsequently rotated by 90.degree..

Abstract: A chip type solid electrolyte capacitor is given a three-terminal structure, with cathode terminals at either end and an anode lead embedded in an anode body at the center of the device structure. This eliminates the possibility of device breakdown or short circuit when a chip-type solid electrolyte capacitor with rectifying characteristics is inadvertently mounted the wrong way on a circuit board, and assures a small device size.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for metal line deposition on a substrate. Laser ablation of a metal film coated on a first substrate removes metal ions from the film. The ions travel forward to a surface of a second substrate disposed opposite the metal film on the first substrate and are deposited on the second substrate. A positive electrode on the first substrate, a negative electrode on the second substrate, and a power supply create an electric field that is simultaneously applied across the first and second substrates to bond the metal ions to the second substrate. Bonding is enhanced by repeated reflecting a laser beam through the second substrate to heat the second substrate. The laser beam is reflected between a reflector and the deposited metal line.

Abstract: A laser cutting apparatus (10) whereby the laser beam (11) is directed on to a cutting portion (13) of the workpiece (15), and a jet (18) of gas is guided, fully enclosed within solid walls, on to the cutting portion (13, 13a) in an inclined direction in relation to the beam (11) and at such a velocity as to control the fluid-thermodynamic effects caused by interaction with the beam (11) and with the material liquefied by the same, and to flush the liquefied material out of the cut (16) in steady, controlled manner. The jet (18) is supplied by means of a solid-walled conduit (21), the end portion of which conveniently presents an opening (37) enabling passage of the beam (11) on to the cutting portion (13, 13a). (FIG.

Abstract: Laser marking of pigmented fluoropolymer substrates is enhanced by using titanium dioxide pigment coated with organo silane.

Abstract: A capacitor includes a cathode having a porous coating including an oxide of one of ruthenium, iridium, nickel, rhodiumm platinum, palladium, and osmium, an anode including a metal selected from the group consisting of tantalum, aluminum, niobium, zirconium, and titanium, spaced from the porous coating, and an electrolyte in contact with the porous coating and the anode.

Abstract: A package-type solid electrolytic capacitor is provided which comprises: a capacitor chip having a first end and a second end opposite to the first end, the chip being formed with a cathode terminal coating at least covering the second end; an anode wire partially projecting from the first end of the chip; a plate-like metal anode lead having an inner end electrically connected to the anode wire; a plate-like metal cathode lead having an inner end electrically connected to the cathode terminal coating of the chip; and a resin package enclosing the capacitor chip, the anode wire and the inner ends of the anode and cathode leads. The cathode lead has a wider portion projecting out of the resin package, and the inner end of the cathode lead is narrower and held in abutment with and electrically connected to the cathode terminal coating at the second end of the chip.

Abstract: This invention relates to a large capacitor for accumulating electrical energy. In particular, to a capacitor with a double electric layer comprising an electrolyte; at least one pair of electrolyte impregnated electrodes which are elastically compressible and independently, mechanically stable; and a separator also impregnated with electrolyte for being in between and in contact with both of the at least one pair of electrolytic impregnated electrodes for ionic conductance but electronically separating the electrodes; at least one pair of electrolytes impermeable and electrolyte inert current collectors in contact respectively with the at least one pair of the electrolyte impregnated electrodes; and an insulating gasket for separating the electrolyte impermeable and electrolytic inert collectors.In at least some embodiments of this capacitor, the electrolytic impregnated electrodes are composed of various forms of carbon particles in combination with porous elastic dielectrics and polymer binders.

Abstract: A device and method for insulating a dry film capacitor includes a pair of electrically non-conductive discs having knurled protrusions extending therefrom. The dry film capacitor includes a core for receivingly engaging the protrusions to thereby secure the discs to the capacitor. The discs are dimensioned such that the discs when placed on the interior surface of a ballast can serve as supports for the capacitor by raising the capacitor away from contact with the ballast can. In connecting the discs to the capacitor, the protrusions are twistingly pushed into the core of the capacitor.

Abstract: The multi-source raw material are dissolved in the tetra-hydrofuran, in a liquid state and evaporated simultaneously and stably transported to the reactor, thereby the dielectric thin film used for capacitor having a good performance is formed with a good repeatability. The present invention provides CVD raw material for oxide-system dielectric thin film wherein organic metal raw material is dissolved in the tetra-hydrofuran and the metal atom of the organic metal raw material is selected at least among Pb, Ti, Zr or alkaline earth metal. As a result, a stable dielectric thin film can be formed by CVD method and the dielectric thin film can be used for a capacitor for memory devices.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is provided for laser welding a nickel and/or cobalt based superalloy article comprising: preheating the entire weld area and adjacent region to a ductile temperature with an induction heat coil and maintaining such temperature during welding and solidification of the weld; and welding the preheated article utilizing a laser with a powder alloy feed with a control means controlling the laser, power feed and motion system on which the article is fixtured, wherein the control means includes a vision system which digitizes the weld area providing a path for the laser welding to follow.

Abstract: A heated cover for a receptacle containing a vaporizable substance. The cover is heated to a temperature above the temperature of the substance so as to prevent condensation of vapor evaporated from the substance. A device for placing and removing the cover with respect to the receptacle is designed in connection with a temperature-controlled heating/cooling plate which controls the temperature of the contents of the receptacle.

Abstract: The sheets which are to be butt welded are positioned with their edges in contact with one another. To reduce the gap to a width acceptable for laser welding, at least one sheet is plastically deformed along the line of the joint so that material flows towards the gap, reducing the width of the gap. In this way, sheets cut to size with much less precision can be welded together.

Abstract: A laser cutting machine which invalidates an alarm generated by a distance sensor during piercing, or invalidates the alarm in a first movement after piercing until a movement is made over a predetermined distance, or invalidates the alarm in a block having no movement, or keeps invalidating the alarm from a piercing start until a movement is made over a predetermined distance after piercing, or invalidates the alarm from a point a predetermined distance before a cutting end point to the cutting end point, or keeps invalidating the alarm from a point a predetermined distance before the cutting end point until a movement is made over a predetermined distance after the arrival at the cutting end point, or invalidates the alarm over a predetermined travel distance in a specified moving command block from the NC program, so the laser cutting machine can prevent cutting from being stopped by an unnecessary alarm generated by the alarm signal of the sensor due to scattered or accumulated spatters, the influence of

Abstract: A laser is used to cut or "zap" unwanted sections of an aluminum interconnect metallization pattern on a microelectronic circuit substrate. Vaporized aluminum forms a cloud above the substrate that is reacted with a gas to form a substance which can be prevented from solidifying and forming a conductive residue on the substrate that could create a short circuit in the metallization pattern. The gas can be pressurized oxygen, in which case the reactant substance is electrically insulative aluminum oxide that forms a desirable sealing coating over the cut area. The aluminum oxide has a lower density than aluminum, and expands in the cut area to form a hermetic seal with the facing edges of the metallization pattern. Alternatively, the gas can be chlorine or other material which forms a residue that can be easily removed using a solvent such as water.

Abstract: A leather layer is burned, preferably under a protective gas blanket, with a laser beam to increase the water vapor permeability for use of the leather in automotive vehicle seats.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device which has a substrate, at least one thin film capacitor having a lower electrode layer deposited on the substrate, a dielectric layer overlaid on the lower electrode layer, and an upper electrode layer stacked on the dielectric layer, the lower electrode layer is surrounded by an insulator layer of Si.sub.3 N.sub.4.

Abstract: A method for improving the manufacture of an arcuate scan drive. Such drives include a plurality of read/write heads, each head having a gap and being mounted to a rotating drum. The method for manufacture includes: rotating the drum to determine the rotational center point of the drum; specifying a gap width for each gap; specifying a distance from the rotational center point to the head gap; and laser machining each of the head gaps to said gap width such that each head gap is positioned at said distance from the rotational center point of the head.