Abstract: A process for measuring the lamina size distribution comprises the steps of uniformly spreading sampled laminae over a conveyor and transporting the same; image-forming the conveyed lamina at a detection region having a given area by using a television camera each time when the lamina moves by a length corresponding to that of the detection region; storing in a memory binary video data which are converted from the video signal obtained by the image-forming; processing the stored video data to encircle continuous ones of the binary data which correspond to the lamina with a rectangular frame; counting the number of continuous ones of the binary data; converting the continuous ones of the binary data in the frame into the other ones binary data after counting; successively carrying out the same processing of different continuous ones of binary data to calculate the size of respective laminae; and measuring the distribution of the lamina size upon the basis of the calculation results.

Abstract: In marine seismic exploration, the distortion introduced by an anomalous surface layer is removed from seismograms. The surface layer travel time, obtained for example from fathometer readings, is converted to a model depth section of the anomalous surface layer. Another model depth section includes an assigned control layer without the anomaly. From these two depth sections, time corrections are obtained. These time corrections are applied to the seismograms at the time of reflection from each of the subsurface interfaces.