Abstract: A metal-air cell comprises a negative electrode, a negative electrode case housing the negative electrode, sealed while a lead of the negative electrode extends from the negative electrode case, including a separator that forms at least part of the negative electrode case, an air electrode facing the negative electrode across the separator, and a cell case housing the negative electrode case and the air electrode and sealed while the lead of the negative electrode expands from the cell case and a lead of the air electrode expands from the cell case.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a sulfide-based solid electrolyte containing an alkali metal, a sulfur element, a phosphorus element and a halogen element, including performing a reaction of an alkali metal sulfide and a substance containing at least one element of a sulfur element, a phosphorus element and a halogen element in an organic solvent having an electron-withdrawing group. The method provides a sulfide-based solid electrolyte having a high ion conductivity.

Abstract: Processes for producing a N,N-dialkyl perfluoroalkyl-sulfonamide product of the formula Rf—S(O)2—NRaRb (I) in which Rf represents fully or partially fluorinated alkyl groups with carbon 1 to 12 and Ra and Rb represents linear or branched or cyclic alkyl, alkene or alkyne groups with carbon 1 to 12, wherein Ra=Rb or Ra?Rb. In some embodiments, a reaction proceeds by contacting a perfluoroalkylsulfonyl halide of the formula: X—S(O)2—Rf, (II), in which X represents F, Cl, Br or I, with dialkylamine of the formula HNRaRb, under conditions sufficient to produce the desired N,N-dialkyl perfluoroalkylsulfonamide product of Formula I. In some embodiments, the reaction is carried out using a solvent of Formula I.

Abstract: A method can include incorporating graphene oxide (GO) in a solution, reducing the graphene oxide (GO) by refluxing carbon nitride (C3N4) in the solution to form carbon-nitride refluxed-graphene-oxide (C3N4-rGO) composites, and incorporating ruthenium ions into the C3N4-rGO composites to form C3N4-rGO-Ru complexes.

Abstract: A system including biogas purification and provides biogas as feedstock to a solid oxide fuel cell. The biogas purification treatment process provides a polished biogas that is substantially free of carbonyl sulfides and hydrogen sulfide. The system uses a biogas treatment apparatus, that includes apparatus such as a packed columns, comprising copper oxide or potassium permanganate packing material, and an activated carbon component configured to treat the biogas by polishing it to remove carbonyl sulfides and deleterious trace residues, such as hydrogen sulfide, that were not removed by any prior bulk H2S removal steps. In addition, an oil removal device is used to remove any entrained fine oil droplets in the biogas. A polished biogas having in the range of 60% methane is charged to the fuel cell. Electricity generated may be fed into a grid or used directly as energy to charge electrical-powered vehicles, for example. Energy credits are tracked in real time and are appropriately assigned.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells comprising electrodes comprising lithium (e.g., in the form of a solid solution with non-lithium metals), from which in situ current collectors may be formed, are generally described.

Abstract: A method and system for estimating state of charge of a lithium battery cell of a vehicle is provided. The method comprises providing a non-linear function of the lithium battery cell, a normalized lithium surface density and an actual voltage at a current of the lithium battery cell having an internal resistance. The method further comprises determining an actual lithium surface density based on the actual voltage relative to an inverse of the non-linear function. The method further comprises determining a varying parameter based on the actual lithium surface density relative to a first diffusion model. The method further comprises determining a predicted lithium surface density based on the varying parameter relative to a second diffusion model. The method further comprises determining an estimated state of charge of the lithium battery cell when a difference between the predicted and actual lithium surface densities is less than a first threshold.

Abstract: The invention relates to a battery unit (1) essentially comprising a plurality of cells, a housing (3) receiving and surrounding said cells, and means (5) for regulating the temperature of said cells by circulation of a heat-transfer fluid. Said battery unit (1) is characterised in that the housing (3) comprises, at least in a bottom region on which the cells are arranged, at least one, preferentially several, heat exchange zones for heat exchange between said cells and the heat-transfer fluid, said at least one zone being built into the structure of said housing (3), preferentially in the wall thereof.

Abstract: An electrode includes a current collector; a first active material layer including a first active material; and a second active material layer including a second active material; wherein the first active material layer is arranged between the current collector and the second active material layer. The first active material layer is formed on a surface of the current collector, and a particle size of 90% accumulative volume of the first active material is less than 40 ?m. The active material layer is used in the present application to ensure that the electrochemical device and the electronic device do not generate a short circuit when pressed by an external force, thereby ensuring the mechanical safety performance of the electrochemical device and the electronic device.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte includes partially stabilized zirconia in which a stabilizer forms a solid solution in zirconia. The partially stabilized zirconia includes, as crystal particles that configure the partially stabilized zirconia, stabilizer low-concentration phase particles of which concentration of the stabilizer at a particle center is less than 4.7 mol % and stabilizer high-concentration phase particles of which the concentration of the stabilizer at the particle center is equal to or greater than 4.7 mol %. The partially stabilized zirconia includes an adjacent particle portion in which two or more particles of the stabilizer low-concentration phase particles of which an average particle size is greater than 0.1 ?m are adjacent. An abundance ratio of the stabilizer high-concentration phase particles on a cross-section of the solid electrolyte is equal to or greater than 70% in terms of area ratio relative to all crystal particles.

Abstract: Systems and methods to upgrade a feedstock include a metal/oxygen electrochemical cell having a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte in which the cell is configured to produce superoxide. The superoxide can react or complex with a feedstock to upgrade the feedstock.

Abstract: A sulfide solid electrolyte may include lithium, phosphorus and sulfur, and the sulfide solid electrolyte may have a diffraction peak A at 2?=25.2±0.5 deg and a diffraction peak B at 29.7±0.5 deg in powder X-ray diffraction using CuK? rays, and a crystallite diameter in a range of from 5 to 20 nm.

Abstract: A composite including a base polymer and a surface-treated inorganic moisture absorbent. The surface-treated inorganic moisture absorbent is surface-treated with a surface-treating agent having a solubility parameter difference of less than or equal to about 3.5 from that of the base polymer. An article including the composite, a battery case including the composite or the article, and a battery including the battery case and an electrode assembly including a positive electrode and a negative electrode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solid electrolyte including partially stabilized zirconia, a producing method thereof, and a gas sensor including a solid electrolyte. The partially stabilized zirconia includes crystal particles, the crystal particles include mixed phase particles each having a high-concentration phase and a low-concentration phase, the high-concentration phase being defined such that a concentration of the stabilizer is 4.7 mol % or more, the low-concentration phase being defined as a concentration of the stabilizer is less than 4.7 mol %.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for purifying as-synthesized boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) material to remove impurities of boron, amorphous boron nitride (a-BN), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanocages, h-BN nanosheets, and carbon-containing compounds. The processes include heating the BNNT materials at different temperatures in the presence of inert gas and a hydrogen feedstock or in the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: A fuel oxidation system including an inlet in fluid communication with an interior of a sealed container, and the sealed container is holding permeated gas released from a pressure vessel within the sealed container. Another inlet is in fluid communication with an environment surrounding the sealed container, and the environment includes oxygen gas (O2). An oxidation module is in fluid communication with the inlet and the other inlet, and the oxidation module is combining the permeated gas received by the inlet with the oxygen gas (O2) received by the other inlet to form a preferred substance.

Abstract: Porous carbon particles, and a positive electrode active material and a lithium secondary battery including the same. This may improve the energy density of the lithium secondary battery by applying a porous electrode containing micropores and mesopores and having a uniform size distribution and shape as a positive electrode material.

Abstract: A method of production of a solid electrolyte, which comprises: a step of obtaining a mixture comprising a sulfide solid electrolyte and a tertiary alcohol including 9 or less carbon atoms, and a step of removing the tertiary alcohol from the mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a battery unit (1) essentially comprising a plurality of cells, a housing (3) which accommodates and surrounds the cells, and means (5) for adjusting the temperature of the cells by means of the circulation of heat transfer fluid. The battery unit (1) is characterised in that the housing (3) comprises at least one, preferably multiple, area(s) of heat exchange between the cells and the heat transfer fluid, located at least in a bottom region on which the cells rest, said area(s) being incorporated into the structure of the housing (3), preferably in the wall of the latter.

Abstract: The present invention provides a micro-porous layer which provides a fuel battery having high productivity, high power generation performance, and high durability. The present invention provides a micro-porous layer including fibrous carbohydrate having a fiber diameter of 5 nm-10 ?m and an aspect ratio of 10 or more. The carbohydrate has an oxygen/carbon element ratio of 0.02 or more.