Abstract: A stereoscopic optical instrument employing liquid crystal lenses such as a pair of spectacles and stereoscopic optical devices has a construction in which left and right liquid crystal lenses are incorporated thereinto such that liquid crystal molecular directors within the lenses are in mirror symmetry with respect to a plane of symmetry which passes through the middle point of the center line connecting the centers of both the lenses and whose normal is the center line.

Abstract: An improvement in a driving method for an optical modulation device having a plurality of picture elements arranged in N lines, each picture element including a pair of oppositely spaced electrodes, and an optical modulation material disposed therebetween and showing at least two stable states with respect to an electric field. A writing operation is carried out respectively for a plurality of blocks each comprising a plurality (n) of lines, the writing operation including: (a) a first step of applying such a voltage signal to picture elements arranged on the n lines as to provide the picture elements with a display state based on a first stable state of the optical modulation material, and (b) a second step of applying such a voltage signal to selected picture elements on the n lines line-by-line as to provide the selected picture elements with a display state based on a second stable state of the optical modulation material; wherein N and n are integers satisfying the relation of N>n.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing a color display from a substantially monochromatic source utilizes a liquid crystal cell combination together with a plechroic filter to differentially polarize the light components comprising the light emitted from the source. The liquid crystal cells are connected in push-pull fashion to individually retard light by one fourth of a wave as a function of the control signal applied to them. A fourth wave plate followed by a linear polarizer completes the optical combination. A signal at a first level applied to the cells causes transmission of one component color and blocks the other. A signal at a second level blocks the one component color and transmits the other. An intermediate level signal transmits both colors, resulting in a third, combination color.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between upper and lower electrode substrates subjected to aligning treatment. The liquid crystal layer includes a nematic liquid crystal added with a chiral material and has a 160.degree.-360.degree. twisted helical structure. A pair of polarizers are disposed adjacent to the electrode substrates with their polarization or absorption axes inclined by respective predetermined angles with respect to the aligning directions of the electrode substrates. At least one of the polarizers is formed by a color polarizer for compensating a wavelength dependence of transmittance (or the coloring due to birefringence) resulting from the anti-coincidence between the polarization or absorption axis of the polarizer and the aligning direction of the electrode substrate, i.e. an optical axis of liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the substrate, so that light emerging from the device becomes approximately achromatic or colorless.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises: a liquid crystal module including liquid crystal display panel having a plurality of liquid crystal picture elements arranged in a matrix form, and driving circuits for applying driving signals to signal electrodes and to scanning electrodes of the liquid crystal display panel, respectively; a control circuit for controlling operations of the liquid crystal module; and a means for inverting polarity of a voltage to be applied to a liquid crystal layer by generating a control signal M' having a period m.tau. which signal inverts the polarity of the voltage to be applied to the liquid crystal layer whenever a clock signal having a period .tau. is counted a predetermined number m/2. However, if a period of a frame frequency is n.tau. and an arbitrary integer is L,(1) m is set to be 2n/(2L-1), or(2) m is set to be n/L and the control signal M' is inverted per said frame period n.tau.

Abstract: The color filter of this invention comprises a transparent substrate, a porous activated film layer formed on the substrate and made of activated alumina or activated silica or a mixture thereof, a colored area or a pattern formed by the dye fixed in the minute pores of the activated film layer, and a coating layer sealingly closing the upper portions of the minute pores of said activated film layer. This color filter is relatively simple and easy to manufacture, superior in resistivity to heat, water, chemicals, solvents, etc. and suitable for use as a color filter in various display devices, particularly liquid crystal display devices.

Abstract: An electron beam-addressed liquid crystal cell for a light valve. The cell (40) includes liquid crystal material (42) sandwiched between two substrates (16, 44). One substrate (44) is addressed by the electron beam (60a, 60b) and includes a coating (51) having a rate of secondary electron emission greater than the characteristic rate of secondary electron emissions of the base layer (49) of the substrate (44). The enhanced secondary electron emission characteristics of the coated substrate (44) permit the cell to be modulated with relatively lower electron beam current for correspondingly higher image resolution.

Abstract: A driving method for a liquid crystal device of the type comprising arranged picture elements each comprising oppositely spaced electrodes, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer and a dielectric layer disposed between the electrodes, the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer having a resistance R(.OMEGA.) and a capacitance C.sub.1 (F), the dielectric layer having a capacitance C.sub.2 (F); wherein a driving voltage having a pulse duration .DELTA.T(sec) set to satisfy the following formula (1) is applied to the picture elements: ##EQU1## wherein a is a coefficient satisfying the relationship of a<.vertline.-Va.vertline./.vertline.V.sub.ON .vertline., V.sub.ON is a value of voltage (volt) applied to a picture element at the time of writing, -Va is a value of voltage (volt) of a reverse polarity applied to the picture element after the application of the writing voltage V.sub.ON, b is a coefficient defined by the equation of b=.vertline.V.sub.1 .vertline./.vertline.V.sub.ON .vertline., and V.sub.