Abstract: Apparatus, means and methods of converting existing refineries and hydrocarbon processing facilities to ecologically friendly refineries (“eco-refinery”) are disclosed that employ heat and stored thermal energy for their internal processes to enable the overall operation of the facilities under improved environmental and carbon-neutral conditions. Also disclosed are the use of liquid organic hydrocarbon carriers (LOHC) to generate heat, hydrogen, and electricity under carbon-neutral conditions to power partially or wholly converted refineries and eco-refineries to enable the efficient use of clean energy sources and prevent the release of carbon dioxide to the environment.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of battery technologies, and in particular, to a binder and a preparation method thereof, and a separator, electrode assembly, battery cell, battery, and electric apparatus containing such binder. The binder includes a core layer structure and a shell layer structure provided on surface of the core layer structure, where the core layer structure includes a polyvinylidene fluoride polymer, and the shell layer structure includes a polyacrylate polymer. Polyvinylidene fluoride is a homopolymer with a crystallinity of about 50%, resulting in insufficient adhesion force.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus and method for continuously separating, removing and purifying the solid residue, resulting from the conversion of hydrocarbons into carbon and hydrogen, from the homogeneous phase of different density contained in a cracking reactor with which said solid residue is not soluble, and where the separation of the solid carbon occur at two subsequent moments: a first separation occurs inside the reactor between the reaction products, including carbon, and the melting bath; a second separation then occurs outside the reactor between the carbon and the gas produced in a separation system (1) of the solid phase from the gas phase, where said separation system (1) also includes carbon purification.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods to eliminate PFAS from wastewater biosolids through fluidized bed gasification. The gasifier decomposes the PFAS in the biosolids at temperatures of 900-1800° F. Syngas exits the gasifier which is coupled to a thermal oxidizer and combusts at temperatures of 1600-2600° F. This decomposes PFAS in the syngas and creates flue gas. Heat is recovered from the flue gas by cooling the flue gas to temperatures of 400-1200° F. in a heat exchanger coupled with the thermal oxidizer. Various methods inject moisture into the gas stream, controlling temperature through evaporative cooling and/or injecting chemicals that react with gas stream components. Cooled flue gas mixes with hydrated lime capturing decomposed PFAS molecules with spent lime filtered from the cooled flue gas using a filter system that may incorporate catalyst impregnated filter elements, eliminating PFAS from wastewater biosolids and controlling emissions in the resulting flue gas.

Abstract: A case, a battery, a power consuming device, and a method for assembling a case are provided. The case includes a first case body, an accommodating groove, a sealant, and a second case body. The first case body is provided with an opening. The accommodating groove is provided in a peripheral direction of the opening. The sealant is accommodated in the accommodating groove. The second case body is provided with a peripherally-arranged joint part. The joint part is configured to extend into the accommodating groove and be joined with the sealant when the second case body covers the opening, so as to form a sealed connection between the first case body and the second case body. The accommodating groove can limit the sealant, the sealant does not shift in the accommodating groove, and a sealing failure is less likely to occur, thus ensuring the sealing performance of the sealant.

Abstract: A separator for an electrochemical device including a heat resistant layer and an adhesive layer and a method for manufacturing the same. The separator uses a heat resistant polymer having a high melting point for a heat resistant layer and shows excellent peel strength between the separator substrate and the heat resistant layer and high adhesion between the separator and an electrode.

Abstract: The disclosed technology relates to Zinc salts of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (“DMTD”), and electrode therewith for use in zinc ion battery systems.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an aluminum case of a battery includes: attaching an insulating layer to at least one surface of the plate body with an adhesive layer, wherein the adhesive layer is disposed between the insulating layer and the plate body; stamping, before the adhesive layer is cured, the plate body coated with the insulating layer to form the aluminum case in a predetermined shape, wherein during the stamping of the plate body, the insulating layer is movable relative to the plate body since the adhesive layer is not cured; and curing the adhesive layer after the stamping of the plate body is completed so that the insulating layer is fixed to the plate body, thereby avoiding detachment of the insulating layer and the plate body on the aluminum case.

Abstract: A method, system, and apparatus for decomposing a biomass feedstock include providing a layer of inert particulate matter, such as sand, to line and insulate the bottom surface of a main chamber of a reactor where pyrolysis and oxidation are conducted to produce char and producer gases as primary products. In an embodiment, feedstock positioned in a side region of the reaction chamber insulates side walls of the main chamber from heat in the center region of the main chamber. In an embodiment of the method, a rate of removal of solid products such as char from the reactor is controlled in response to a temperature detected at a position of an extraction tube inlet of the reactor. Activated charcoal may be obtained as a primary product using the system and method, by feeding oxygen into the reactor at an inlet positioned adjacent to an inlet to the extraction chamber.

Abstract: A battery cell, a battery, and an electric apparatus are disclosed. The battery cell includes: an electrode assembly including a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate, where the positive electrode plate includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material disposed on the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode active material including an active material capable of reversibly deintercalating and intercalating sodium ions, and the negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode current collector, the negative electrode current collector including a metal substrate; where a constituent material of the metal substrate includes element aluminum, and a mass percentage of the element aluminum is greater than a mass percentage of each of other elements.

Abstract: This disclosure details exemplary traction battery pack designs for use in electrified vehicles. An exemplary traction battery pack may include a venting system having one or more vent exhaust channels. The vent exhaust channels may be integrated with an enclosure assembly of the battery pack for purging battery vent byproducts from the battery pack during cell venting events. In some embodiments, the vent exhaust channels are coated with a thermal protective coating for reducing heat dissipation to surrounding components.

Abstract: A waste conversion apparatus and a method of implementing the apparatus are provided. The apparatus includes a control system, and a feedstock analysis system or output analysis system. A plasma forming device within a reactor of the waste conversion apparatus is controlled by the control system to apply a plasma arc to a supply of waste feedstock supplied to the system. Integrated feedback control is provided to the plasma forming device based on an analysis by the feedback analysis system to characterize of the supply of waste feedstock, and/or an analysis by the output analysis system to characterize a gas product from the reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein, inter alia, are novel nickel-iron-magnesium oxide catalyst compositions and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: Disclosed are a positive electrode coating material for a lithium secondary battery including graphene oxide surface-modified with cationic functional groups, a preparation method thereof, and a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery comprising the coating material. The positive electrode coating material prevents the leaching of lithium polysulfide, thereby improving battery performance.

Abstract: A battery sub-packing unit includes at least one battery cell; and a case accommodating the at least one battery cell, wherein the case comprises an end panel on which an electrode tab of the at least one battery cell is fastened to extend into an external space, and having a lower end portion in which a sub-vent hole is formed for communication between the external space and an internal space in which the at least one battery cell is disposed.

Abstract: A gas production apparatus includes: a separator configured to separate and capture a separated gas including carbon dioxide as a main component from an exhaust gas of exhaust gas equipment; reactors which are downstream of the separator, each of the reactors: (i) containing a reductant configured to contact the separated gas to produce carbon monoxide through a reduction reaction of carbon dioxide; (ii) being configured to separate at least some oxygen atoms split off from carbon dioxide in the reduction reaction; and (iii) having a reducing agent containing a metal oxide configured to reduce carbon dioxide as the reductant; a reducer configured to supply a reducing gas containing a reducing substance configured to reduce the reducing agent oxidized by contact with carbon dioxide; a pressure regulator configured to regulate a pressure of the separated gas; and a flow regulator configured to regulate a flow rate of the separated gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and system for converting carbon material into power. Carbon material 12 is gasified into synthesis gas 18 in a gasifier 16, and steam 14 is supplied to the gasifier 16. The synthesis gas 18 is supplied to a gas turbine 30, 36, 38 to produce power. Air 24 is added to the synthesis gas 18 prior to the gas turbine 30, 36, 38. Exhaust gas 40 from the gas turbine 30, 36, 38 is cooled in a first cooling device 42 with water 46 to produce steam 52. The steam is used in at least one steam turbine to produce power 56 and the steam 58 from at least one steam turbine 56 is recycled to the gasifier 16.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell assembly includes an electrochemical cell including housing and a negative active material disposed within a first electrode chamber of the housing. The negative active material includes lead. The electrochemical cell further includes a positive active material disposed within a second electrode chamber of the housing and a separator disposed in the housing between the first electrode chamber and the second electrode chamber. The positive active material includes lead and/or lead dioxide. The electrochemical cell assembly further includes a pumping assembly configured to pump a plurality of electrolytes through either the first electrode chamber or the second electrode chamber during operation of the electrochemical cell based on a process of a cell cycle of the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus may permit the generation of consistent output synthesis gas from highly variable input feedstock solids carbonaceous materials. A stoichiometric objectivistic chemic environment may be established to stoichiometrically control carbon content in a solid carbonaceous materials gasifier system. Processing of carbonaceous materials may include dominative pyrolytic decomposition and multiple coil carbonaceous reformation. Dynamically adjustable process determinative parameters may be utilized to refine processing, including process utilization of negatively electrostatically enhanced water species, process utilization of flue gas, and adjustment of process flow rate characteristics. Recycling may be employed for internal reuse of process materials, including recycled negatively electrostatically enhanced water species, recycled flue gas, and recycled contaminants.

Abstract: A method and design of providing high temperature heat for an endothermic gasifier without combustion includes flowing a stream of a first hydrocarbon gas sequentially through an annular plenum and a cylindrical plenum while heating the gas using electrical resistance immersion heating elements. These heating elements may be heated by three phase electrical power, minimizing the number of electrical leads emerging from the top of the heating elements. This method and design reduces the risk of extremely hot syngas exiting the gasifier damaging downstream fittings.