Abstract: The integrated manufacturing system is formed by the combination of a continuous casting apparatus and hot rolling mills. The continuous casting apparatus is formed by confronting wide side mold walls and confronting narrow side mold walls. The narrow side mold walls are composed of an electrically conductive refractory material and are directly heated. Each of the narrow side mold walls include an upper squeezed portion and a lower parallel portion. The upper squeezed portion has a surface in contact with the molten metal which converges in width along a casting direction. The lower parallel portion has a surface in contact with the molten metal which is substantially uniform in width.

Abstract: The apparatus includes an upper metal reservoir (10), a casting mold (2) having an inlet and an outlet, and a vertically moveable base (7) positioned at the outlet with a casting shoe or bottom block (5) which is designed to bear against the outlet at the start of a casting cycle. The casting shoe is mounted as a moveable shoe on the base (7) and is designed to be locked by the direct engagement with the base when it has been brought into a centered position in relation to the casting mold (2). Furthermore, centering devices (3, 4, 8) for the casting mold and the casting shoe are provided thereon for centering the casting shoe in relation to the casting mold.

Abstract: Method for thermal surface treatment in line in a continuous casting machine associated with furnaces to heat hot-charge blooms, the method being applied to fine-grain structural steels and being suitable to obviate the precipitation of compounds of aluminum, vanadium, niobium and the like and to eliminate or at least to reduce greatly the surface faults due to tension, the method being carried out in a continuous casting line comprising at least a mould (13), a secondary cooling chamber (14), an extraction and straightening assembly (15) and a shearing assembly (17), the method being applied in cooperation with the extraction and straightening assembly (15) and including an intense, concentrated cooling of the surface of a bloom (19) passing through by applying a cooling fluid under pressure, which is water-based and is sprayed by a plurality of sprayer nozzles (18), the cooling being adapted to the dimensions of the bloom (19) and being such as to produce a surface temperature between about 400.degree. C.

Abstract: The die has first and second die halves, each die half having a plurality of cavities that, when the die halves are in a closed position, align with the cavities in the other die half, thus defining a plurality of voids that define the objects to be formed. Each cavity is aspherical in that the slope of the cavity is never perpendicular to the front surface of the die half, thus facilitating the removal of the objects from the die. A spacing between the front surfaces of the die halves during the injection step of the cycle helps to increase the number of parts that properly release from the die.

Abstract: The machine consists of a bearing box which is secured onto the trunk of the machine and is equipped with a pair of axes at both sides and suspends the center of gravity of the machine to rotate same freely, and a U-type supporting device is installed at the axes respectively, and a revolving or swivel joint is installed at the upper end of the above supporting device so as to enable the machine to rotate freely.

Abstract: The machine has a holding pot containing molten magnesium in which a pumping chamber is submerged, a filling port is provided through a bottom wall of the pumping chamber, defined at least in part by a cylindrical wall surface, and an axially moveable control rod with a cylindrical shut-off part is moved between a position at which it is within the confines of the cylindrical wall surface and a position at which it is free of that wall surface. The clearance of the cylindrical wall surface and the cylindrical shut-off part of the control rod is such as to permit free movement of the rod part through the port, but, by virtue of the wetting of the surfaces by the molten magnesium, to seal the port against the pressures applied to it.

Abstract: A device for filling shooting heads (1) with molding materials (2), the device being provided with a filling assembly (6) that comprises a storage hopper (3) for the molding material (2), an outlet member (4) for discharging the molding material (2) into the shooting head (1), and a gate (5) for closing the outlet member (4). The filling assembly (6) being mounted on a machine frame (7) for vertical movement, so as to immerse the outlet member (4) into the shooting head (1), and it is constructed for filling the shooting head (1) in an exact, reproducible manner. For this purpose a noncontacting sensor (8) is mounted to the outlet member (4), the sensor (8) being directed into the shooting head (1) so as to detect therein the filling level.

Abstract: A blank is prepared of a thixotropic metal material and the blank is reheated to a semi-solid state to obtained a liquid fraction corresponding to a desired viscosity for shaping, while determining the power used in the reheating. The reheated blank is transferred to a forging press including a forging stamp or to a pressure die casting machine including an injection plunger. The resistance of the material to the forging stamp or the injection plunger is determined and defined as a set point value and the blank is shaped by the forging stamp or pressure die casting machine. A subsequent blank of the thixotropic metal material is shaped by the forging press or the pressure die casting machine, and the power used in reheating is regulated to maintain the resistance at the set point value.

Abstract: A variable volume metal delivery system for a die casting machine. The system includes a shot sleeve having a plunger propelled by a shot cylinder. A stroke adjustment rod operated by a second cylinder extends into the shot cylinder to define the backward stroke limit of the shot cylinder and consequently that of the plunger. The stroke adjustment rod is movable by means of the second cylinder between a high-volume position, permitting a relatively long stroke, and a low-volume position, providing a relatively short stroke. Accordingly, the volume of the shot sleeve can be changed easily, for example, to accommodate the manufacture of articles either with or without structural inserts.

Abstract: The die includes fixed or movable protuberances associated with die parts corresponding to the rim circumference. In the rim thus obtained the inner part of the spokes is hollow and communicates with the rim channel inside the tire but the hollow is spaced from the wheel hub.

Abstract: Embossed, finely-divided, thin, bright-metal particles are prepared by forming an embossed release surface on at least one side of a carrier sheet in which the embossed pattern comprises a diffraction grating having from about 5,000 to 11,000 grooves per cm. A metal film is deposited on the release surface so that the metal film conforms to the embossed surface. The carrier sheet is passed with the release surface and the metal film through a release environment which causes the release surface to separate from the metal film. The metal film is removed from the release surface in a particulate form to produce metal particles substantially free of the release surface. The particles are collected in a solvent which is non-reactive with the metal. The metal particles are then broken into pigment particles having an average diameter between about 10 to about 50 microns. The film may also take the form of an optical stack.

Abstract: A generally annular rotor insert is formed by casting a metal matrix composite. The rotor insert includes a pair of brake friction plates which are disposed in mutually spaced apart relationship. The brake friction plates include inner surfaces and generally parallel outer surfaces. At least one of the inner surfaces of the brake friction plates is provided with a plurality of spacing elements for engagement with the inner surface of the other one of the brake friction plates for maintaining the plates in predetermined spaced apart relationship. The rotor insert is placed in a rotor mold. A hat-shaped rotor body is cast in the rotor mold whereby the spacing elements are effective to maintain the plates in a predetermined spaced apart relationship.

Abstract: The machine has a vertically oriented open-topped mold cavity with downwardly moving sides that contain a pool of liquid metal. The cavity is wide at the top-center and tapers to the narrow thickness of the strip being cast at the sides and bottom. The two wide sides of the cavity are each delineated by a matrix of contiguous plates seperated by narrow fissures.

Abstract: A sliding core is slidably mounted around the movable die and forms an undercut portion. A first channel communicates with the undercut portion and a second channel communicates with the first channel. A first device for forming the undercut is movably disposed in the first channel. A second device is movably disposed in the second channel for displacing the first device into the undercut portion to form the undercut when a molten metal is poured into the mold.

Abstract: The crystalliser (11) cooperates externally with a box-shaped structure (13) creating cooling chambers (14), in which a cooling fluid circulates, and cooperates internally with the skin of the billets, blooms or slabs (24) being formed. The cooling chambers (14) containing intermediate walls (20) create circulation channels (21) in cooperation with the outer surfaces (12) of the sidewalls of the crystalliser (11), at least one upper zone (34) being included in cooperation at least with the vicinity of the meniscus and with the portion below the meniscus (33) of liquid metal, a lower zone (26) being also included and beginning in the vicinity of the zone of separation of the forming skin from the inner surfaces (12) of the crystalliser (11) and extending towards the outlet of the crystalliser (11). By acting on the cross-section and/or conformation of at least one longitudinal portion of at least one side of the cross-section of the circulation channels (21), e.g.

Abstract: A pointed wire-shaped filling material made of aluminium is utilized to contact the point at a position of an aluminium mould to be repaired. The wire-shaped filling material is charged with a current in order to melt the point of the filling material and form an arc which melts the mould at the position of repair. The filling material is then pressed into the mould at the position to be repaired. Upon filling the repair point, the wire-shaped filling material is cut close to the surface of the mould to complete the repairing process.

Abstract: The apparatus includes a stand having a press, a gas permeability measuring device and a weight measuring device mounted thereon for selectively measuring gas permeability, weight, compressor strength, shear strength, bending strength and other mechanical and physical properties.

Abstract: The tube for introducing a metal melt into a continuous casting mold having broad side walls and narrow side or end walls includes a tube section provided with lateral openings for the metal melt whose central axes substantially are oriented towards the narrow sides of the strand being formed in the mold and a bottom portion provided with a bottom opening for the metal melt. In order to ensure, at high casting rates, both a slight vertical depth of penetration of the metal melt supplied through the casting tube into a liquid core of the strand and a slight whirl formation on the meniscus, the bottom portion includes at least two bottom openings oriented obliquely towards the narrow sides of the strand so as to form at least two casting jets whose flow directions cross each other in a viewing direction extending perpendicular to the wide sides of the strand.

Abstract: A jet of liquid metal 42 is directed onto a fast-moving receiving surface 4 and reciprocal relative motion is caused between the receiving surface 4 and the jet 42 perpendicularly to the moving direction.

Abstract: The device comprises an element for progressively taking charge of the strand, having at least one movable jaw which can move between a first, open position for introducing the tip of the strand and a second, closed position for centering the strand.