Abstract: There is provided an automotive air conditioning system, which is free from troubles in traveling itself caused by power consumption in air conditioning means in an automobile having storage means, power generation means for charging the storage means, and air conditioning means having an electric compressor driven by feeding from the storage means.

Abstract: In a vehicle air conditioner, a variable displacement compressor has a control valve for continuously changing a discharge capacity of the compressor, and a control unit calculates an electrical value DT to be applied to the control valve based on the following formula of DT=DT(n−1)+Kp[(En−En−1)+C/(Ti×En)]. In this formula, En=Te−Teo, Kp=Kp′/(Ph×Ph′), Ti=Ti′/(Ph×Ph″), C is a sampling cycle, n is a positive number, Kp′, Ti′, Ph′ and Ph″ are constants, Ph is a refrigerant pressure at a high pressure side, Te is a detected air temperature at an air outlet of the evaporator, and Teo is a target evaporator air temperature that is calculated based on an outside air temperature Tam. Accordingly, the compressor can be stably controlled in a wide thermal load range.

Abstract: An automobile air-conditioner wherein a total signal corresponding to a thermal load in the passenger compartment of an automobile and a head part total signal corresponding to a thermal load in the vicinity of the head of an occupant of the passenger compartment, then the thus obtained two total signals are used to determine two corresponding states of operation of a component involved in air-conditioning operation, and operation of the air-conditioning component is controlled based on one of the two total signals which is capable of providing an enhanced coolness to the occupant. According to a preferred embodiment, all the components involved in the air-conditioning operation are controlled based on the head part total signal.

Abstract: An accessory device for conventional refrigeration systems that include an auxiliary compressor of lower capacity piped in parallel with the compressor of the conventional system. The auxiliary compressor cuts in after a certain temperature is reached and automatically the speed of the fan is decreased to compensate for the lower capacity of the system. Time delays are incorporated to each of the compressors to allow the high and low pressure ports to equalize.

Abstract: In an improved control for a refrigerator, critical components such as fresh food and freezer compartment temperature sensors, temperature set devices and baffle are sampled to confirm that each is operational. Upon diagnosis of a critical component failure or of multiple component failures, the control, using stored control parameters, operates the remaining components in a manner that will continue to preserve food.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing optimum control of a refrigeration system during both its cooling cycle and its defrost cycle. During the cooling cycle, the control system maintains operation of a fan for a predetermined period of time sufficient to fully evaporate the liquid refrigerant in the refrigeration system's evaporator coil. The control system initiates the defrost cycle only when the actual system parameters indicate the need to defrost. In the defrost cycle, the flow of hot gas and refrigerant is coordinated in a manner to minimize the amount of energy expended and to reduce thermal shock to the system, thereby eliminating unnecessary wear on the system components.

Abstract: A cabinet unit for housing component parts of an air conditioning system and in particular, to a cabinet formed by three molded sections that include a base section, a cover section and a back section that are interlocked in assembly to establish a high strength self-standing, rust proof enclosure. The back section contains a pair of internal vertical walls that coact with the cover section to form an air passage for connecting an inlet vent and an outlet vent and a separate equipment compartment adjacent to the air passage. A molded volute shaped wall closes the top of the air passage and forms a casing for housing a cylindrical fan. A guide means is removably supported in the front cover within the air passage adjacent the fan which serves to establish a stable laminar flow of air moving through the fan.

Abstract: An air conditioner for a vehicle includes a condenser unit including at least a condenser and a blower associated therewith and a cooling unit including at least an evaporator and a blower associated therewith, the condenser unit and the cooling unit being structurally independent from one another and disposed on a roof of the vehicle in a spaced relation to each other. The condenser unit and the cooling unit are housed in a single casing such that the condenser unit is disposed adjacent the front portion of the casing which is located closer to a front portion of the vehicle than a rear portion of the casing, and the cooling unit is disposed adjacent the rear portion. The casing has a bottom wall separated from the vehicle roof with a space defined therebetween for the passage of the outside air and includes a chamber defined therein communicating with the space through an outside-air intake hole defined in the casing bottom wall.

Abstract: An electric refrigerator is disclosed which includes first and second coolers independently disposed in a freezer and a refrigeration chamber, respectively, a compressor for delivering a refrigerant therefrom, an electromagnetic valve for switching a refrigerant channel including the first and second coolers between a first referigerant flow path for supplying the refrigerant to only the first cooler and a second refrigerant flow path for supplying the refrigerant to both the first and second coolers, and a control circuit for causing the electromagnetic valve to form the first refrigerant flow path for a predetermined time interval and for causing the electromagnetic valve to form the second refrigerant flow path by preventing interruption of the compressor when the predetermined time interval has elapsed and an air temperature in the refrigeration chamber is higehr than a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: A heat treating apparatus which comprises a core tube for containing a material to be treated, a heating furnace surrounding the core tube, core tube gas supply means for supplying gas into the core tube, furnace gas supply means for supplying gas into a furnace body of the furnace, differential pressure detecting means for detecting the differential pressure between the pressure in the core tube and the gas pressure in the body, and differential pressure regulating means for regulating the differential pressure between the gas pressure in the core tube and the gas pressure in the body on the basis of a differential pressure signal from the detecting means. The apparatus is operated by regulating the gas pressure in the core tube so that the differential pressure between the gas pressure in the core tube and the gas pressure in the body fall within a tolerable range, thereby preventing the core tube from deforming.

Abstract: Disclosed are refrigeration system control systems and methods for compressor motor protection and defrost control. The disclosed systems and methods are generic in the sense that they are self-calibrating and so may be employed in a variety of different air conditioner or heat pump models of different sizes and capacities, without being specifically tailored for a particular model. The disclosed systems and methods sense loading on the compressor and evaporator fan motors, preferably by sensing the voltage across the capacitor-run winding of an AC induction motor and normalizing with respect to line voltage. The self-calibrating capability is implemented by taking advantage of the changing loads as a function of time on both the compressor and fan motors during both normal and abnormal operation of a refrigeration system. In overview, a reference value of motor loading is established for each motor at certain times during an ON cycle.

Abstract: A low-temperature showcase comprises a heat insulated wall, on the top of which an opening for putting-into or taking-out commodities is formed. The inside of the heat insulated wall is divided into an air passage and a storage chamber thereover by a dividing plate which is installed inside this heat insulated wall in a nearly horizontal fashion. The air passage is formed in a manner that the cross-section thereof is of a U-shape, and the storage chamber is formed surrounded by this air passage. At both ends of the air passage, vent ports are formed at the positions facing each other through the opening of the heat insulated wall inbetween. The air passage is divided into two parts by a fan case corresponding to the respective vent ports and a blast fan which can rotate reversibly is supported by this fan case. In each halved air passage, an evaporator is installed in the vicinity of the vent port, and when one of the evaporators is put in cooling operation, the other evaporator is subjected to defrosting.

Abstract: An emergency heat bypass arrangement for a furnace in which the normal controller path is supplemented by an alternate path through a relay subject to an emergency heat switch controlling the solenoid of the relay, and the relay includes additional contacts for keeping power on the solenoid even after the furnace high pressure switch changes contacts to provide heating when said controller has malfunctioned.

Abstract: A dielectric probe for use with conventional frequency and time domain impedance analyzers comprises two chemically resistant electrodes deposited in an interdigitated pectinate configuration on particular non-conductive substrates, the spaces between the digits thereof being no greater than about 0.01 inch; methods and apparatus for monitoring and/or controlling chemical reactions, particularly polymerization reactions, in contact therewith, wherein the complex permittivity may be calculated over a wide range of frequencies and temperatures.

Abstract: An air and water cooling system includes an evaporator tank partially filled with water with a vacuum pump maintaining a partial vacuum in the tank. A spray of water is directed from a header into the tank, and the partial vacuum effects an evaporation of some of the sprayed water so as to absorb heat from the main pool of water contained within the tank. This cooled water supply may then be pumped through a cooling coil positioned within a heat exchanger, and a flow of air through the heat exchanger will acquire a desired air cooling effect. The water in the cooling coil is then pumped back to the spray header positioned within the evaporator tank to complete the closed cycle. Since the vacuum pump will result in the removal of evaporated water, a float operated water makeup feed is provided to maintain a constant level of water within the evaporator tank.

Abstract: In a refrigeration cycle in which a capacity-variable compressor a condenser, an expansion mechanism and an evaporator are connected in the order named, a device for controlling the capacity in the refrigeration cycle comprising a means for detecting the temperature of the compressor or the temperature of the gas discharged therefrom and a control device for limiting the maximum rotational speed of the compressor when the output from the means for detecting the temperature indicates a detected temperature lower than a predetermined level.

Abstract: A vacuum hold-down is described, for holding a thin film workpiece while it undergoes large temperature changes and corresponding dimensional changes, which permits creep of the workpiece to avoid damage thereto while still holding it on a support surface. The support surface has a multiplicity of holes arranged in a plurality of zones. The vacuum is repeatedly interrupted at the holes lying at different zones while it continues to be applied at the other zones, to permit creep of the workpiece at a zone when vacuum is not applied thereto.

Abstract: A reverse cycle defrost refrigeration system including a compressor, an air cooled condenser, an evaporator having surfaces for forming ice thereon during a freezing cycle and arranged to discharge the ice therefrom during a defrost cycle, and a defrost cycle arrangement to supply hot gaseous refrigerant to the evaporator during the defrost cycle including a defrost conduit connected to the condenser for releasing flash gas to the evaporator at the time the defrost cycle begins. A liquid separator surge tank is provided to condition warm defrost gaseous refrigerant which passes back through the defrost conduit to the evaporator at the beginning of the defrost cycle from carrying slugs of liquid refrigerant that may be in the condenser into the evaporator, having an inlet conduit connected to the top of the tank and an outlet conduit exiting from the tank neat the bottom thereof to separate and accumulate any slugs of liquid refrigerant or oil that may be entrained with the flash gas.

Abstract: A device for changing the temperature in a room includes: a refrigerant circuit including a refrigerant compressor, a condenser and an evaporator for receiving condensed refrigerant from the condenser; a cooling circuit including a cold accumulator for containing a cooling liquid, a heat exchanger for receiving cooling liquid from the cold accumulator and a pump for circulating cooling liquid through the cooling circuit; the evaporator being received in the cold accumulator to generate and accumulate cold in the cooling liquid by absorbing heat from the cooling liquid; a fan arranged to circulate air in the room through the heat exchanger for cooling the air; a control system arranged to start operation of the fan and the cooling circuit in response to a person entering the room and to stop operation of the fan and the cooling circuit in response to a person leaving the room; and a timer arranged to stop operation of the operating refrigerating circuit when a predetermined amount of cold has been generated an

Abstract: A refrigerator temperature control system is disclosed in which the compressor for compressing a refrigerant is driven selectively at either a normal lower rotation speed or a higher rotational speed and the higher rotational speed is applied only when any of the freezer compartment temperature and the fresh food compartment temperature is not reduced below a predetermined temperature level for at least a predetermined time interval.