Abstract: A sensitive wavefront sensor combining attributes of both a Hartmann type of wavefront sensor and an AC shearing interferometer type of wavefront sensor. An incident wavefront, the slope of which is to be detected, is focussed to first and second focal points at which first and second diffraction gratings are positioned to shear and modulate the wavefront, which then diverges therefrom. The diffraction patterns of the first and second gratings are positioned substantially orthogonal to each other to shear the wavefront in two directions to produce two dimensional wavefront slope data for the AC shearing interferometer portion of the wavefront sensor. First and second dividing optical systems are positioned in the two diverging wavefronts to divide the sheared wavefront into an array of subapertures and also to focus the wavefront in each subaperture to a focal point.

Abstract: In a device for testing the rim around the apertures of bottles for flaws there is a rotor which has an optic fiber bundle for transmitting light to the rim or sealing surface of the bottle and another fiberoptic bundle for receiving light reflected or scattered by the surface that is to be sealed with a crown cap. The optical axes of the light transmitter and receiver are arranged in a common scanning plane which is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the aperture or rim and intersects the plane tangentially to the sealing surface. The optical axes are inclined by an acute angle, alpha, with respect to the plane of the aperture or rim. The light transmitter and receiver optical bundles have lenses at their ends for, respectively, projecting a light beam through the aperture plane and for receiving light reflected or scattered therefrom. One end of the light conductor or transmitter is coupled to a light source. One end of the light receiver is coupled to a photosensitive device.

Abstract: A light pen is described wherein light information indicative of a selected position on a lighted display is propagated along a light conductive fibre cable to a processing circuit. The light pen includes a retractable sleeve wherein pressing the pen to the lighted display moves a pin-hole objective to its focal point on a light conductive fibre cable such that light entering through the pin-hole objective from the lighted display may be propagated along the light conductive fibre cable. Additionally, a magnet may be secured to the sleeve such that the magnet is brought into proximity to, and operates a magnet-actuated switch when the sleeve is retracted.

Abstract: An electro-optical scanner which can write and read with common optics by using a phase hologram near the focal plane of the scanned surface.

Abstract: A matrix multiplier system incorporating an integrated fiber optic coupling array in combination with an arrangement for individually modulating the signals on the respective optical fiber transmission lines to develop the matrix multiplication. Each of the individual couplers accomplishes the coupling of an input signal into a bi-directional fiber optic transmission line with high efficiency and unilateral coupling effect. The signal thus coupled into the bi-directional transmission line is reflected back to the coupler output after multiplication by the modulating vector component for the individual coupler element. Because of the fabrication of a large number of identical fiber optic couplers in a compact, integral array and the manner in which the light signals can be modulated, the matrix multiplier system is extremely effective in pattern recognition, signal discrimination, selected signal enhancement, and the like.

Abstract: A distance detector capable of measuring the distance between the range detector and an object by directing a light emitted from a light emission element to the object and receiving the reflected light and advantageously adaptable particularly to small-sized cameras.The light reflected on the object is received by a single light-receiving element. The reflected light is condensed by a condenser and concentrated on the light-receiving element. The light-receiving element comprises an element, for example a photopotentiometric element, varying in the electric output according to the position of the light spot of the reflected light. The output of the element in the form of electric signal continuously varies in proportion to the distance between the range detector and the object.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical measuring device for measuring physical or chemical quantities which device employs at least one light source, such as a light-emitting diode, in optical connection with a sensor, the spectral properties of which (e.g. the absorption or luminescence spectrum) are adapted to be changed by the quantity being measured, and at least one light detector (e.g. a photo-diode or a photo-transistor) for receiving the output signal from the sensor.

Abstract: An improved high speed optical receiver provides an output that accurately corresponds to the optical input signal without the distorted signals caused by ac or dc coupled receivers when exposed to signals having varying amplitudes. Delaying and dividing circuits permit the creation of threshold signals which eliminate the drawbacks previously encountered.