Abstract: The present invention is a method for determining the mass flow rate of liquid from each of the nozzles on a manifold of nozzles. A method is demonstrated to provide an absolute calibration technique.

Abstract: The convective inertia force of media moving through a laterally vibrating conduit with two extremities restrained from lateral displacement is measured as a measure of the mass flow rate of media moving through the conduit by a method; wherein the flexural vibration of the conduit is measured at the midsection and another section intermediate the midsection and one of the two extremities of the conduit, and the convective inertia force is determined as a function of ratio between two values of the flexural vibration of the conduit at said another section of the conduit respectively measured at two instants when absolute value of the flexural vibration at the midsection of the conduit reaches respectively the maximum and minimum values during at least one cycle of the flexural vibration of the conduit, or as a function of phase angle difference in the flexural vibration of the conduit between the midsection and said another section of the conduit.

Abstract: A flow impedance device is provided for an obstruction flowmeter for determining the flow rate of a compressible or incompressible fluid in a conduit. The flowmeter has means for measuring the temperature and pressure of the fluid as well as the pressure differential across the flow impedance device, and further means for computing a flow rate from the measured pressures. The flow impedance device includes a plate having a plurality of elongated openings arranged in a predetermined pattern. The plate is installed generally transversely in the conduit to force the fluid to flow through the plurality of elongated openings.

Abstract: A diaphragm-type sensor is disclosed which comprises a substrate including a cavity, a diaphragm formed on the cavity and supported by the substrate, a heater element arranged on the diaphragm, two sensor elements arranged on both sides of the heater means and slits between the heater means and the respective sensor means. The slits are effective in completely preventing the deformation of the diaphragm due to a heat propagated from the heater element, from influencing the sensor elements, whereby the diaphragm-type sensor exhibits stable output characteristics.

Abstract: A mass flow meter for flow media which works on the Coriolis Principle, has a straight Coriolis pipe carrying the flow medium, an oscillator acting on the Coriolis pipe and two transducers detecting Coriolis forces and/or Coriolis oscillations based on Coriolis forces. The Coriolis pipe also carries mass bodies and is arranged inside of a housing or compensation cylinder. The mass flow meter improves the measurement result that can be obtained by increasing the stiffness of the Coriolis pipe for the excitation mode, preferably by including a reinforcing spring which acts on Coriolis pipe to increase the pipe stiffness for the excitation mode.

Abstract: A flow meter of the non-moving part type comprises first and second measuring devices (1, 2) having different point characteristics and which are connected together in a series. A by-pass line (11) and valve (12) are connected in parallel with the flow meters and a third larger flow measuring device (10) is connected in series. At a given flow rate the valve opens and the third measuring device is used to measure the higher flow rates.

Abstract: A gravimetric metering apparatus for pourable material comprises a rotor rotating about vertical axis. The rotor has the form of a disk divided into four sectors. In a four phase measuring process the individual sectors are cyclically charged with pourable material, weighed and discharged. Preferably, an emptied sector is weighed as well and the determined tare weight is deducted from the brutto weight.

Abstract: A vortex flowmeter which is capable of measuring flow speed and flow rate both rapidly and precisely. The vortex flowmeter is composed of a ring-type bluff body situated in a pipe as a vortex shedder. The ring is bevelled at an acute angle at the inner and outer edges of the ring and the vortex shedding frequencies generated by the ring can be transformed to flow speeds and flow rates. The geometrical parameters G/W and D/W of the ring are G/W=0.50 to 0.53 and D/W=5.03 to 10.63, where G denotes the gap width between the outer edge of the ring and the pipe wall, W denotes the width of the ring, and D denotes the mean diameter of the ring. After these vortex shedding frequencies are nondimensionalized, they show a relationship with the Reynolds Numbers. The optimal streamwise location for installation of a pressure sensor is in the region of X/W=2.25 to 2.84, where X denotes the axial distance from the leading surface of the ring frontal surface.

Abstract: A device and method for measuring multiphase flow in a pipeline with an electric measurement system which includes a plurality of capacitors, which capacitors are formed of at least two plates of non-conducting material, each plate being provided with an array of electrodes. The plates are arranged in the interior of the pipeline and extend substantially parallel in the longitudinal direction thereof.The liquid and gas flowrates are gauged by continuously measuring both the velocity and cross-sectional area of the pipeline occupied by each phase.

Abstract: A technique for continuously determining and displaying the peak and mean velocities of spectral Doppler information is disclosed. Received spectral Doppler data is examined over a predetermined period to determine the signal to noise ratio of the Doppler signals. Individual instantaneous measurements, or lines, of Doppler spectral information are analyzed in the power versus frequency domain to compare the line information against a noise threshold determined by the signal to noise ratio. The maximum frequency signal component is thereby identified as the peak velocity of the spectral line. Mean velocity is calculated as an intensity weighted mean about the maximum power frequency of the line data. The identified peak and mean velocities are displayed in contrasting colors or shades on a continuously updated and displayed flow velocity versus time spectral display.

Abstract: A mass flow meter for flowing media that works on the Coriolis Principle includes a line inlet, at least one Coriolis line carrying the flowing medium, at least one line outlet, at least one oscillator, influencing the Coriolis line, at least one oscillating transducer detecting Coriolis forces and/or Coriolis oscillations based on Coriolis forces and a meter housing. The Coriolis line is connected to the carrier system and the line inlet and the line outlet are connected between the carrier systems and the housing. The flow meter is largely "oscillation self-sufficient" because the carrier system has a natural frequency that is substantially greater than the Coriolis lines natural line frequency and the Coriolis natural frequency. Also, the natural frequency of the flow meter as a whole is substantially smaller than the carrier-system natural frequency.

Abstract: An apparatus for verifying the calibration of a flow meter contains a flow sensor assembly which has a flow tube defining an axial fluid path through the flow sensor assembly; an upstream temperature sensor in thermal contact with the flow tube; a downstream temperature sensor in thermal contact with the flow tube, the two sensors being operationally connected to a means for producing an output in response to a temperature difference between the first and second sensors; and means for asymmetrically transferring heat to the first and second temperature sensors independently of fluid flow through the flow tube. The calibration of the flow meter's thermal and electronic systems is verified by measuring the flow meter's output in response to a first asymmetric heat transfer to the upstream and downstream temperature sensors when the flow meter is calibrated.

Abstract: An optical link exhibiting net gain without the use of optical or electronic amplifiers. The link includes a high-power laser, a high-sensitivity external modulator for intensity modulating the laser output, an optical fiber, and photodiode detector. The electrical input port of the external modulator is impedance-matched to the output port of an electrical signal source using a transformer double-tuned circuit. The link exhibits electrical transfer efficiency (i.e., gain) proportional to the square of the optical bias power and modulator sensitivity, and much lower insertion loss than prior art links. The link can be advantageously used wherever low-insertion loss, high bandwidth, and low distortion transmission of electrical signals is required over distances up to ten kilometers.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for metering the flow rate of a fluid through a conduit in which a low inertia transducer is placed between the inlet and outlet, the transducer having a substantially cylindrical housing and a rotatable element concentric to the housing which together define an arcuate pathway for the flow of the fluid. A pressure sensor generates a pressure error signal corresponding to a change in pressure between the inlet and outlet and translates the same into a detectable signal which is used to change the speed of the rotatable element to reduce the differential pressure between the inlet and outlet.

Abstract: An optical line shelf formerly used exclusively for multiplexing broadband video with voice channels in a serial bus transport format is adapted for use with both optical line distribution units and a metallic distribution unit.

Abstract: In a transmitter including a carrier source an input signal is present which contains the information to be transmitted and is composed of signal components having amplitudes less than a predetermined threshold value or equal to the threshold value and signal components whose amplitudes are less than the threshold value or equal to the threshold value. For the purpose of identification, the two signal components are sampled in different ways, for example at different frequencies and are combined into a modulation signal in such a manner that the two signal components have the same sign. In a receiver, a circuit arrangement is provided which identifies the sign of the partial signals on the basis of their different sampling frequencies, demodulates envelope curves and combines them into an output signal which corresponds to the signal.The transmitter and receiver are advantageously components of an analog optical transmission system.

Abstract: A hot-wire type flowmeter for measuring a flow rate of a fluid in a passage comprises a pair of support pins extending in parallel with an axis of the passage and an electrical resistor supported between the support pins in the passage. The resistor includes a pipe made of an electrically insulating material, a resistor wire wound on the pipe, and a pair of lead wires. The lead wires are secured to opposite end portions of the pipe and extend in opposite directions and in parallel to each other. The resistor is supported by the support pins through the lead wires.

Abstract: In a system of optical communications that can be used by air or space vehicles, each station comprises at least one optical system covering a half space, this system comprising two twinned optical devices to respectively form two distinct reception channels: a first reception optical channel for the initialization, in space, of the direction of communication; a second optical channel for the reception of the contents of the communication. One of the two optical devices is also used to form a transmission channel for the initialization and then for the communication in the direction of communication. The setting up of communication is done in three steps, respectively target designation, iterative bilateral acquisition and interstation communication.

Abstract: To measure flow rates, the cross-sectional shape of the flow path is changed by inserting a multiple position gate into the flow path and altering the position of the gate to maintain the head of liquid constant with a reduced flow cross section. The position of the multiple position gate is correlated with the depth as measured with a bubbler to provide an indication of flow rate. To purge the bubbler line, a purge tank is located near the bubbler line. At timed periods or as manually initiated the controller causes an increase in pressure in accumulator portion of the purge tank. When a predetermined pressure is reached, a purge valve in the purge tank opens, rapidly allowing a burst of air at a substantial pressure and velocity to flow through the bubbler line to remove any material adhering to the bubbler outlet port.

Abstract: An optical transmission system includes a current and standby optical transmission lines for transmitting digital information signals in parallel. An information string phase difference detector detects the phase difference between the received digital information strings from the respective optical transmission lines. The optical transmission system also includes an optical receiver arranged in the receiving side for receiving the transmitted light signals. A controller changes the wavelengths of the light signals that are received by the optical receiver, based upon the detected phase difference which is detected by the phase difference detector.