Abstract: The evacuated and cooled Dewar 1 of an infrared detector has a window end in the shape of an elliptical spheroid, and an IR detection element 3 is mounted within the focal circle of the spheroid. The construction minimizes the sensing of spurious IR rays by the detection element, as well as the heat load for the coolant and the cool down time.

Abstract: A frequency domain spectrofluorometer employing extrinsically modulated DC light sources or intrinsically modulated laser pulse trains, containing multiple, harmonically related, phase-locked frequencies for exciting a fluorescent sample. High frequency light emissions of the excited sample are simultaneously cross-correlated with multiple, harmonically related, phase-locked R-F frequencies to produce workable low frequency electrical detector signals having the same phase and modulation characteristics as the multiple frequency sample light emissions. The detector signals are digitized in a computer and transformed from time to frequency domain by complex fast fourier transforms to extract the phase and modulation data for all frequencies of the sample light emissions. This data is displayed simultaneously on the visual presentation screen of the computer.

Abstract: In a coated or uncoated film, variations in thickness as well as all possible casting errors may be dependably determined and evaluated, in that two light sources transmit modulated IR light wherein the modulation frequencies are different, wherein one light source transilluminates the film, while the other light source is arranged on the other side of the coating carrier, illuminates the latter obliquely and both the transilluminating and the reflected light bundles are conducted to a photo-receiver. The current signal arising in the photo-receiver is transformed into a current signal, amplified and feeds two electronic filters circuited in parallel, which free the signals from their modulation frequency, after which both signals are separately rectified. Subsequently the signal originating from the transmitted light portion is delogarithmized and forms a statement concerning the thickness of coating, while the light originating from the reflected portion evaluates surface errors.

Abstract: Self-normalization of laser spectrometers is provided by I"/I laser modulation and detection. A single tunable diode laser is frequency modulated by a high S/N ratio triangle wave, mechanically chopped, passed through an isothermal in-line gas and reference chamber absorption cell, and synchronously detected to provide the I" and I signals. The preferred embodiment discloses isotopic ratio measurements. The invention has application to quantitative trace gas measurements generally.

Abstract: Air turbulence (windshear as well as clear air turbulence) in navigable airspace is detected by remotely sensing changes in the spatial temperature profile of an air column ahead of an aircraft by repeatedly sensing the intensity of the thermal radiation from the column of atmospheric air in at least two spectral peaks in the 4.17 to 4.2 .mu.m region of the CO.sub.2 spectral emission band, and comparing the relative intensity of the spectral peaks over time. Apparatus which includes a tunable Fabry-Perot etalon is provided for the practice of the method.

Abstract: A scintillation detector comprising a solid luminophor with a photomultiplier tube having its face abutting one surface of the luminophor to receive light generated in the luminophor by impinging radiation. The luminophor 11 includes polished outer surfaces 12 covered by light reflective opaque material 13 such as a thin aluminum foil or mylar coated with an aluminum reflecting film. The metal film blocks ambient and internal light while allowing radiation such as gamma rays or beta particles to penetrate, strike the luminophor and cause scintillation. Light emitted by the scintillation is directed through opening 14 to strike the face of photomultiplier tube 16.

Abstract: A radiation image read-out apparatus comprises a sheet feed section capable of selectively holding a cassette for housing a single stimulable phosphor sheet carrying a radiation image stored thereon or a magazine for housing a plurality of stimulable phosphor sheets each carrying a radiation image stored thereon. The sheet feed section is provided with a sheet take-out device for taking the stimulable phosphor sheet out of the cassette and the magazine. A read-out section is provided for reading out the radiation image by exposing the stimulable phosphor sheet to stimulating rays which cause the stimulable phosphor sheet to emit light in proportion to the stored radiation energy, and photoelectrically detecting the emitted light. A sheet conveyor conveys the stimulable phosphor sheet taken out of the sheet feed section to the read-out section.

Abstract: A flexible radiation shield apron is disclosed. A characterizing feature of the apron resides in the provision of an encasing fabric sleeve unconnected to the sheets providing radiation resistance, in the areas generally below the waist of the wearer whereby such portions of the apron readily bend with the movements of the wearer. Preferably the sheets providing radiation protection are separated at their peripheries by portions of the encasing fabric sleeve which intrudes between the perimeters of the sheets below the waist further to increase suppleness.

Abstract: A monodisperse aerosol generator forms a stable jet of liquid at a velocity allowing columnar breakup into droplets of uniform size and spacing. To prevent degradation of the monodisperse aerosol, it is disposed by entrainment in a high velocity gaseous stream. To provide an interface for direct injection onto a particle collection device or into an infrared or Raman spectrometer or to interface a liquid chromatograph with a particle collection device or an infrared or Raman spectrometer, the generator is followed by a desolvation chamber operation at about atmospheric pressure and a multistage pressure reducer which evacuates solvent vapor and gaseous medium to form a high momentum, solvent-depleted solute aerosol beam which is input into the infrared or Raman spectrometer.

Abstract: An apparatus for on-line measurement of the layer thicknesses of moving flexible layer supports over the whole width of the web by photoelectric means is described. A light source (2) which emits UV light passes a beam of parallel or slightly converging rays through the layer support (1), the transmitted light is registered by a photoelectric receiver (3) which is sensitive to UV light and the registered signal is transmitted to an electronic interpretation mechanism (5) from which the layer thickness is determined and recorded on-line once calibration has been carried out (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A fluorescent glass dosimeter comprises a glass element holder including inner and outer envelopes. Each of the inner and outer envelopes has a mask frame used for covering the peripheral portions of the corresponding fluorescent detection surface of a fluorescent glass element. The fluorescent glass dosimeter further comprises upper and lower cases. The upper case serves as a pivotable lock member and includes a lock portion, the locking condition of which can be released by means of a magnet. The lower case is adapted to receive the glass element holder. The upper and lower cases are engageable with each other at their slide portions. The glass element holder includes an integral index plate havig an identification hole code at a predetermined location. A direction regulating member is provided for the lower case, and a portion engageable with the direction regulating member is provided for the glass element holder.

Abstract: A programmable digital coincidence counter having multiple channels and featuring minimal dead time. Neutron detectors supply electrical pulses to a synchronizing circuit which in turn inputs derandomized pulses to an adding circuit. A random access memory circuit connected as a programmable length shift register receives and shifts the sum of the pulses, and outputs to a serializer. A counter is input by the adding circuit and downcounted by the seralizer, one pulse at a time. The decoded contents of the counter after each decrement is output to scalers.

Abstract: A solution which increases the efficiency of radon extraction from either dry or moist charcoal samples is disclosed. The addition of low molecular weight organic solvents such as methanol or ethanol to liquid scintillation counting solution increases radon extraction from 20-500% over known counting solutions. The increased efficiency appears to occur from increased penetration of the charcoal by the low molecular weight solvent which dissolves the radon gas and the subsequent diffusion of the low molecular weight solvent out of the charcoal and into the liquid scintillation counting solution.

Abstract: An infrared converter for converting an image of infrared radiation into a visible image or an electrical signal. The infrared converter includes a sensitive element array upon which the infrared image is formed. The array includes an array of electron emitters and associated devices for controlling the rate at which electrons are emitted from the electron emitters in response to infrared radiation incident on the sensitive element array.

Abstract: In an X-ray detecting device, a plurality of scintillator elements are arranged and assembled in a array which is located on a semiconductor structure. In a semiconductor structure, a plurality of photo-detecting structures are formed in a substrate and are arranged in an array corresponding to the scintillator element array. A trap region is formed in an intermediate region of the substrate surface between the adjacent photo-detecting structures so that an electrical signal which is produced in the intermediate region by light rays generated in the scintillator element is trapped in the trapped region.

Abstract: In a radiation image detecting apparatus having its image receiving means constituted of a two-dimensional array of composite radiation detecting units each of which includes a radiation sensor and a signal processing circuit, the composite radiation detecting units are provided with circuit cooling means for suppressing heat generation at the above signal processing circuits. The circuit cooling means consists only of piping in thermal contact with the composite radiation detecting units, or consists both of the the piping or the duct-and-coolant intakes combination and of porous-walled gas piping stretched through the clearances left between two adjacent composite radiation detecting units constituting the two-dimensional or the one-dimensional composite radiation detecting unit array. The piping and the duct-and-coolant intakes combination are supplied with a liquid coolant, while the porous-walled gas piping supplied with a gaseous coolant.

Abstract: A radiation image recording, read-out and reproducing apparatus comprises a case for housing a stimulable phosphor sheet and having an opening, a light shielding cover housed in the case for projection therefrom through the opening and having a sheet passage opening at an end on the side supported by the case at the time the light shielding cover is projected, recording section for recording a radiation image on the stimulable phosphor sheet disposed at an exposure position in the light shielding cover projected out of the case, a read-out section having a sub-scanning system for moving the stimulable phosphor sheet between the exposure position and a position in the case, and an erasing section. A reproducing section is provided for conveying a recording sheet housed in the case to feed the recording sheet out of the case through a feed-out opening of the case and, at the same time, reproducing the radiation image on the recording sheet.

Abstract: It comprises an enclosure, a neutron emitting source (29) for bombarding said fissile material, means (28, 30) for introducing source (29) into the enclosure and for removing said source from the enclosure, neutron radiation detection means (9), moderator means (2, 4, 6) for thermalizing a fission radiation emitted by said fissile material interposed between the neutron radiation detection means (9) and the fissile material. It also has gamma radiation detection means (6, 14), which comprises a scintillator (6) and at least one photomultiplier (14) associated with said scintillator (6) and the scintillator material also constituting the moderator for thermalizing the fast neutrons directly emitted by the source (29), as well as the neutrons from the spontaneous fissions of the .alpha., n reaction and the neutrons from the fissions induced in the fissile material, the neutron radiation detectors (9) being embedded in the scintillator material (6) constituting the moderator.

Abstract: A method and a reading station for processing a cassette containing an X-ray film coated with a layer of stimulatable phosphorus are proposed. The cassette with the film therein, before being positioned in the reading station, is exposed to X-rays to produce a latent image thereon. The film is then removed from the cassette and the phosphorus layer is brought by a laser beam scanner to luminescence so that the emitted light converts the latent image into digital electric signals stored in the central memory. The film is then erased and re-inserted into the same cassette within the reading station.

Abstract: The invention provides apparatus for measuring nuclear radiation. The apparatus includes a probe which comprises a synthetic diamond and a FET pre-amplifier. A DC bias voltage is applied across the diamond and the pre-amplifier amplifies pulse or conduction signals from the diamond due to incident radiation. The pre-amplifier provides a first output having only an AC component, and a second output having both an AC and a DC component. A DC feedback stage applies a feedback signal to the input of the pre-amplifier to improve its dynamic range.