Abstract: Dye mixtures particularly suitable for dyeing polyester material by the exhaust process containing at least two dicyanobenzanthrone compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl group and X is hydrogen or halogen located in the 6- or 7-position.

Abstract: Thickening agents for aqueous systems are prepared by reacting aliphatic alcohols containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms with an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide mixture, then reacting the resulting polyether with 5 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide, and reacting the resulting alkoxylation product with a diepoxide, with 0.5 to 3 moles of alkoxylation product being used in the combination reaction per mole of diepoxide. The thickening agents may be blended with low molecular weight alcohol ethoxylates, and are especially suitable for hydraulic fluids.

Abstract: Hair on a live head is treated with metal ion in a pretreatment step then subjected to an oxidative or autooxidative dyeing step in which scalp staining occurs. Between the pretreatment step and the dyeing step the scalp of the live head is subjected to vigorous massage, rubbing, combing or brushing for a time sufficient to reduce scalp staining, or sufficient time is permitted to elapse between the pretreatment step of the dyeing step to reduce scalp staining, or a combination of these two procedures is employed.

Abstract: An acidic aqueous cleaner, preferably in microemulsion form, which is of a pH in the range of one to four and is useful for cleaning hard surfaced items, such as bathtubs, sinks, tiles and porcelains, and even some such items which are not acid resistant, such as those of a European enamel known as zirconium white enamel, comprises synthetic organic detergent, such as a mixture of anionic and nonionic detergents, e.g., sodium paraffin sulfonate, higher fatty alcohol ethoxylate sulfate and higher fatty alcohol or phenol ethoxylate, carboxylic acid, e.g., mixture of succinic, glutaric and adipic acids, and phosphonic acid, e.g., aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid)in an aqueous medium. Preferably a phophoric acid is present to further improve protection of such European enamel surfaces.

Abstract: The composition for dyeing hair yellow contains 2-nitroaniline derivatives of the general formula I: ##STR1## in which, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent, independent of one another, hydrogen an alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a monohydroxyallkyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms or a dihydroxyalkyl of 3 or 4 carbon atoms, provided that R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 do not simultaneously represent alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and X denotes an alkyl, monohydroxyalkyl, perfluoroalkyl or halogen. Also disclosed are new 2-nitroanitrile derivatives of the general formula II: ##STR2## in which R.sup.a and R.sup.b denote, independent of one another, ethyl, a monohydroxylalkyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms or a dihydroxyalkyl of 3 or 4 carbon atoms, when Z is methyl, Cl or Br; or when Z is CH.sub.2 OH or a perfluoroalkyl, R.sup.a denotes hydrogen, a monohydroxyalkyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms or a dihydroxyalkyl of 3 or 4 carbon atoms, and R.sup.b represents 2-hydroxyethyl or 2,3-dihydroxypropyl.

Abstract: Solvents or solvent compositions comprising HCFC-234. The solvents can be used, instead of CFC-113, as solvents, diluents, cleaning agents, drying agents or dispersing agents. The solvent compositions of HCFC-234 with an aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or with cyclohexane can give azeotropic compositions.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for oxidative hair dyeing utilizing a chlorite salt as the oxidizing agent.

Abstract: Cellulosic substrates are dyed by a continuous dyeing method with dispersed sulfur dyes using a reducing sugar, especially glucose, as the reducing agent for the dye.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for providing dye leveling and stainblocking characteristics to fibers. The use of specified dye-leveling agents in accordance with the present invention allows the treated fibers to be contacted with an acid dye-stainblocker composition in a single step. The invention is particularly suitable for treating nylon, silk and wool fibers.

Abstract: The method of providing random coloration patterns in fabric using dye impregnated pumice and tumbling with the fabric followed by the use of dye-fixing impregnated pumice and repeating the tumbling sequence. A number of different colored dye solutions can be used in a series of steps to provide a variety of shadings and random color patterns for the treated fabric.

Abstract: The method of dyeing hair comprises applying to the hair a dye containing a 2,6-dinitro-aniline derivative having the general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R represents H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 monohydroxy alkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 -dihydroxy alkyl and X represents one of the radicals C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 monohydroxy alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 perfluoro alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 monohydroxy alkoxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 dihydroxy alkoxy or halogen. The present invention also comprises hair dyes containing at least one compound having the formula (I) and novel 2,6-dinitro-aniline derivatives. The dyes having the formula (I) have good physiological properties and provide all the yellow shades required for dyeing from a bluish-tinged lemon-yellow via a pure yellow to red-orange.

Abstract: Ketene dimers of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of one another denote an alkyl or alkenyl radical each of which has at least 8 C atoms, a cycloalkyl radical having at least 6 C atoms or an aryl or aralkyl radicalare used for the treatment of wool and synthetic polyamide fibres.

Abstract: A fabric softener including an alkanolamino functional silicone compound having the formula(R.sub.3 SiO).sub.2 SiR--(CHR').sub.a N.sup.+ R'.sub.b R".sub.3-b X.sup.-whereinR is an alkyl radical having one to six carbon atoms;R' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and aryl radicals having one to eighteen carbon atoms;R" is (CHR')OH;X is chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, or RSO4.sup.- ;a is an integer having a value of one to ten; andb is an integer having a value of one or two.

Abstract: Dyeing composition for keratinous fibres, and especially for human keratinous fibres, characterized in that it contains, in a cosmetically acceptable aqueous medium:(a) an indole dye, and(b) a para-phenylenediamine disubstituted on one of the amino groups, corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.12 and R.sub.13, which may be identical or different, denote a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group; a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 hydroxyalkyl group; or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group substituted with an SO.sub.3 H group, or with a mesylamino or acetylamino group, or with a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy group, or with a carbamyl group substituted or otherwise with one or two C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups, or with a heterocyclic amine; it also being possible for R.sub.12 and R.sub.13 to form, with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, a 4- to 6-membered heterocycle; and R.sub.14 denotes hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Stable, concentrated, liquid preparations of 1:2 metal complex azo or azomethine dyes containing at most one sulfonic acid group are obtained by metallizing the metal-free azo or azomethine intermediates in form of their moist, almost salt-free washed, filter cakes with aqueous slurries of complex forming, preferably cobalt or chromium salts. Without isolation of the thus obtained metal complex dyes the dye slurries are then in situ converted into the stable, concentrated dye preparations by adjusting them to a final dye concentration.The dye preparations are produced in a very economic manner by avoiding any isolation of the metal complex dyes after the metallization step and by considerably reducing the amounts of effluents.The dye preparations obtained are suitable for the preparation of dye-baths or printing pastes which may be used in particular for dyeing and printing textile materials made of natural or synthetic polyamide fibres, and further of leather and paper.

Abstract: Microemulsions are provided in which the oil phase comprises a reaction product of an organosilicon compound having amino groups and an organosilicon compound having epoxy groups, wherein the reaction product has at least one amino group and two silicon-bond --OR groups. A method for making the microemulsions which comprises reacting the two organosilicon compounds sufficiently to allow the reaction of some of the amine groups with the epoxy groups, but avoiding the excessive crosslinking of the components and their application in the treatment of fibrous materials is also described.

Abstract: Methylene chloride-free coating remover compositions are disclosed that contain N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and one or more plant or animal-derived oils. The compositions optionally contain a miscibilizing solvent, thickener, and surfactant. Effective, economical, low-toxicity, low-volatility coating removers that are largely biodegradable and are derived from renewable resources are provided.

Abstract: Aqueous stable dispersion of UV-absorbing 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole compounds containing(a) 15 to 50 per cent by weight of a benzotriazole compound of the formula ##STR1## where R is halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylaryl or aralkyl, and the rings A and B can be further substituted independently of one another by halogen, hydroxyl, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or lower alkoxycarbonyl, and(b) 2 to 20 per cent by weight of an acid ester, or salt thereof, of an alkylene oxide adduct of the formula ##STR2## where X is the acid radical of an inorganic oxygen-containing acid, or else the radical of an organic acid and Y is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, aryl or aralkyl, "Alkylen" is the ethylene radical or propylene radical, and m is from 1 to 4 and n from 4 to 50.These dispersions are excellent agents for improving the light fastness of dyeings of synthetic fibres, in particular polyester fibres or acid-modified polyester fibres.

Abstract: Light-polarizing films or sheets, preferably based on vinyl alcohol homopolymers or copolymers contain dyestuffs of the formula ##STR1## in which X and Y have the meanings given in the description.

Abstract: Copolymers which are obtainable from(1) 20 to 50% by weight of an N-substituted or N-unsubstituted acrylamide or methacrylamide and(2) 50 to 80% by weight of an N-vinyl-substituted amide or of a vinyl ester, derived in each case from a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid,the sum of (1) and (2) adding up to 100%.These novel copolymers are suitable as dyeing assistants, particularly as padding assistants or liquor binders in the dyeing of cellulose fibre materials.