Abstract: An electrode for electrochemical cells including an electrically conductive cohesive membrane having a thickness defined by a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; ohmic impedance independent of membrane thickness; simultaneous uniform charge/discharge throughout membrane thickness; the membrane comprising open cell pores and surfaces; a current collector electrically strongly coupled to the entire membrane thickness; and pins extending through the membrane from the first surface to the second surface; the pins electrically coupled to the current collector having eliminated prior art problematical interfacial layers.

Abstract: A catalyst deterioration suppression device includes: a first device obtaining a fuel cell voltage V (=catalyst voltage Vcat) as a variable to estimate a response speed (time constant ?) at which a coverage ratio of an oxide film of catalyst particles contained in a fuel cell cathode changes; a second device reading out a time constant ?t corresponding to the voltage V at a current time t from a pre-made map A representing a relationship between the voltage V and the time constant ? and corresponding to the catalyst particles; a third device generating a continuous-time type dynamic filter F(s, ?) by using the time constant ?t and converting the continuous-time type dynamic filter F(s, ?) to a discrete-time type dynamic filter F(z, ?); and a fourth device inputting a target voltage Vr to the discrete-time type dynamic filter F(z, ?) and outputting a corrected target voltage Vr-fil.

Abstract: A battery pack includes a plurality of battery assemblies, each of the plurality of battery assemblies including a cell stack that includes a plurality of battery cells stacked together and a plate unit covering at least a portion of a side surface of the cell stack, and a linking member configured to electrically connect at least two of the battery assemblies to each other, wherein the plate unit may include an accommodation portion into which the linking member is inserted.

Abstract: A method includes electrically connecting a first battery cell to a second battery cell by joining a first tab terminal of the first battery cell to a second tab terminal of the second battery cell. The method further includes compressing the first tab terminal and the second tab terminal after the joining. A battery assembly includes a first tab terminal extending from a first housing of a first battery cell, and a second tab terminal extending from a second housing of a second battery cell. The second tab terminal is connected directly to the first tab terminal. The method further includes an insulating layer that encloses the first and second tab terminals against the first and second housings.

Abstract: A battery module effectively suppresses a fire even when high-temperature gas or sparks are generated therein due to thermal propagation. The battery module includes a cell assembly configured such that secondary batteries having electrode leads are stacked in at least one direction; a module case configured to accommodate the cell assembly in an inner space thereof; a bus bar assembly located on at least one side of the module case and including a module bus bar made of an electrically conductive material and electrically connected to the electrode leads of the cell assembly and a bus bar housing configured so that the module bus bar is placed thereon and having a slot through which the electrode lead passes; and a blocking member located at the slot of the bus bar housing to close at least a portion of the slot by transforming a shape thereof when heat is applied thereto.

Abstract: By processing circuitry executing a program recorded in a storage unit, a control method for a fuel cell system includes calculating a load output and calculating a maximum output, comparing the load output with the maximum output, and controlling, in a case that the load output exceeds the maximum output, the fuel cell system to decrease a power storage output used by a load, by increasing a power generation output.

Abstract: A battery module according to embodiments of the present disclosure includes: a battery cell stack in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked, a module frame that is formed into a bowl type of a bottom surface and front, rear, left and right surfaces and houses the battery cell stack; and an upper plate that covers the upper side of the battery cell stack and is coupled to the module frame, wherein the module frame comprises a bottom part, front and rear plates, and left and right plates, wherein the bottom part, the front and rear plates, and the left and right plates are integrally formed, and wherein a recessed part is formed at a portion where a bottom edge connected to the front and rear plates meet with a bottom edge connected to the left and right plates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a fuel cell system, wherein the fuel cell system is controlled in accordance with a system-specific digital twin (14) that represents the fuel cell system. According to the invention, the digital twin (14) controls the fuel cell system in at least two different active operating states (16, 18) of the fuel cell system.

Abstract: An exterior material to be used for a battery comprises at least one pattern part formed in a machine direction (MD) of the exterior material, wherein the MD of the exterior material is a width direction of a battery including the exterior material, and a transverse direction (TD) of the exterior material is a longitudinal direction of the battery including the exterior material.

Abstract: An energy storage apparatus includes an energy storage unit including a plurality of energy storage devices, a first power cable connected to one of a positive electrode connection terminal of the energy storage unit and a negative electrode connection terminal of the energy storage unit and extending from an end portion of the energy storage unit to an outside of the energy storage unit, and a second power cable connected to the other of the positive electrode connection terminal and the negative electrode connection terminal and extending from the end portion of the energy storage unit to the outside of the energy storage unit. The first power cable includes a first connector. The second power cable includes a second connector including a structure which allows direct connection to the first connector. The first power cable is placed in a posture which inhibits connection between the first connector and the second connector.

Abstract: A battery case, a battery, and an electronic device include a case body, a first cover body, a first insulating part, and a second cover body, where the case body includes a bottom wall and a side wall connected to the bottom wall; the first cover body includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other; the second cover body includes a third surface and a fourth surface disposed opposite to each other; the first surface of the first cover body is connected to one end of the side wall away from the bottom wall, and the second surface of the first cover body is connected to the third surface of the second cover body by the first insulating part.

Abstract: A battery cell includes an electrode assembly, a housing, and an electrode terminal. The electrode assembly includes a tab. The housing is configured to accommodate the electrode assembly. The electrode terminal is disposed in the housing and electrically connected to the tab. The electrode terminal is provided with a through hole, where the through hole is configured for injecting an electrolyte into an inner space of the housing.

Abstract: The neutral zinc manganese battery includes a neutral zinc manganese flow battery and a power battery. The flow battery includes positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte and membrane. The corresponding flow battery includes positive and negative pumps, pipelines and storage tanks. For the power battery, the electrolyte is stored in the porous electrode, while for the flow battery, the positive and negative electrolyte flows through the positive and negative electrodes through the pump and pipeline and finally returns to the storage tank to realize the circulation of electrolyte in the electrode chamber and storage tank. In addition, the positive and negative electrode electrolyte is a neutral solution of zinc salt and manganese salt with specific composition. During charging, MnO2 of the positive electrode can be oxidized directly to ?-MnO2. During discharge, MnO2 dissolves into Mn2+.

Abstract: A cationic copolymer comprises the divalent monomer units: wherein: each Ar1 independently represents phenylene; each L independently represents a direct bond or wherein each R1 independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and each R2 independently represents an alkylene group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and each Z? represents a non-interfering anion; each Ar2 independently represents an optionally substituted divalent aryl ring, with the proviso that if L represents a direct bond, then Ar2 represents an optionally substituted cationic divalent aryl ring accompanied by Z?; each R3 independently represents H or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and each D independently represents a direct bond or Ar2, wherein adjacent D and L are not both direct bonds, and wherein if L is a direct bond, then D is Ar2. The cationic copolymer can be free-radially cured and used in a membrane.

Abstract: A battery module includes: battery stack in which a plurality of batteries are stacked; end plate provided outside battery at an end in a stacking direction of the plurality of batteries; and end separator provided between battery at the end and end plate, end separator including first support member that supports a peripheral edge of a surface intersecting the stacking direction of battery at the end, and second support member that supports a central part of the surface and has lower rigidity with respect to deformation in the stacking direction than first support member.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a button cell and an electronic device. The button cell includes a case, a cell, a conductive member arranged on the case and connected to the case in an insulated manner, and a liquid injection port for injecting an electrolyte solution into an accommodating cavity. A cell is placed in an accommodating cavity of a bottom shell. A first tab is welded to an inner bottom wall of the bottom shell, and then the top cover having the conductive member is connected to the bottom shell in a sealed manner, with a second tab on the cell being electrically connected to the conductive member. Finally, an electrolyte solution is injected into the accommodating cavity. After the electrolyte solution is injected, a sealing member covers the liquid injection port, and the sealing member is connected to the liquid injection port in a sealed manner.

Abstract: An anode active material for a secondary battery includes a plurality of composite particles. The composite particles include carbon-based particles containing pores therein. A silicon-containing coating layer is formed inside the pores or on a surface of the carbon-based particles. A surface oxide layer is formed on the silicon-containing coating layer. The surface oxide layer contains silicon oxide. A silicon oxidation number ratio of the composite particle is predefined.

Abstract: The invention relates to active electrode materials and to methods for the manufacture of active electrode materials. Such materials are of interest as active electrode materials in lithium-ion or sodium-ion batteries. The invention provides a method of making an active electrode material, the method comprising: providing a mixed niobium oxide; combining the mixed niobium oxide with a carbon precursor to form an intermediate material, wherein the carbon precursor comprises polyaromatic sp2 carbon and is selected from pitch carbons, graphene oxide, and mixtures thereof; and heating the intermediate material under reducing conditions to pyrolyse the carbon precursor forming a carbon coating on the mixed niobium oxide and introducing oxygen vacancies into the mixed niobium oxide, thereby forming the active electrode material.

Abstract: The battery pack includes a first battery module and a second battery module each including a plurality of battery cells; a first bus bar extended from the first battery module and a second bus bar extended from the second battery module; a fuse for connecting the first bus bar and the second bus bar; and a fixing member having heat resistance in which at least a part is located at the lower end part of the fuse.

Abstract: An electronic control device of a fuel cell vehicle controls a generated power output that is electric power of a fuel cell, in a manner so that a stored power voltage of a power storage device does not fall below a generated power voltage of the fuel cell.