Abstract: A communication apparatus (100) provides an interface between a cellular encryption and decryption apparatus (150) and a telephone line (91) allowing for communication of secure data of the telephone line using a regular telephone (70). The communication apparatus (100) provides for the receipt of incoming secure data in an unattended data mode, and also allows the telephone to be used in either a secure mode or clear mode. The communication apparatus monitors the telephone line (91) for secure tones while operating in the clear mode. When a secure tone is detected, the communication apparatus (100) breaks the path between the PSTN (90) and the telephone (70) and routes the signals to the cellular encryption and decryption apparatus (150) to establish a secure call.

Abstract: A password system comprises a set of codewords spaced apart from one another by a Hamming distance (HD) that exceeds twice the variability that can be projected for a series of biometric measurements for a particular individual and that is less than the HD that can be encountered between two individuals. To enroll an individual, a biometric measurement is taken and exclusive-ORed with a random codeword to produce a "reference value." To verify the individual later, a biometric measurement is taken and exclusive-ORed with the reference value to reproduce the original random codeword or its approximation. If the reproduced value is not a codeword, the nearest codeword to it is found, and the bits that were corrected to produce the codeword to it is found, and the bits that were corrected to produce the codeword are also toggled in the biometric measurement taken and the codeword generated during enrollment.

Abstract: A cryptography unit having a cipher unit and a hash unit coupled in parallel for simultaneous ciphering and hashing. The cipher unit implements a cipher algorithm that operates on a data block having a first predetermined size M. The hash unit implements a hash algorithm on a data block having a second predetermined size N. Buffers of a size Q, where Q is an integer multiple of M and N, are employed to receive the input data into the present invention. A security unit that ensures that the cipher unit and the hash unit operate on the same data block of size Q is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical transmission system that implements encrypting of an information carrying signal by deterministic chaos. The system includes a transmitter (1), a receiver (4), and one transmission channel coupled between the transmitter (1) and the receiver (4). The transmitter (1) includes a deterministic chaos generator (3) coupled to an encoding system (2). The deterministic chaos generator (3) includes a wavelength tunable laser-emitting diode (33) and a feedback loop (34). The active layer of laser diode (33) is offset controlled by a laser signal passed through a non-linear optical element (32) and a delay line (31). The receiver (4) has a deterministic chaos generator (7) coupled to a synchronizer (6) and a decoder coupled to the synchronizer (6). Preferably, chaos generator (3) is the same as chaos generator (7). Other features are disclosed.

Abstract: A secure electronic messaging system (SEMS) provides absolute system security and user-defined message security for electronic messaging between two public entities. These messages can be of any kind provided the contents are created using a defined master alphabet of 81 characters or less. The SEMS encrypts and decrypts source message data using a series of message keys that are derived from a private, numeric original key known only by both parties sending and receiving messages. The message key suite absolutely secures the original key from discovery. The secure distribution of these original keys will be under the same methods that the public entities would use to discover each other such as opening an account, making a public inquiry for membership, etc. The system is based on the simple mathematics for secure electronic monetary transactions that translates source numbers into encrypted cipher numbers.

Abstract: A cryptographic method implemented on an electronic communication network interconnecting a plurality of terminals represents funds in a way that is secure at the issuer and secure when funds move from payer to payee and back to the issuer. The cryptographic method mints, issues, pays and redeems funds when transactions are done over the network with the flow and transaction of funds being controlled by an issuer. The method implements electronic money acquisition, transfer of money between users in an unrestricted way and in a way where fraud is impossible cryptographically, and redemption of electronic money to correct real money bank accounts. Funds are handled so that their representation enables the issuer to treat the representation as a physical monetary instrument equivalent to notes or coins.

Abstract: A system for scrambling and descrambling a composite video signal having content and an associated composite synchronization signal. The system comprises an apparatus for scrambling the composite video signal, an apparatus for recovering the composite video signal and a transmission apparatus for transmitting the scrambled composite video signal between the scrambling apparatus and the recovering apparatus. The apparatus for scrambling the composite video signal including a pseudo vertical synchronization signal generator, a pseudo horizontal synchronization signal generator, a combiner for combining the pseudo vertical and horizontal synchronization signals, and an adder for adding the combined pseudo vertical and horizontal synchronization signals into the composite video signal.

Abstract: A transcription network having linked computer terminals for a court reporter and for examining, defending, and associate attorneys is disclosed. Real-time transcription text is communicated from the reporter's terminal through the network. Secure message interchange between the examining attorneys and between defending attorneys is provided along independent communication links and using encryption. Off-site terminals for clients, experts, or other associate attorneys may be linked to the network. Communication on the network is hierarchically controlled so as not to bombard the examining attorney, and is managed by a protocol for updating disconnected and non-listening terminals. The terminals provide software routines for automatically delivering proposed objections to the form of a question or answer. Stenographic keystrokes that cannot be directly transcribed are converted to a phoneme form for down-line readability.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for descrambling data that is characterized by shift registers that realize an operation of generating polynomial and that have a ring-shaped structure that realizes plural and continuous operation. The method and apparatus further includes an initial value setting means for setting initial values in m shift registers; after setting the initial values, shifting the initial values while synchronizing the initial values with input clocks, and outputting the exclusive OR of data which is input while being synchronized with clocks and the lowermost latch outputs. Scrambled data with a byte is treated as a unit by using an exclusive OR circuit block.

Abstract: A record signal corresponding to record information to be recorded to a record medium is scrambled, and the scrambled record signal is recorded to the record medium. The information recording method is provided with: generating a scramble function to scramble the record signal in correspondence with a record medium identification code, which is set in advance to identify the record medium; scrambling the record signal by use of the generated scramble function and outputting the scrambled record signal; recording the scrambled record signal and the record medium identification code corresponding to the scrambled record signal to the record medium; generating an inverse-scramble function to decipher the scrambled record signal on the basis of the generated scramble function; and outputting the generated inverse-scramble function and the record medium identification code corresponding to the generated inverse-scramble function as one set to the external.

Abstract: A method for sending a secure message in a telecommunications system using public encryption keys. A sending transceiver encrypts the message c using the sender's own public encryption key Ex to generate Ex(c), and, transmits the encrypted message Ex(c) to a receiving transceiver. The receiving transceiver then encrypts the encrypted message Ex(c) using the encryption key Ey of the intended receiver of the message to generate the message Ey(Ex(c)), and, transmits the message Ey(Ex(c)) back to the sending transceiver. The sending transceiver then decrypts the message Ey(Ex(c)) using sender's private decryption key to generate Dx(Ey(Ex(c)))=Ey(c), and, transmits the message Ey(c) back to the receiving transceiver.