Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining the concentration of alcohol present in a gaseous mixture wherein an electronic device employing a fuel cell determines the concentration of alcohol present in the gaseous mixture is disclosed. In particular, the device may be used to determine a person's sobriety by determining the alcohol concentration in a breath sample. To determine the alcohol concentration, the device must be able to accurately determine the volume of breath in the breath sample. The device controls the volume of the breath sample by measuring the pressure of the breath flow through the device and, in response to the pressure, electronically controlling a valve diverting a portion of the breath flow into the fuel cell thereby indicating and ensuring that a predefined requisite amount of breath flow has passed thru the fuel cell.

Abstract: A micro-viscosity sensor for measuring the viscosity of a lubricant. The micro-viscosity sensor including at least one finger-like element or an array of finger-like elements vertically extending from the surface of a semiconductor base, the at least one finger-like element being oscillated at a desired frequency. The power required to oscillate the at least one-finger-like element is monitored because the power required is a function of the viscosity of the lubricant. The sensor also includes a temperature detector, wherein the thermal conductivity of the temperature detector varies in correspondence with the temperature of the lubricant. A first set of electrical contacts provides for electrical connection to the at least one finger-like element; and a second set of electrical contacts provides for electrical connection to the temperature detector.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for freon and other refrigerant matching, particularly for servicing of air conditioning systems for automotive applications. The matching process is based upon the comparison of resistance or infrared absorption or other data readings of a gas-sensing resistance or infrared absorption or other transducer applied to the refrigerant fluid under test and corresponding data from reference refrigerants.

Abstract: Odors are detected and/or recognized by aspirating samples of odors and odorless air mutually exclusively into an aspirating input of a venturi mixing nozzle along with operating or dilution air and having an assessor or panelist sniff the output of the venturi to determine the presence or absence of odor and to identify an odor, if present. The dilution ratio for each sample tested is changed by feeding the sample odor, or odorless air, to the venturi selectively through branches having different sized restrictive orifices thereby obtaining a wide range of dilution ratios for a particular odor. The different branches are selected by electrically operated solenoid valves which are programmably activated by a programmable logic controller (PLC) as the assessor successively tests each sample. For each sample, the assessor makes three sniffing tests by operating a three position rotary switch before making a selection or decision as to the presence and/or recognition of an odor.

Abstract: A Lambda probe type gas sensor for use in determining the oxygen content of exhaust gases produced by an internal combustion engine includes a sensor element of the electrochemical, solid electrolyte, metallic oxide semiconductor or Lambda air-fuel ratio variety, which sensor element is arranged in a metallic housing and is contacted by connecting cables that are brought out of the metallic housing. These connecting cables are each surrounded by cable insulation that is made of PTFE (Polytetra-fluoroethylene). The surface of the cable insulation has, at least in certain areas, a gas-permeable section that allows a reference atmosphere to arrive inside the cable insulation and, from there, in the metallic housing. The gas-permeable section, on the other hand, prevents ingress of liquids such as fuel, condensed water, etc., This is achieved, for example, by an additionally applied, PTFE film that is placed over the gas-permeable section.

Abstract: The mass of particulate of an effluent gas flowing in a stack is directly measured with a mass measurement assembly supported within the stack. The mass measurement assembly preferably includes an inertial mass measurement transducer which provides near real-time mass readings. The mass measurement assembly also includes a particulate collector which can be equilibrated in situ. A pressure transducer measures a pressure differential across the equilibrated collector prior to sampling, to determine a pressure coefficient of frequency in a calibration operation. The pressure transducer also measures a pressure differential across the collector during sampling which measurement is used along with the pressure coefficient of frequency to derive an adjusted mass reading, corrected to compensate for pressure changes.

Abstract: A module for an on-board evaporative emission leak detection system that detects leakage from an evaporative emission space of an automotive vehicle fuel system, and corresponding method that calibrates a leak detection module pump to set a desired stroke of a moveable wall in the pump of such evaporative emission leak detection system. A pump disposed within interior space of the module has an inlet in communication with the interior space and an outlet that communicates through a flow passage with the evaporative emission space. A vent valve within the interior space is selectively operable to a first state that vents the flow passage to the interior space of the module, thereby venting the evaporative emission space to atmosphere, and to a second state that does not vent the flow passage to the interior space. An electromechanical actuator within the interior space operates the pump and the vent valve by respective magnetically responsive levers.

Abstract: A tracer gas leak detector that analyzes a test gas for presence of a tracer gas therein, including at least one gas analyzer, a secondary pump whose suction inlet is connected to the gas analyzer, a primary pump connected to the secondary pump outlet via a first pipe fitted with a first valve, and a second pipe connecting the first pipe from a point situated between the first valve and the primary pump to an inlet of the detector for connection to an enclosure via a pre-evacuated flow and said gas analyzer receiving said test gas from a part of said pre-evacuated flow, the second pipe being fitted with a second valve, the primary pump serving to pre-evacuate the enclosure, wherein a sampling member for sampling the flow travelling along the second pipe is situated directly on the wall of the second pipe in direct contact with the flow and is connected via a duct directly to the analyzer, the sampling member having flow conductance enabling the pressure in the duct to be compatible with operation of the gas a

Abstract: A system and method for detecting leakage of a part, includes a controller for generating a start command, a voltage generating circuit for generating at least one high voltage pulse signal in response to the start command, at least one testing station including first and second probes for placing a non-conductive part therebetween and for applying the at least one high voltage pulse signal to the non-conductive part, and an inductive detector detecting current from one of the first and second probes. The inductive detector generates a detection signal in response to the detection and transmits it to the controller. The controller compares the detection signal with a reference signal and determines any presence of leaks in the non-conductive parts based on the comparison result.

Abstract: A method for evaluating drilling fluids to be used with clay-rich rocks such as shales which comprises collecting shales so as to preserve the downhole hydration condition and then submitting such preserved shale to Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis, so as to obtain the derivative curve of mass with respect to temperature, then immersing a sample of the same piece of rock in the drilling fluid of which the interaction with the clay-rich rock is to be ascertained and obtaining TGA analysis at successive periods of time of immersion of the sample, so as to determine the modifications undergone by the sample immersed in the drillling fluid. From the modifications undergone by the sample it is possible to evaluate the adequacy of the drilling fluid to be contacted with the clay-rich rock.

Abstract: A module for an on-board evaporative emission leak detection system that detects leakage from an evaporative emission space of an automotive vehicle fuel system. A pump disposed within interior space of the module has an inlet in communication with the interior space and an outlet that communicates through a flow passage by with the evaporative emission space. A vent valve within the interior space is selectively operable to a first state that vents the flow passage to the interior space of the module, thereby venting the evaporative emission space to atmosphere, and to a second state that does not vent the flow passage to the interior space. An electromechanical actuator within the interior space operates the pump and the vent valve by respective magnetically responsive levers. For absorbing impact of a lever with stops, an elastomeric part is disposed on an arm of the lever.

Abstract: In an optoacoustic gas sensor having a sensor body (1, 2), a light source (10), a measurement cell (6) with a gas-permeable membrane (15), a measurement microphone (13), and an optical measurement filter (11) between the light source (10) and the measurement cell (6), a reference cell (7) is included that is separate from the measurement cell (6). The reference cell (7) has a reference microphone (14) that is shielded against optoacoustic signals from the gas to be detected via the reference cell being substantially free from intensity-modulated optical radiation having an absorption wavelength of the gas to be detected. The measurement signal, which indicates gas concentration, is obtained by subtraction of the signals from the two microphones (13, 14).

Abstract: A system, container, and methods are provided for containing and handling a toxic gas. The system preferably includes a first container having toxic gas stored therein and a second container including a base and a lid mounted to the base when in a closed position. The base has an inner chamber formed therein, and the first container is preferably mounted in the inner chamber so that an interstitial space is formed around at least portions of the first container. The system also preferably includes a toxic gas use remover connected to the first container and extending through the second container for removing toxic gas from the first container for use and a toxic gas detoxifying remover connected to the second container for removal of toxic gas when located within the interstitial space of the second container and for detoxifying the toxic gas thereafter.

Abstract: A method for automatically detecting waste gas. The waste gas is led into a multiple switching valve through which the waste gas is sampled. Then, the waste gas sample is conveyed to an empty column and/or a chromatographic column, via the multiple switching valve. Then, the total hydrocarbon content of the waste gas sample is measured when the waste gas sample is conveyed to the empty column, and the waste gas sample is separated for measuring individual volatile organic compound concentrations of the waste gas sample when the waste as sample is conveyed to the chromatographic column.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and device for the automatic analysis of volatile substances in gases, in particular volatile substances in air, the method comprising the following successive steps: a) the gas to be analyzed is passed through an absortion solution or reaction solution via a sponging type exposure; and b) the solution is analyzed by a gas or liquid chromatography apparatus once the gases reach dissolved solution equilibrium with such absortion solution or reaction solution. According to the invention, samples as tiny as 10-100 microliters of the absortion solution or reaction solution are located in a depression in the bottom of a reaction recipient vessel and, when it has been acted on by the gas to be analyzed thereby additionally forming a reaction product mixed therein, is removed with a cannula and taken for chemical analysis via capillary gas chromatography (CGC) or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipment means.

Abstract: The leakage inspection for a compressed natural gas (CNG) supply piping system where a filling passage 4 and a supplying passage 5 are provided in a valve body 3 which serves as a block of a CNG fuel container. The filling passage 4 and the supplying passage are provided with a manual stop valves 13 and 7. A solenoid valve 8 is disposed at an open end of the supplying passage 8. A CNG filling inlet 10 is provided at an outer end of a filling conduit 9 communicated to the filling passage 4. A conduit 12 extending to an engine is provided with an inspection gas inlet 14. For the leakage inspection, the stop valves 7 and 13 are closed and an inspection gas is introduced from a leakage inspection gas inlet 14 and the filling inlet 10. It is examined by measuring a pressure change in the conduits 9 and 12 to determine whether or not a leakage problem is occurring.

Abstract: A rotational viscometer is disclosed for measuring the viscosity of a rotating fluid. The viscometer includes a measurement disk that is positioned within the rotating fluid and is interconnected via a shaft with a measurement arm mounted within a housing. A light source is mounted within the housing and emits a beam of light onto one or more light receivers. The light receivers provide an output signal that is a function of the amount of light received. An end of the measurement arm is movably disposed between the light source and the light receivers. Pivoting of the measurement arm controls the amount of light received by the light receivers. A signal processor receives the output signals from the light receivers and determines a restorative signal therefrom. The restorative signal is provided to a balance coil which is located adjacent a permanent magnet. The balance coil generates an electromagnetic field as a, function of the restorative signal.

Abstract: An assembly of chromatograph components which operate at a uniform elevated or reduced temperature and perform the functions of sample injection, precolumn backflush, analytical column selection, detection in a reduced mass and volume, and with a reduced surface area for reduced power consumption in accordance with use in a portable gas chromatograph is disclosed. Parts of the assembly including a switching valve assembly, a column plate, a thermal cover and a detector block are thermally-linked and those parts of the assembly which contact the sample including the gas chromatograph columns are maintained at a controlled temperature using, for example, an efficient axial heater, a Peltier cooler or a heat pipe and temperature sensors, thereby increasing analytical confidence.

Abstract: A gravimetric cup for containing a liquid sample to be measured for moisture or vapor transmission loss therefrom, such gravimetric cup having a lower cup body and a cover, the cover having an outer edge rim alignable with an upper edge rim of the cup for mounting a film membrane thereacross, and the cover having radial, upwardly curved ribs extending between the outer edge rim and a center hub region so as to provide an evenly distributed clamping force upon the membrane. The cup body has a pair of upwardly projecting posts, each having an engagement channel. A clamping bar has slotted ends for engaging against the respective post engagement channels, and a center threaded hole for receiving the threaded shank of a tightening knob that applies downward force to the cover.

Abstract: A sensing device for protecting a sensor from environmental conditions present in a turbine is provided. The sensing device comprises a heat pipe exposed to the environmental conditions for protecting the sensor from these conditions. The sensing device further comprises a sensor located in a center channel of the heat pipe and a working fluid located in an annulus of the heat pipe to aid in regulating heat along the length of the heat pipe. In alternate embodiments, the sensing device further comprises power wires extending from a power source outside the turbine to the sensor for supplying power to the sensor, and signal wires extending from the sensor to a data acquisition system outside the turbine for transmitting readings from the sensor to the data acquisition system.