Abstract: A manually operated implement comprising a housing for accommodating a drive motor that drives a tool. A fan wheel is disposed in the housing and is driven by the drive motor. A fan wheel cover covers the fan wheel toward the outer side of the housing. Ribs are disposed on the outer surface of the fan wheel cover and span an intake opening of the fan wheel cover in the vicinity of the fan wheel. Beyond the intake opening, the ribs form channels, and upper faces of the ribs that face away from the outer surface of the fan wheel cover form an intake face that in a second area of the ribs is disposed transverse to the outer surface of the fan wheel cover.

Abstract: A compression-ignition internal combustion engine for aircraft generally comprises a stationary crankshaft, a crankcase adapted to rotate about the stationary crankshaft, and a plurality of cylinders radially extending from the crankcase. Each cylinder includes a piston adapted to reciprocate therein and a connecting rod drivingly coupling the piston to the crankshaft. The engine further comprises a valve assembly for operating an exhaust valve associated with each cylinder and a fuel assembly for supplying fuel to each cylinder. First and second cams mounted on the crankshaft are adapted to operate the valve assembly and fuel assembly in a timed manner as the crankcase rotates about the crankshaft. The engine also includes a propeller synchronizer for adjusting the pitch of a plurality of propellers radially extending from the rotating crankcase.

Abstract: A cylinder for a two-stroke engine has a cylinder wall defining a cylinder interior. A cylinder head closes of a combustion chamber in the cylinder interior. An exhaust is connected to the cylinder interior. At least one transfer passage having a transfer port opens into the cylinder interior. The at least one transfer passage is disposed in the cylinder wall for connecting a crank case of the two-stroke engine to the combustion chamber. The at least one transfer passage has at the level of the transfer port at least one flow deflecting rib having a radial spacing from the transfer port in a radial outward direction relative to a longitudinal cylinder axis.

Abstract: An oil return passage for returning oil from a cylinder head to an oil pan is arranged along the downward first side surface of an engine that is mounted in a vehicle such that a center axis of a cylinder thereof is slanted with respect to a vertical direction of the vehicle. An oil return extension pipe is coupled to an outlet end of the oil return passage, and extends toward a second side surface of the engine that is opposite from the first side surface on which the oil return passage is provided. Thus, engine oil can be reliably returned to the oil pan from the cylinder head of the engine even when the vehicle is experiencing high acceleration in a direction that tends to cause backflow of the oil through the engine oil return system.

Abstract: A four stroke internal combustion engine (110) having at least one cylinder (13) having a double acting piston (16) dividing the cylinder into two combustion chambers (14 & 15) and being reciprocable within the cylinder (13) to perform a power stroke producing work on a crankshaft (21) whilst moving towards or away from the crankshaft. The piston (16) has a pivotal connection (30) with a connecting rod (17) in turn connected directly to the crankshaft (21). A separation plate (18) separates the engine sump (12) from the adjacent combustion chamber (15) and accommodates lateral movement of the connecting rod (17) passing sealingly therethrough.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fuel reforming using the exhaust gases from internal combustion engines and high temperature combustion processes in which a fuel for reforming and steam mixture is introduced into a tube bundle having a plurality of heat exchange tubes and heat from the exhaust gases is transferred into the heat exchange tubes, thereby increasing the temperature of the mixture. The heated mixture is reformed by contact with a reforming catalyst external to, but proximate to the exit of, the tube bundle, forming a reformed fuel. To remove substantially all of the heat from the exhaust gases, a plurality of tube bundles and associated reforming catalyst arranged in series are provided.

Abstract: A spherical coupling structure for a piston and a connecting rod, wherein a protrusion provided to the reverse side of a crown of a piston and a holding member for holding a small end are slidably fitted onto a small end, and a holding/fastening part for holding the protrusion and the holding member is screwed in. The piston is composed of an upper piston that includes the protrusion and a lower piston that includes the holding/fastening part. The masses of the upper piston and lower piston are distributed so as to substantially match each other.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine that includes individually-cooled cylinder assemblies. Direct raw-water cooling is provided for the engine's intercooler, oil cooler, and heat exchanger, which is used for the purpose of cooling a fresh water coolant circulating individually through each of the engines' separate cylinders.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine that includes individual, liquid-cooled, cylinder assemblies mounted separately to a common cylinder carrier. A modular cylinder carrier that is assembled from separate cylinder mounting modules and main bearing bulkheads.

Abstract: The disclosure allows a short runner valve or manifold tuning valve type manifold tuning device to retain sufficient force on the valve assembly in its closed state to eliminate any vibration or chatter from the system under normal engine operation. The disclosure also allows the device to be “pulsed” to the open or closed position; thus no electrical power is required to keep the system in one state. This is especially useful if activated times are extended due to certain engine operating conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus (100) for a gaseous fuel injection system includes a first chamber (15b) connectable with a source of gaseous fuel at a required inlet pressure, a second chamber (15c) connectable with an engine or other apparatus so as to supply gaseous fuel thereto and further connected with said first chamber (15b) through a controllable valving means. A flow control means (25) has an inlet connectable with the first chamber (15b) and an outlet connectable with an orifice (25b) for controlling the pressure at the outlet of the flow control means (25) to be no more than 53% of the inlet pressure.

Abstract: A V-twin engine having a crankcase and a pair of cylinders defining a V-space therebetween, wherein the V-space is substantially enclosed, and a carburetor is positioned within the V-space. An intake air preheating arrangement supplies heated intake air to the carburetor, and a carburetor heating arrangement heats the V-space and the carburetor which is positioned within the V-space. Each of the foregoing arrangements, used separately or in combination within one another, aids in preventing “freeze-up” of the carburetor during running of the engine in a cold environment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus controls intake air humidification spraying with at least two spraying nozzles (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) for spraying a liquid into the intake air. When an amount of the liquid to be supplied through the spraying nozzles increases, liquid flow passages are opened for more nozzles (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) and/or the liquid flow is directed into a flow passage leading to one of the spraying nozzles that permits a larger liquid flow per unit of time than another of the spraying nozzles, and when an amount of the liquid to be supplied through the nozzles decreases, liquid flow channels are closed at least for one of the spraying nozzles (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) and/or the liquid flow is directed to one of the spraying nozzles that permits a smaller liquid flow per unit of time than another of the spraying nozzles.

Abstract: The invention relates to the structure of internal combustion engine without a connecting rod and a method of its construction. The proposed method of construction describes the consecutive steps in creating the engine and allows the creation of internal combustion engine without a connecting rod with six and more even number of arc-like units (6) whereat the heating of the opposite arc-like units (6) in the center O.sub.1 of the engine is removed. The complex mounting and dismounting of the engine shaft is eliminated too, because according to the invention the engine shaft is not articulated of several details, but it is whole, uncut. Besides, the possibility is obtained for a change of the revolutions of the engine shaft (11) without reductor in one and the same stroke frequency of the pistons (3) movement by changing only the number of working cylinders of the engine.

Abstract: A cooling structure for uniformly cooling a bore wall of a cylinder block using a cooling medium, the bore wall surrounding plural bore regions, includes a water jacket portion which is provided so as to surround an entire outer periphery of the bore wall, and which is supplied with the cooling medium; and a water jacket spacer which is inserted in the water jacket portion such that a space is provided between the bore wall and the water jacket spacer. The cylinder block includes an inter-bore region which is positioned in a vicinity of a boundary between the bore regions adjacent to each other, and a region other than the inter-bore region; and a cross sectional area of the space between the bore wall and the water jacket spacer in the inter-bore region is smaller than a cross sectional area of the space between the bore wall and the water jacket spacer in the region other than the inter-bore region.

Abstract: A system and method for limiting HC, CO, CO2, and NOx emissions in an internal combustion engine is provided. According to one aspect of the disclosure, a substantially carbon-free fuel, such as hydrogen (H2), is used to fuel combustion in an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine is operated, at least some of the time, at an equivalence ratio less than 1 and a boost pressure ratio greater than 1.

Abstract: A cooling structure for uniformly cooling a bore wall of a cylinder block using a cooling medium, the bore wall surrounding plural bore regions, includes a water jacket portion which is provided so as to surround an entire outer periphery of the bore wall, and which is supplied with the cooling medium; a water jacket spacer which is inserted in the water jacket portion; a passage through which the cooling medium in a portion of an inter-bore region is transferred to another portion of the inter-bore region, the inter-bore region being positioned in a vicinity of a boundary between the bore regions adjacent to each other; and a flow promotion device which increases a flow rate of the cooling medium flowing in the passage.

Abstract: An engine cooling system is described that uses the same actuator to adjust both fan speed and coolant pump speed based on operating conditions of the engine and vehicle. The airflow and coolant flow are thus dependent, however, they are independent from engine speed.

Abstract: A variable intake passage is made of a tubular space that is formed with a fixed member and a movable member arranged to face the fixed member and having a relative position with the fixed member changed. The movable member is moved to increase or decrease a distance of an air introducing portion from the combustion chamber to thereby change a passage length. The variable intake passage has a cross section that gradually increases from an upstream side to a downstream side in the air introducing direction. When the passage length of the variable intake passage is changed, the cross section of the air introducing portion of the variable intake passage is changed correspondingly.

Abstract: A method for selecting compression ratio of a variable compression ratio internal combustion engine when such engine is operating under an idle condition is disclosed. The compression ratio is selected to avoid engine knock, an undesirable phenomenon which is more likely at higher temperatures, higher compression ratios, lower engine speeds, and higher engine torques. The selected compression ratio is based on one or more of engine torque required to drive engine accessories, engine coolant temperature, engine air temperature, and transmission status (neutral idle or drive idle). A normalized airflow parameter is computed or found in a lookup table based on engine coolant temperature and engine air temperature. When actual normalized airflow (that which provides necessary engine torque to drive engine accessories and overcome engine friction) exceeds normalized airflow parameter exceeds, a higher compression ratio is selected.