Abstract: Compositions which contain a titania component have been found which provide reduction of sulfar levels in the gasoline resulting from FCC processes (and other cracking processes conducted in the absence of added hydrogen) without the need for feedstock pretreatments nor added hydrogen. The compositions preferably also contain an alumina supported Lewis acid component. These compositions are preferably used as particles in admixture with catalytic cracking catalyst particles in the circulating catalyst inventory.

Abstract: In a method for reducing hydrogen chloride emissions from an asphalt blowing process, ferric chloride and/or ferrous chloride are added to the asphalt. A chemical modifier is also added to the asphalt. The asphalt is subjected to a blowing process which produces hydrogen chloride emissions. The addition of the chemical modifier reduces the hydrogen chloride emissions by at least 25% compared to the same process without the addition of the chemical modifier. The addition of the ferric chloride and/or ferrous chloride provides beneficial effects such as increased blowing rate and increased final penetration of the asphalt. Preferably, the addition of the chemical modifier does not significantly reduce these beneficial effects.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for improving the conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock to light olefins comprising the steps of first contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock with a light olefin producing cracking catalyst and subsequently thermally cracking the unseparated stream to produce additional ethylene. Preferably the zeolite catalyst is selected from the group consisting of ferrierite, heulandite, phillipsite, faujasite, chabazite, erionite, mordenite, offretite, gmelinite, analcite, ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-25, gallium silicate zeolite, zeolite Beta, zeolite rho, ZK5, titanosilicate, zeolites having a silica to alumina molar ratio within the range of about 2.0:1 to 2000:1 ferrosilicate; zeolites such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,238,318; borosilicate zeolites such as those described in Belgian Pat. No. 859656; zeolites designated by the Linde Division of Union Carbide by the letters of X, Y, A, L; zeolites such as those described in U.S. Pat. No.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for decreasing the acidity of a starting calcium containing, non-acid treated acidic crude oil by adding such an acidic crude oil to an effective amount of an aqueous base solution at conditions of pH and temperature sufficient to form an unstable emulsion of the acidic crude oil in the aqueous base solution; and breaking the emulsion to form a phase containing treated crude oil having a decreased acidity and aqueous phase residual containing base and neutralized acids. The invention has utility in crude oil processing.

Abstract: By controlling one or more properties of a gasoline fuel suitable for combustion in automobiles, the emissions of NOx, CO and/or hydrocarbons can be reduced. The preferred fuel for reducing all three such emissions has a Reid Vapor Pressure no greater than 7.5 psi (0.51 atm), essentially zero olefins, and a 50% D-86 Distillation Point greater than about 180.degree. F. (82.degree. C.) but less than 205.degree. F. (96.1.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for upgrading a heavy hydrocarbon feed includes the steps of: providing a hydrocarbon feedstock including a fraction having a boiling point greater than or equal to about 320.degree. C.; mixing the feedstock with steam so as to provide a reaction feedstock; providing a catalyst including a first metal selected from the group consisting of Group VIII non-noble metals and a second metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, the first and second metals being supported on a support selected from the group consisting of kaolin, alumina, silica, carbon, petroleum cokes and mixtures thereof; and contacting the reaction feedstock with the catalyst at steam conversion conditions so as to provide a reaction product including an upgraded hydrocarbon fraction.

Abstract: A petroleum derived oil is subjected to propane deasphalting to yield a solid asphaltene residue. The residue is crushed to 425 micron diameter particle or less at a crushing temperature in the range of 77.degree. F. to 122.degree. F. The asphaltene particles are suspended in a residual petroleum oil emulsion. The resulting suspension comprises 5 wt % to 40 wt % asphaltene particles. The 40 wt % asphaltene suspensions are boiler fuel. The 5 wt % asphaltene suspensions are gasified with a deficit of oxygen to produce synthesis gas. The suspensions are stable and transportable by pumping through a pipeline.

Abstract: Elemental sulfur and sulfur contaminants causing silver corrosion and present in fluids such as refined petroleum products, e.g., gasoline, jet, diesel, kerosene or fuel additives such as ethers, is removed from such fluids by contacting the contaminated fluid containing indigenous hydrocarbyl mercaptan or by adding to the fluids which lack or have insufficient indigenous hydrocarbyl mercaptan a quantity of hydrocarbyl mercaptan and passing the resulting mixture through an adsorbent selected from the group consisting of alumina, bayerite, brucite and hydrotalcite like materials of the formula M.sub.x.sup.2+ M.sub.y.sup.3+ (OH).sub.2x+3y-z (NO.sub.3) mH.sub.2 O wherein M.sup.2+ is magnesium, M.sup.3+ is aluminum, and x, y and z are values from 1 to 6 and m is the number of waters of hydration.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons, gas mixtures of hydrocarbons, and the like containing hydrogen sulfide are brought into intimate contact with a hydrogen sulfide scavenger prepared by reacting an alkylenepolyamine with formaldehyde, whereby the amount of hydrogen sulfide in the hydrocarbon is significantly reduced.

Abstract: Tar sand is upgraded to produce a hydrocarbon having a low concentration of water and solids by contacting a bitumen/diluent mix with an alkoxyalkylphenol alkoxylate surfactant prior to separation of a recoverable hydrocarbon phase. The separation of the bitumen/diluent mix into a recoverable hydrocarbon phase and a water/solid phase results in a recoverable hydrocarbon phase that meets the concentration of water and solids desired by tar sand processors. A further refinement of the method involves contacting the bitumen/diluent mix with an anionic and cationic flocculant following the surfactant for further improvement in separation.

Abstract: A process for converting a heavy hydrocarbon fraction comprises treating the hydrocarbon feed in a hydroconversion section in the presence of hydrogen, the section comprising at least one three-phase reactor containing at least one ebullated bed hydroconversion catalyst, operating in liquid and gas riser mode, said reactor comprising at least one means for removing catalyst from said reactor and at least one means for adding fresh catalyst to said reactor.

Abstract: A method for scavenging mercaptans in a hydrocarbon fluid is disclosed. According to the method, an effective mercaptan-scavenging amount of an aqueous scavenging composition is added to the fluid. The composition comprises a quaternary ammonium hydroxide of the formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 NOH. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are, independently, alkyl groups of from one to about eighteen carbon atoms, aryl groups of from six to about eighteen carbon atoms or alkylaryl groups of from seven to about eighteen carbon atoms. R.sup.3 is an alkyl group of from two to about eighteen carbon atoms, an aryl group of from two to about eighteen carbon atoms or an alkylaryl group of from four to about eighteen carbon atoms. R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be joined to form a heterocyclic ring including the N and optionally an oxygen atom. R.sup.4 is --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n H, wherein n is an integer from one to about eighteen, or --CHR.sup.5 CHR.sup.6 Y, wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.

Abstract: A process for dewaxing waxy hydrocarbonaceous materials, such as hydrocarbon fuel and lubricating oil fractions to reduce their cloud and pour points comprises reacting the material with hydrogen in the presence of a dewaxing catalyst comprising at least one metal catalytic component and ferrierite in which at least a portion of its cation exchange positions are occupied by one or more trivalent rare earth metal cations. The rare earth ion exchanged ferrierite catalyst has good selectivity for lubricating oil production, particularly when dewaxing a Fischer-Tropsch wax hydroisomerate. Preferably at least 10% and more preferably at least 15% of the ferreirite cation exchange capacity is occupied by one or more trivalent rare earth metal cations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for demetallating a petroleum stream by contacting a metals-containing petroleum feed in the presence of a base selected from Group IA and IIA hydroxides and carbonates and ammonium hydroxide and carbonates and mixtures thereof an oxygen containing gas and a phase transfer agent at a temperature of up to 180.degree. C. for a time sufficient to produce a treated petroleum feed having a decreased metals content. The invention provides a method for enhancing the value of petroleum feeds that traditionally have limited use in refineries due to their metals, e.g., Ni and V content.

Abstract: Simple, economical process for removing ash-formers from used oil, to reduce materially the ash content value of the reclaimed oil and enhance its value substantially.

Abstract: An FCC process provides ultrashort catalyst and feed contacting in an FCC riser by recovering a short contact product stream in an intermediate section of the riser. The remainder of the catalyst and gas mixture continues through the riser along a continuous flow path for further for controlled cracking of the heavier adsorbed hydrocarbons and entrained hydrocarbons. Residual catalyst separated from the recovery of the short contact product stream returns to the upstream end of the riser for recycle. The section of the riser downstream of the short contact product recovery may receive additional feed to perform secondary cracking reactions. The riser arrangement greatly simplifies methods for performing ultra short FCC feed and catalyst contacting.

Abstract: Average grade oil sand is mixed with water to produce a low temperature (20-35.degree. C.), dense (1.4-1.65 g/cc) slurry. The slurry is pumped through a pipeline for sufficient time to condition it. Air is injected into the slurry after the last pump. The slurry density is adjusted to about 1.5 g/cc by adding flood water near the end of the pipeline. The slurry is introduced into a primary separation vessel slurry as it is introduced into the (PSV), excess air is vented from the PSV and a hot water underwash is used to heat the froth produced. Slurry loading to the PSV is greater than about 4.78 tonnes of oil sand/hour/square meter to reduce velocity gradient in the fluid in the vessel. Bitumen froth is recovered. When fed low grade oil sand, the process is modified by adding flotation aid chemicals to the slurry in the pipeline and subjecting the PSV tailings and middlings to secondary recovery with agitation and aeration in a secondary separation vessel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for demetallating a petroleum stream by contacting a metals-containing petroleum feed in the presence of an aqueous base selected from Group IA and IIA hydroxides and carbonates and ammonium hydroxide and carbonate and mixtures thereof, an oxygen containing gas and a phase transfer agent at a temperature of up to 180.degree. C. for a time sufficient to produce a treated petroleum feed having a decreased metals content. The invention provides a method for enhancing the value of petroleum feeds that traditionally have limited use in refineries due to their metals, e.g., Ni and V content.

Abstract: A process for converting a heavy hydrocarbon fraction comprises treating the hydrocarbon feed in a hydrodemetallization section, the section comprising at least one fixed bed hydrodemetallization catalyst.

Abstract: In a method of removing acidic compounds, color, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and for removing or converting hydrocarbons containing heteroatoms from used oil distillate, phase transfer catalysts are employed to facilitate the transfer of inorganic or organic bases to the substrate of the oil distillate. An inorganic or organic base, a phase transfer catalyst selected from the group including quaternary ammonium salts, polyol ethers and crown ethers, and used oil distillate are mixed and heated. Thereafter, contaminants are removed from the used oil distillate through distillation.