Abstract: A master cylinder having a secondary piston for absorbing rapid initial pressure increases in proportion to the stroke of the primary piston. The master cylinder includes a housing having a first cylinder formed therein. A first piston is movable within the first cylinder. A second cylinder is formed in the first piston. A second piston is movable within the second cylinder.

Abstract: In a system for converting heat energy to mechanical energy, a working fluid is vaporized and then permitted to expand in an expander. The vaporized working fluid is introduced to a condenser including a container and a conduit for guiding the working fluid through the container. A condensing medium in a generally solid state is disposed in the container in contact with the conduit to absorb heat from and thereby condense the working fluid. In response to the absorbed heat, the condensing medium liquifies, in which state it can be supercooled at ambient temperatures and stored for an extended period of time. The supercooled condensing medium can be triggered at a predetermined time to release the absorbed heat to the system. The provision of a super-coolable condensing medium in the condenser minimizes the heat loss thus providing a significant increase in the overall efficiency of the system.

Abstract: Hydraulic control apparatus for automatic remote control of a hydraulic actuating ram. The apparatus has a double-acting slave cylinder connectable hydraulically to an actuating ram, and a double-acting master cylinder the piston of which is mechanically connected to the piston of the slave cylinder, the master cylinder being operable by hydraulic pressure supplied via a pilot-operated valve arranged automatically to reverse the stroke of the master ram at limits set according to the desired stroke of the actuating ram. The control apparatus may be used for controlling actuating rams which effect reciprocating pivotal movement about one or more axes of a water jet monitor.

Abstract: A regenerative heat engine designed to produce power for the operation of equipment such as an artificial heart is disclosed. The heat engine includes a temperature control heat pipe located around the periphery of the engine cylinder and a temperature distribution heat pipe located around the periphery of the heat source. A flywheel and bellows seal is included as part of the displacer piston drive, and a flexure support is positioned on the hot end of the displacer piston to allow the piston to move longitudinally while restricting lateral motion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating power by compressing and expanding a first fluid in inward and outward extending first fluid passages within a centrifuge type rotating rotor. In a closed form of the turbine, heat is supplied to the first fluid by circulating a second fluid in a heat exchanger within the rotor, and heat is removed from from the first fluid by circulating a third fluid through another heat exchanger. A regenerator type heat exchanger is provided for removing heat from the first fluid during compression and adding heat into said first fluid during expansion; thus, heat is taken from one stream of the first fluid and the same heat is added into another stream of of the first fluid within the rotor. Alternately, two rotors may be used, with a second rotor serving as the power output rotor. Also, in an open form, the cooling heat exchanger may be deleted, with the first fluid entering from outside of the rotor and being discharged to outside said rotor.

Abstract: A fluid pressure amplifier for intensifying fluid pressure, the amplifier comprising a housing including a gas-hydraulic interface piston; a first chamber includes a slave piston mounted for reciprocation therein and for abutting engagement with a work piece. A hydraulic fluid path extends intermediate the interface piston and the first chamber so as to apply hydraulic pressure thereto. A second chamber is disposed in the path intermediate the first chamber and the interface piston and includes a check valve in the path intermediate the second chamber and the first chamber. A third chamber, includes a fluid intensifier piston having a head end and a tail end, the head end being mounted for reciprocation in the third chamber and the tail end being mounted for reciprocation in the second chamber. The head end of the intensifier piston has a larger diameter than the tail end and is exposed to gas pressure while the tail end is exposed, in the second chamber, to hydraulic pressure.

Abstract: An oil-hydraulic servo-motor, usable with an automotive brake, including a control piston slidably extending through the rear end wall of a power cylinder in aligned opposite relation to an output piston therein and forming together with the cylinder end wall a spool-type control valve which is operable to energize and de-energize the power cylinder. The control piston is axially movable normally within definite limits under the operator's input, and abutment means provided to limit the extent of advancing movement of the control piston is rendered inoperable automatically upon failure of an associated oil pressure circuitry to enable the control piston to drive the output piston directly under the operator's input. The oil pressure circuitry may be formed in two independently operable systems. Major features include simplicity of the valving mechansim and hence of the entire structure of the servo-motor and a highly improved reliability in operation.

Abstract: A master cylinder for a dual hydraulic braking system has two pistons arranged end-to-end in respective bore sections, each piston having sealing valves which close off communication between front and rear brake circuits and respective reservoirs when displaced by operation of a brake pedal to cause pressurization of respective compression chambers connected to the brake circuits. This invention provides two seals in the inner piston between the two compression chambers and an auxiliary chamber defined between these seals into which small quantities of brake fluid escape in the event of leakage from either compression chamber to give visual warning of such leakage.

Abstract: Supplementary means for heating liquid in a steam producing boiler comprising an electrical heating unit located in the boiler, the current for which is produced by an electric generator driven by a steam operated turbine. The turbine may utilize all or only part of the steam output of the boiler. Where the turbine uses substantially all of the steam, the generator driven by the turbine will have excess capacity to be used to drive a motor. Where the turbine uses only enough steam to drive a generator sized to meet the needs of the heating unit, the balance of the steam will ordinarily be used to drive some major prime mover or to supply heat to a heating system.

Abstract: An external combustion engine, such as the vapor cycle engine, produces power by the expansion of a working fluid vapor. A vapor generator vaporizes a suitable working fluid which is fed to an expander. The vaporized working fluid expands and is subsequently fed back to the vapor generator. A burner provides energy for the vapor generator. The fuel and air supply for the burner is controlled by a system responsive to operating conditions of the engine. That is, the power input to the vapor generator is correlated by a control system with the demand on the engine. The control system disclosed involves a servomechanism which may suitably respond, for example, to either the working fluid flow rate or the input from an accelerator which commands a change in the working fluid flow rate.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake force-multiplying device includes a body, an output member fitted slidably in the body, a working chamber defined between the output member and the body, a pressure chamber defined in the body and receiving pressure fluid introduced from a source of pressure fluid, a valve seat member positioned in the pressure chamber and urged against the body under fluid pressure of the pressure chamber, a rod member provided integrally with the valve seat member and extending to the interior of the working chamber, a guide bore extending through the rod member axially, a valve stem having a valve portion adapted to cooperate with a valve seat of the valve seat member, thereby forming a valve mechanism in combination with the valve seat, and being sealingly and slidably fitted in the guide bore, an input shaft provided in the body adjacent to one end of the valve stem remote from the working chamber, an intermediate chamber defined between the input shaft and the valve stem and adapted to be communicated

Abstract: A throttle actuator for accelerating and decelerating the speed of an internal combustion engine in response to work demand where the engine drives the pump of a hydraulic system. In one aspect, the invention is directed to a throttle actuating piston and rod arrangement for operating the throttle of the engine and a pulsation intensifier for sensitively controlling the piston's movement. The pulsation intensifier is connected in a pressure line from the pump and comprises a free spring biased floating piston of configuration such that there is a differential in area across the piston for fluid pressure intensification purposes. The intensifier piston in one embodiment also has an axial passage therethrough and an orifice communicating with the throttle actuating piston. Both pistons are slidably mounted in housings which have springs to normally position the pistons in directions to cause the engine to return to idle speed when there is no work demand.

Abstract: A hot gas engine including an injector for introducing a mixture of air and fuel into the combustion chamber to heat the working medium which is circulated in a system of ducts. Fresh air for the combustion of the fuel is preheated in a heat exchanger by exhaust gases from the combustion chamber and conducted to the fuel injector. A heating system for passing a heat exchange fluid to a space to be heated surrounds the combustion chamber, and the heat exchange fluid is thus heated by heat exchange with the exhaust gases.

Abstract: An intensifier for use with pressurized fluids requiring additional pressure boosting to assume higher presures includes an elongated housing with differential diameter internal bore of which large end is closed by a cap with fluid port therein and the opposite small end provided with an end wall having fluid passage therethrough, a differential diameter elongated piston of close sliding fit inside the bore having small plugging piston end at one end and a large actuating piston end at the other end with an intermediate diameter intensification piston therebetween and capable of being shuttled inside housing bore from first small piston end engaged position preventing pressurized fluid supply to the intensification chamber to the second small piston disengaged position allowing fluid supply thereto while simultaneously developing an evacuated annulus inside intensifier with a vacuum force tending to maintain piston in the first position and aiding in the operation of intensifier through an airless void when a

Abstract: A master brake cylinder comprises a spring biased piston reciprocally mounted in a bore defined in a housing thereof. A cup seal, disposed in the bore to abut the piston, comprises a flexible annular flange portion having a plurality of circumferentially disposed grooves formed thereon to induce rotation of the cup seal upon the return stroke of the piston, subsequent to a braking operation. The cup seal is composed of a cured elastomeric material having a cup-shaped reinforcing fabric encapsulated therein.

Abstract: A hydraulic power brake booster powered by power steering gear pump pressure and utilizing an open-center valve so that fluid flows through the booster without pressure reduction when the booster is not activated. The booster has two power chamber sections, both being pressurized at the same time under normal brake operation. However when the brakes are applied very fast, a high rate of pressure increase occurs in one chamber but not in the other due to a flow restriction between the two chambers. The booster piston assembly will therefore move in the brake applying direction more quickly than it would if the pressure fluid should be acting on the full power piston diameter since less displacement is momentarily required to build up the necessary pressure. The chamber section with the slower pressure buildup rate will increase in volume and be maintained full of fluid by a check valve arrangement extending through the piston and connecting with the low pressure side of the piston.

Abstract: A geothermal energy transfer and utilization system abstracts thermal energy stored in hot solute-bearing well water to generate super-heated steam from an injected flow of clean water; the super-heated steam is then used for operating a turbine-driven pump at the well bottom for pumping the hot solute-bearing water at high pressure and always in liquid state to the earth's surface, where it is used by transfer of its heat to a closed-loop vapor generator-turbine-alternator combination for the generation of electrical or other power. Cooled, clean water is regenerated by the surface-located system for re-injection into the deep well and the residual concentrated solute-bearing water is pumped back into the earth.

Abstract: In a turbine system with first and second turbine stages, each having a bypass line thereacross, provision is made for utilizing only the valving of the first turbine stages to control the acceleration of the shaft driven by the turbine system from start-up to synchronous speed. At the same time, provision is made for diverting enough of the flow to the second turbine stages to meet the requirements of those stages.

Abstract: This hydraulic coupling mechanism consists of at least a pair of pressure transmitting cylinders which are operated in a predetermined sequence, at least a pair of pressure receiving cylinders synchronously operated by the pressure transmitting cylinders through corresponding closed liquid lines, each of which is provided with a corresponding pressure adjustable cylinder.

Abstract: A dual master cylinder has a secondary piston which when actuated pressurizes fluid in two secondary chamber sections with one chamber section increasing pressure at a faster rate than the other as the piston is stroked. The piston has passage means therein interconnecting the two chamber sections, a proportioning valve mechanism in the passage means acting to proportion fluid pressure from the one chamber section to the other chamber section after a predetermined pressure differential exists in the two chamber sections. A shuttle piston also mounted in the secondary piston is responsive to pressure generated in the one secondary chamber section and in the primary pressurizing chamber between the primary and secondary master cylinder pistons.