Abstract: A method for the preparation of branched primary alcohols comprises reacting a normal alkane with formaldehyde in non-aqueous media in the presence of a free radical initiator. The reaction involves the preferential addition of formaldeyhde to internal carbon atoms of the normal alkane, resulting in a branched primary alcohol containing one carbon more than the alkane reactant. The product alcohols are obtained as mixtures of positional isomers.

Abstract: A process for the hydrogenolysis and/or dehydrohalogenation of fluorohalocarbons and/or fluorohalohydrocarbons by reacting the fluorohalocarbons and/or fluorohalohydrocarbons with a source of hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, the improvement comprising utilizing a rhenium-containing catalyst, which may, optionally, contain at least one Group VIII metal and may, optionally, be supported.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing the alkali metal salts of N-phosphonomethylglycine which comprises heating to an elevated temperature an aqueous solution of a di- or tri-alkali metal salt of N-alkyl-N-phosphonomethylglycine. The N-alkyl substituent contains at least one hydrogen on the beta carbon atom.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method of producing solid sorbitol which hardly cakes even in long storage, in which seed crystals are dispersed in melted sorbitol at a temperature that the melted sorbitol does not solidify but the seed crystals do not melt, and cooled to about 50.degree. to 85.degree. C., kept at said temperature for a given period and then cooled again.

Abstract: Condensed dimer alcohols, also known as Guerbet alcohols, are prepared using metal alkoxide as the catalyst by reacting alcohol with saturated or unsaturated aldehyde or allyl alcohol, or mixtures thereof, at 100.degree.-220.degree. C. and removing water as it is formed during the reaction. Dimer alcohols are prepared in high yields without the need for a transition metal catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the synthesis of new terminal olefins, perfluoro 2,4-dimethyl 3-ethylpentene and perfluoro 2-isopropyl 3,3-dimethylbutene, and to the subsequent fluorination thereof in order to obtain highly branched perfluoroalkanes, capable of providing perfluoroalkyl radicals, which are utilizable as initiators for the polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers.

Abstract: A process for continuous telomerization is described, in which at least one telogenic compound and at least one taxogenic compound are reacted at from 40.degree. to 150.degree. C. under a pressure of from 0.1 to 3 MPa in the presence of at least one catalyst in an elongate cylindrical reaction space. After it has left the reaction space, the reaction mixture is separated, for example by distillation, the desired higher-molecular telomers are discharged as the bottom product, and the undesired low-molecular telomerization products are stripped off over the top, condensed and recycled into the process in a first circulation. In a second circulation, a part of the reaction mixture is taken off towards the end of the reaction space and reintroduced into the initial part of the reaction space. This allows an improved space-time yield and a better selection of defined product cuts.

Abstract: This invention relates to certain novel di- and tetra-fluoro analogs of squalene and to their methods of use in lowering plasma cholesterol and in inhibiting squalene epoxidase in patients in need thereof.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R denotes an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, cycloaliphatic-aliphatic or araliphatic radical having 2 or more carbon atoms, and wherein one of the groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represents hydrogen or an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic radical, another one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is hydrogen or, in the case of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, is hydroxy, and the remaining one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, or wherein R denotes methyl, R.sub.1 denotes hydrogen or hydroxy, R.sub.2 denotes an aromatic radical and R.sub.3 represents hydrogen, and their salts have GABA.sub.B -antagonistic properties and can be used as GABA.sub.B -antagonists. They are obtained when in a compound of formula II ##STR2## in which R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have their previous significances, Z represents --NH.sub.2 and R.sup.4 denotes a hydroxy-protective group R.sup.5 or, when R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 denote hydrogen and R.sup.

Abstract: A process for the production of N-phosphonomethylglycine comprising contacting N-phosphonomethyliminodiacetic acid with a peroxide in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of the salts and salt complexes of cobalt and vancadium, and an effective amount of dipyridyl compound.

Abstract: Novel partially fluorinated alkanes having the Formula: ##STR1## wherein each R is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of CF.sub.3, CHF.sub.2, CH.sub.2 F, and CH.sub.3 CF.sub.2, and R' is an alkyl or fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms with the proviso that when each R is CF.sub.3, R' is not CF.sub.3 (CF.sub.2).sub.2 -, CH.sub.3 CF.sub.2 -, or CF.sub.3 have utility as solvents in a variety of industrial cleaning applications including cold cleaning, dry cleaning, and defluxing of printed circuit boards.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of perfluoroalkyl bromides or bromoperfluoroalkanes C.sub.n F.sub.2n+1 -Br (n=1 to 20).A perfluoroalkanesulphonyl chloride C.sub.n F.sub.2n+1 -SO.sub.2 Cl is reacted with a compound of formula: ##STR1## in which X represents a nitrogen or phosphorus atom and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be identical or different, each represent an optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical, it also being possible for one of these symbols to be a hydrogen atom.

Abstract: Butadiene and water are reacted continuously in the presence of a solvent capable of dissolving both reactants and a palladium catalyst with the mole ratio of butadiene to the reaction product octa-2,7-dien-1-ol in the reaction mixture being maintained at 0.6 or more. By this process, octa-2,7-dien-1-ol can be produced continuously without reductions in reaction rate and selectivity and with decreased insoluble polymer formation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus to condense and rectify alcohol, and more particularly to a method and an apparatus suitable for the energy-saving condensation and rectification of high-purity alcohol from the synthesized alcohol, the used alcohol aqueous solution in food industry and the fermented alcohol.The invention provides a method, which makes it possible to extract and recover alcohol of 99 wt % or higher with small quantity of propane solvent, using the propane in supercritical or pseudocritical conditions in the process of condensation and recovery of alcohol from aqueous solution of alcohol. Further, the method makes it possible to condense alcohol to the concentration of 95 wt % or higher by increasing the selectivity of alcohol through the cooling of the propane to liquid state.

Abstract: A method for forming agarose beads, which may incorporate biological material at least partially labile at above 40.degree. C., in which an aqueous agarose solution is formed into bead-size portions which are gelled by contacting the portions with a cooled atmosphere, gas, and/or smooth hydrophobic surface, and then collected.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing 1,3-glycols is disclosed. The process comprises reacting an epoxide with synthesis gas in the presence of rhodium, a phosphine, and a lower-alkyl iodide or .beta.-hydroxy lower-alkyl iodide.

Abstract: A method of isolating trans-1,1,4,4-tetraalkyl-2-butene-1,4-diols of formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and denote C.sub.1 - to C.sub.5 -alkyl, from mixtures thereof with their cis-isomers, wherein the trans-isomer is separated from the cis-isomer by liquid-liquid extraction.

Abstract: A method for the continuous production of anhydrous potassium tert-butoxide in a packed distillation column, wherein aqueous potash lye is fed with excess tert-butyl alcohol to the top of the column. Water formed in the reaction as well as water brought in with the reactants is distilled out at the top using methylcyclohexane or n-heptane as withdrawing agent. The amount of the withdrawing agent and of the tert-butanol must be selected such that above the column boiler a content between 0.2 and 2 wt.-% of the withdrawing agent is present in the gas mixture, while the gas mixture in the middle of the column has either between 32 and 34 wt.-% of methylcyclohexane or 36 to 38 wt.-% of n-heptane. The water together with the withdrawing agent and tert-butanol is withdrawn from the top of the column and then condensed. The organic phase of the condensate is fed back to the column.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the manufacture of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, more particularly, a gas-phase reaction of 1,1,1-trifluorochloroethane with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a catalyst, a selected metal on aluminum fluoride, and molecular oxygen which process minimizes the oxidation of liberated hydrogen chloride to chlorine and water, extends catalyst life and improves yield.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel organic phosphonate compounds which can be used as water treatment agents. More specifically, this invention relates to the compound N,N-bis-phosphonomethyl taurine N-oxide which may be represented by the formula: ##STR1## and its water soluble salts, which can be employed for the control of scale and/or corrosion.