Abstract: A method of decreasing atherosclerosis and its complications including but not limited to myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral vascular disease wherein the method involves administering to a human or an animal an amount of an inhibitor of the release of LHRH or GnRH.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions comprising acyl derivatives of 2?-deoxyribonucleosides. The invention also relates to methods of treating or preventing radiation, mutagen and sunlight-induced biological damage, and methods for improving wound healing and tissue repair, comprising administering the compositions of the present invention to an animal.

Abstract: A novel method has been found to produce 2,2?-anhydro-1-(?-L-arabinofuranosyl)thymine as a novel useful intermediate compound. A novel method has been further found to produce thymidine from 2,2?-anhydro-1-(?-L-arabinofuranosyl)thymine. A novel method has been further found to L-2?-deoxyribose derivatives as a useful synthetic intermediate through L-2,2?-anhydro-5,6-dihydrocyclouridine derivative. According to these methods, synthesis of various L-nucleic acid derivatives, synthesis of which has been difficult till now.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions comprising acyl derivatives of cytidine and uridine. The invention also relates to methods of treating hepatopathies, diabetes, heart disease, cerebrovascular disorders, Parkinson's disease, infant respiratory distress syndrome and for enhancement of phospholipid biosynthesis comprising administering the acyl derivatives of the invention to an animal.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of reducing intraocular pressure. The method comprises administering to a subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a purinerginic receptor ligand, which is a mononucleoside polyphosphate or dinucleoside polyphosphate defined by general Formula I. The method of the present invention is useful in the treatment or prevention of ocular hypertension, such as glaucoma, including primary and secondary glaucoma. The method can be used alone to reduce intraocular pressure. The method can also be used in conjunction with other therapeutic agents or adjunctive therapy commonly used to treat glaucoma to enhance the therapeutic effect of reducing the intraocular pressure.

Abstract: The present invention provides alkylphosphonate dimers and oligonucleotides prepared therefrom. The invention further provides novel methods for the preparation of these alkylphosphonate dimers. Methods for the preparation of substantially diastereomerically pure alkylphosphonate dimers are also provided.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of a phosphorothioate triester is provided. The process comprises the coupling of an H-phosphonate with an alcohol in the presence of a solution comprising both a coupling agent and a sulfur transfer agent. Preferably, the H-phosphonate and alcohol are protected nucleosides or oligonucleotides.

Abstract: Provided is an agent serving as a binder and a disintegrant for dry direct compression having a high binding property and fluidity. More specifically, provided are low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose having coiled fibers; an agent serving both as a binder and a disintegrant for dry direct compression and a solid preparation, each comprising the low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose; and a process for producing the low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose having coiled fibers.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing protected nucleosides comprises reacting a nucleoside with a protecting reagent in the presence of a regioselective activator to produce a regioselectively protected nucleoside. In some embodiments of the inventive method, an optionally substituted trityl or optionally substituted pixyl group is selectively added to the 5?-O-position of a nucleoside in the presence of lutidine as activator or activator/solvent. The inventive method results in improved selectivity of the 5?-O-position over the 3?-O-position, thereby improving overall product yield and purity, and permitting simplified purification protocols, in some cases obviating the need for chromatography to produce a purified protected nucleoside suitable for automated synthesis of oligonucleotides, such as primers, probes and antisense molecules.

Abstract: Based on research for compounds that can display a corneal epithelial migration promoting effect in ophthalmology, the present invention provides P2Y receptor agonist corneal epithelial migration promoters, such as phosphoric acid compounds having an adenosyl group, uridyl group, xanthosyl group, guanosyl group, or thymidyl group, or their salts, with excellent corneal epithelial migration promoting effects.

Abstract: New pharmaceutical compositions for oral use containing Diclofenac together with alkali metal bicarbonates in amounts of from 20 to 80 by weight with respect to Diclofenac are described. These compositions are entirely palatable and free from any unpleasant taste or other side effects; in particular, these formulations permit to obtain in human patients higher Cmax of the active principle and shorter Tmax together with a lower coefficient of variation.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel compounds that are partial and full A1 adenosine receptor agonists, useful for treating various disease states, in particular tachycardia and atrial flutter, angina, and myocardial infarction.

Abstract: A method and preparation for the stimulation of tear secretion in a subject in need of such treatment is disclosed. The method comprises administering to the ocular surfaces of the subject a purinergic receptor agonist such as uridine 5?-triphosphate [UTP], dinucleotides, cytidine 5?-triphosphate [CTP], adenosine 5?-triphosphate [ATP], or their therapeutically useful analogs and derivatives, in an amount effective to stimulate tear fluid secretion and enhance drainage of the lacrimal system. Pharmaceutical formulations and methods of making the same are also disclosed. Methods of administering the same would include: topical administration via a liquid, gel, cream, or as part of a contact lens or selective release membrane; or systemic administration via nasal drops or spray, inhalation by nebulizer or other device, oral form (liquid or pill), injectable, intra-operative instillation or suppository form.

Abstract: Certain cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors are useful for the treatment and prevention of tumors and tumor-related disorders and cachexia.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the process for the preparation of 2?-deoxy-2?-halo-?-L-arabinofuranosyl nucleosides, and in particular, 2?-deoxy-2?-fluoro-?-L-arabinofuranosyl thymine (L-FMAU), from L-arabinose, which is commercially available and less expensive than L-ribose or L-xylose, in ten steps. All of the reagents and starting materials are inexpensive and no special equipment is required to carry out the reactions.

Abstract: Novel chiral compounds that mimic and/or modulate the activity of wild-type nucleic acids are disclosed. In general, the compounds are phosphorothioate oligonucleotides wherein the 5?, and the 3?-terminal internucleoside linkages are chirally Sp and internal internucleoside linkages are chirally Rp.

Abstract: Nucleosides, novel nucleoside analog compounds and their novel prodrug forms are disclosed. The novel compounds, prodrugs, or pharmaceutically acceptable esters or salts thereof may be used in pharmaceutical compositions, and such compositions may be used to treat an infection, an infestation, a neoplasm, or an autoimmune disease. The novel compounds may also be used to modulate aspects of the immune system, including modulation of Type 1 and Type 2 activity.

Abstract: A coprecipitant and a nucleic-acid extraction method using the coprecipitant are provided. The coprecipitant has affinity to the nucleic acids, no competitive inhibition to the reverse transcription and no inhibition to the PCR reaction in case of extracting a very small amount of nucleic acids by alcoholic precipitation using isopropyl alcohol or ethanol. Further, the coprecipitant can precipitate with the nucleic acids as a visible white or blue precipitate, thereby to suppress technical errors and enhance the extraction efficiency. A coprecipitant which acts in a process of extracting the nucleic acids by centrifugal separation from biological materials and/or test samples in the same manner as nucleic acids and has ability for precipitating as a visible white or blue precipitate when being separating and concentrating it by alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention provides a peritoneal dialysis solution that contains heat stable osmotic agents such as D-glucitols, gluconic acids and alkylglycosides produced the reduction, oxidation or glycosylation of icodextrins respectively. As a result, osmotic agents that are stable under autoclaving or heat sterilization conditions are provided which reduces the amount of bioincompatible materials in the sterilized peritoneal dialysis solutions. Methods of preparing the D-glucitols, gluconic acids and alkylglycosides are disclosed.

Abstract: Novel chiral compounds that mimic and/or modulate the activity of wild-type nucleic acids are disclosed. In general, the compounds are phosphorothioate oligonucleotides wherein the 5?, and the 3?-terminal internucleoside linkages are chirally Sp and internal internucleoside linkages are chirally Rp.