Abstract: An enzyme electrode for measuring malto-oligosaccharides having a co-immobilized enzyme membrane containing glucoamylase and a glucose oxidizing enzyme such as glucose oxidase or pyranose oxidase.The glucoamylase and glucose oxidizing enzyme are immobilized at a ratio of ##EQU1## where Va is the maximum reaction rate of glucoamylase as expressed in the glucose formation rate from maltose, and Vo is the maximum reaction rate of glucose oxidizing enzyme as expressed in the hydrogen peroxide formation rate from glucose.In such enzyme electrode, malto-oligosaccharides are detected at the response value proportional to their degree of polymerization. Therefore, the malto-oligosaccharides can be measured at the glucose converted concentration.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for maintaining a biological sample on a support. The apparatus has a hollow chamber with internal and external surfaces and first and second ends. The first and second ends have first and second releasable closures. The apparatus maintains the support in contact with a liquid medium at all times regardless of the orientation of the apparatus. The apparatus is useful for isolating and culturing microorganisms.

Abstract: Determination of a plurality of species of antibodies or antigens is attained by a method which comprises forming a plurality of different kinds of reaction membranes each having a different species of antibody or antigen on an electrophoretic carrier, superposing these reaction membranes, optionally superposing a filter on the laminate of reaction membranes, inserting the laminate in an electrolyte, adding a plurality of different species of antigens or antibodies corresponding to the plurality of species of antibodies or antigens supported in the aforementioned reaction membranes, electrophoretically moving the added antigens or antibodies through the electrolyte and enabling them to react with the antibodies or antigens supported on the reaction membranes, and measuring the concentrations of either the antigens or antibodies resulting from the reaction or the antibodies or antigens supported in an unreacted form on the reaction membranes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous flow competitive assay system for the detection and measurement of chemical and biochemical analytes. It is a time-based, continuous on-line measurement of analyte concentrations comprising three functional assemblies connected in series: a sampler, a reactor and a detector. Tagged immunochemical discharged from the reactor is detected in the detector which contains a model of system response with the tagged immunochemical and keeps track of the amount of tagged immunochemical lost during the course of the operation of the reactor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing a sample to determine an analyte content has a sensor for sensing the analyte positioned between a first and second transducer. The analyte or derivatives thereof are reciprocated between the first and second transducer to reciprocate at the sensor and allow instantaneous sensing of an indication of the analyte's presence at a point between the first and second transducer. Rapid analysis can be carried out in many different systems including for example where the transducers are enzyme reactors and the analytes are body metabolites.

Abstract: A spin filter for removing substantially cell-free medium from a stirred suspension culture vessel, wherein a stationary baffle is arranged in the interior space of the spin filter to disrupt liquid flow therein and minimize the tendency of cells to collect on and foul the inner-facing filter surfaces, the filter surface being sized to substantially exclude materials greater than about 8 to 10 microns, and the spin filter being rotatable independent of, and in a rotational direction opposite to, the vessel stirring device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the detection of the growth of microorganisms through infrared analysis of a sample of the gas produced by growth of the microorganism is descirbed. In the method, a sample of the headspace gas in a vial containing a growth medium which has been inoculated with a sample suspected of containing a microorganism is removed and transferred to a sample cell where infrared analysis is used to determine the presence of carbon dioxide, if any, produced by the growth of the microorganism.

Abstract: A method of assaying a sample of whole blood for one member of a specific binding pair, the method involving treating the sample with salt to alter the red blood cells in the sample to decrease their ability to pass through filter media, exposing the resulting sample to a filter which retains the red blood cells but allows the passage therethrough of filtrate of the sample containing the member of the specific binding pair, and measuring the member of the filtrate.