Abstract: A gallium halide coordination complex is described of the formula (I): [RxNHy]3GaX6 wherein R represents a lower alkyl group of from 1-3 carbon atoms; X is Cl, Br, or I; and x is from 1-3, y is from 1-3, and x+y=4. In a further aspect, a process for incorporating gallium in a silver halide emulsion is described comprising precipitating silver halide emulsion grains in a reaction vessel, wherein a gallium halide coordination complex of the formula (I) is introduced into the reaction vessel or formed in situ during precipitation of the silver halide grains. The isolation, or in-situ preparation, of a six coordinate gallium halide complex of Formula (I) in accordance with the invention has been found to enable the preparation of gallium doped silver halide emulsions with improved speed/grain performance.

Abstract: There is disclosed a radiation sensitive composition containing a silane compound represented by the following formula (1): (R1)pSi(X)4-p  (1) wherein R1 is an unhydrolyzable organic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, X is a hydrolyzable group, and p is an integer of 0 to 3, a hydrolyzate thereof and a condensate of the hydrolyzate; and a compound which generates an acid or base upon exposure to radiation. The composition is used to form an insulating film for an organic EL display device, and an interlayer insulating film for a liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: A solid polymer fuel cell having a structure in which a film electrode composite having gas diffusion electrodes disposed on both surfaces of a solid polymer film and separators having gas channels to feed at least either a fuel gas or an oxidant gas to the electrodes are laminated repeatedly in such a manner that they contact each other, wherein the separators each comprise a carbon resin composite material and an expansion graphite layer, on at least one surface of the material, pits and projections to form the gas channels are formed, and the layer is formed on the surfaces of the material including the pits and the projections.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of processing a light sensitive planographic printing plate precursor comprising a support, and provided thereon, a photopolymerizable light sensitive layer and an overcoat layer in that order, the method comprising the steps of imagewise exposing the light sensitive planographic printing plate precursor, pre-washing the exposed light sensitive planographic printing plate precursor with washing water, and developing the pre-washed light sensitive planographic printing plate precursor with a developer containing an alkali metal-containing compound, wherein the pre-washing step comprises first washing the exposed light sensitive planographic printing plate precursor with a first water being water which has been used at least one time for washing the exposed light sensitive planographic printing plate precursor, and then washing the resulting precursor with a second water being fresh water which has not been used before for washing the exposed light sensitive planographic printing plate pre

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for hydrogen peroxide plasma sterilization, wherein the chamber temperature is set at less than 39° C. throughout, and containers with temperature-sensitive products can be efficiently sterilized without the temperature-sensitive products showing a significant loss of activity or degradation.

Abstract: A method of processing photographic color papers is carried out using a photographic bleach-fixing composition in a bleach-fixing step that is carried out for less than 60 seconds. The bleach-fixing composition comprises certain aliphatic or aromatic sulfur-containing compounds that include a —N═C(SH)—group. The bleach-fixing composition can be prepared from a two-part bleach-fixing kit having two solutions that can be added directly to a processing chamber or premixed to form a replenisher solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for developing an exposed high contrast photographic silver halide material, said photographic material comprising a support bearing at least one silver halide emulsion layer, containing at least one hydrazide nucleating agent. According to the invention, the nucleating agent has the formula (I) and the photographic material is developed in a hydroquinone-free developer, comprising a main developing agent of the ascorbic acid or ascorbic acid salt type, and as auxiliary developing agent a mixture of 3-pyrazolidones of which at least one has the formula (II): wherein at least one of the radicals R3 to R9 contains a solubilizing group. This combination enables photographic materials with ultrahigh contrast to be obtained.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing galvanic elements having a liquid organic electrolyte that contain an electrode-separator assembly that has at least one lithium intercalating electrode in whose polymer matrix insoluble, electrochemically active materials are finely distributed in the polymer involved, the electrolyte contains about 2% to about 15% by weight of a hydrocarbon-oxygen compound (carbonate) that has a central carbon atom, to which one oxygen atom is doubly bonded and two oxygen are singly bonded, where the singly bonded oxygen is not saturated by any other atoms or groups and a hydrocarbon chain having a length of four carbon atoms or less is bonded to each of those singly bonded oxygen atoms and these two chains differ by at least one, but no more than three, CH2 groups, and this electrode-separator assembly is initially impregnated with this electrolyte, then cut to size, and subsequently inserted into a housing.

Abstract: A silver halide emulsion having a silver chloride content of 90 mol % or more which has been chemically sensitized with a compound capable of releasing an AuICh− ion is described, wherein grains of the silver halide contain in the shell portion thereof 0.01 to 0.50 mol % of silver iodide per mol of the total silver, with Ch representing S, Se or Te.

Abstract: The invention provides a silver halide color photographic photosensitive material including a substrate and photographic layers containing a yellow color-developing blue light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, a magenta color-developing green light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, a cyan color-developing red light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and a non-photosensitive hydrophilic colloid layer, wherein a total gelatin coating amount in the photographic layers is within a range from 3 to 6 g/m2 and/or a total silver coating amount in the photographic layers is within a range from 0.2 to 0.5 g/m2, the yellow color-developing blue light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer includes a silver halide emulsion having silver halide grains which have a sphere-equivalent diameter of no more than 0.6 &mgr;m and a silver chloride content of at least 90 mol %, and an image forming method utilizing the photosensitive material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thermal interface composition which undergoes a viscoelastic change at microprocessor operating temperatures to transfer heat generated by a heat source to a heat sink, the composition comprising: (A) a viscoelastic composition which softens at about the operating temperature of the heat source, the viscoelastic composition comprising: (1) a thermoplastic elastomer, (2) a compatible hydrocarbon oil, and (3) a tackifying resin; (B) a dispersing agent; and (C) a thermally conductive filler dispersed within the viscoelastic composition. Also disclosed is a method for making the thermal interface composition.

Abstract: A secondary battery and a fabrication method of the secondary battery includes a battery unit having a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate and a separator interposed there between, a can for accommodating the battery unit, and a cap assembly having a cap cover, a safety vent and a gasket, where the end of the safety vent is bent inwards to be filled with the gasket provided along the outer periphery of the safety vent, so that the safety vent is inserted into the gasket in a secure manner.

Abstract: A portable fuel cell stack is provided in which the number of components is reduced by reducing the number of flow field plates, cell performance is improved by reducing the number of contact portions to thereby lower internal resistance, and fuel is supplied from the center of an end plate directly to a fuel distribution manifold. The portable fuel cell stack includes two end plates, a plurality of unit cells positioned between the two end plates, a fuel distribution manifold positioned in the center of the unit cell for fuel supply thereto, a tie bolt passed through the centers of the fuel manifold and the unit cell for integration of these members, and fixing nuts threaded to both ends of the tie bolt for integrally clamping the plurality of unit cells together between the end plates via an O-ring, etc.

Abstract: An apparatus for the ultrasonic destruction of microbiological contamination of fluids. The process involves subjecting contaminated fluids to ultrasonic vibration so as to cause cavitation within the fluids. The cavitation results in the destruction of microbial cells and mats of microbial colonies. To create cavitation in the fluids a number of piezoelectric ceramic rings surround a metal tube through which the fluids flows. Those piezoelectric rings are immersed in a transmission medium which is pressurized sufficiently to prevent cavitation occurring in it and causing damage to the piezoelectric rings electrodes. This process is applicable to many liquids such as fuels, lubricating fluids, potable and marine ballast waters, dairy products, pharmaceuticals, liquid food products and beverages.

Abstract: Humidifying solution for offset printing sheets and method and device for its preparation. The solution is formed by between 95% and 97% of water and between 3% and 5% of an additive which contains sodium citrate, acetic acid, citric acid and sodium benzoate, characterized because the aforementioned additive contains between 0.0% and 0.5% in weight of sodium hexametaphosphate, between 0.0% and 1.5% in weight of ascorbic acid, between 0.0% and 1.0% in weight of preventol, between 0.0% and 1.0% in weight of sodium benzoate, between 0.0% and 1.0% in weight of citric acid, between 2% and 10% in weight of glycerin, between 0.0% and 0.1% in weight of limonal, between 50% and 75% in weight of sorbitol, between 1% and 2% in weight of acetic acid, between 3% and 7% in weight of citric acid, between 0.0 and 1.0% in weight of sodium oleate and between 15% and 30% in weight of osmotic water.

Abstract: A single-part, single-phase liquid color developer concentrate for color photographic development having at least one color developing agent of p-phenylenediamine or a derivative or salt thereof, an aqueous solution containing one or more organic solvents in a weight ratio of water to the organic solvent greater than or equal to about 60:40, a molar ratio of [Na+]/[K+] of at least about 1:2, preferably at least about 2:1, and/or a molar ratio of the organic solvent of Formula (I) to a free base of the p-phenylendiamine or p-phenylendiamine derivative is from about 3:1 to about 30:1 is described. The color developer concentrate is simple to manufacture, stable, compact, easy to use, has good water solubility upon dilution, minimizes mixing errors, and can be used with a very low replenishment rate. A method for processing image-wise exposed photographic color silver halide emulsions using the single-part, single-phase liquid color developer concentrate is also provided.

Abstract: A method of processing photosensitive materials in which one or more chemical compounds are at least partially retained after processing. The chemical compounds are unique to a particular process used by a copyright owner. The absence of the unique compounds in a processed material thus indicates that the processing has been without the authorization of the copyright owner.

Abstract: Process for improving the efficiency of a fuel cell system having a liquid coolant and a pump circulating the coolant through the fuel cell and a heat exchanger that extracts heat from the coolant. Improved efficiency is achieved by intermittently shutting off the pump when the fuel cell is operating at less than 25% of its “full power” design point.

Abstract: Phosphate ester based functional fluids containing novel anti-erosion additives provides enhanced results in erosion control.

Abstract: Phosphate ester based functional fluids containing novel anti-erosion additives provides enhanced results in erosion control.