Abstract: A system for controlling electromechanical of an internal combustion has a valve-closing electromagnet for attracting the armature coupled to the valve to close the valve, a valve-opening electromagnet for attracting the armature to open the valve, a valve-opening spring for biasing the valve open, and a valve-closing spring for biasing the valve closed. The method includes de-energizing the valve-closing electromagnet for a predetermined time, enabling the valve to oscillate by the valve springs, and then energizing the valve-closing electromagnet to close the valve. Consequently, only the valve-closing electromagnet is energized to open and close the valve. The valve biasing springs force the valve to a location at which the valve-closing electromagnet can close the valve. This provides an electrical energy over prior methods in which both the valve-opening and valve-closing electromagnets are energized to actuate the valve.

Abstract: A hydraulic system (1) for a switchable valve drive element (10) of an internal combustion engine (33) is provided and includes a throttled connection (13) created from a second channel (9), used to actuate a hydraulic play-compensation element (11) using hydraulic fluid, directly to an external radial side (12) of a coupling element (8). The coupling element (8) is supplied by a first channel (7) with the switching hydraulic pressure. These measures make it possible to keep the first channel (7) as free as possible of undesired air.

Abstract: The valve drive mechanism is particularly suitable for internal combustion engines of motor vehicles. The mechanism has at least one driven cam element and a valve control member which is moved (translationally or rotationally) by the cam element. The cam element is rotatingly mounted in a flexible surround element which is connected to the valve control member in a plane orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the cam element. The surround element can be reversably extended, such as elastically extended, to enable a variation in the resulting valve lift.

Abstract: A valve deactivation system includes a deactivation rocker arm assembly and a free motion spring assembly. The deactivation rocker arm assembly includes an elongate rocker arm defining an aperture. A center post is slidingly disposed within the aperture. The center post is configured for engaging a valve stem of a valve of an internal combustion engine. Coupling means selectively couple together and decouple the center post and the rocker arm. The free motion spring assembly includes an inner spring retainer surrounding a portion of the valve stem. An outer spring retainer surrounds a portion of the valve stem. An inner spring surrounds a portion of the valve stem between the inner spring retainer and a disk cap associated with the valve stem. An outer spring surrounds the inner spring.

Abstract: A low attenuation radioactive seed utilizing a core having a fluted or non-circular cross section is utilized for increasing the dose rate, decreasing the dwell times and improving the clinical outcomes by increasing the dose consistency throughout the treatment zone. The fluted or non-circular cross section core would increase the surface area for the deposition of the radioactive substance thereby increasing the therapeutic efficacy of the seed. In addition, the fluted or non-circular cross section may be designed in a manner to reduce photon emission attenuation by reducing the distance an inwardly directed photon would have to travel to traverse the core.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mechanically controllable valve lift adjustment. The present invention also relates to an internal combustion engine having a mechanically controllable valve lift adjustment and to a method of controlling the valve lift in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: Method and arrangement for engine breaking in motor vehicles having an internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder, at least one exhaust valve at the cylinder and a rocker arm (4) for activation of the exhaust valve. The rocker arm (4) is arranged on a hollow rocker arm shaft (5) and arranged to be effected by ridges (2a, 2b, 2c) on a camshaft (2), the device additionally having a control valve (15, 16) for controlling the oil pressure in the rocker arm shaft (5), and means (6; 14) receptive to an increase of the oil pressure in the rocker arm shaft (5) being integrated in the rocker arm (4) for absorbing a play between the rocker arm (4) and the exhaust valve in the case of increase oil pressure. At least one of the ridges (2b, 2c) causes opening of the exhaust valve with an engine breaking effect.

Abstract: A method for adjusting the timing of an internal combustion engine having a crankshaft and a camshaft to manage the thermal load on the engine. The method includes the step of altering the timing of the camshaft with respect to the timing of the crankshaft to reduce thermal load on the engine. Preferably, the step of altering the timing of the camshaft is accomplished with a variable camshaft phaser.

Abstract: An actuator for actuating a linearly translatable member, such as an engine valve includes a unit trigger actuator, the unit trigger actuator having a trigger being electrically actuatable, a hydraulic cartridge having a selectively translatable component and being operably coupled to the trigger for receiving actuation commands therefrom, the unit trigger actuator being an open loop system. A pivot element is operably coupled to the translatable component and to the engine valve, the pivot element amplifying motion imparted to the pivot element by translatory motion of the piston at the engine valve. A lash adjuster is operably coupled to the pivot element for decoupling the hydraulic cartridge from lash inherent in a plurality of components and assembly of an engine valve arrangement. A method of actuation is further included.

Abstract: A variable valve actuation (VVA) mechanism includes a partial wrap output cam assembly and a partial wrap frame assembly. Each of the partial wrap cam assembly and the partial wrap frame assembly include a respective body and a respective shaft engaging means coupled to the body. The shaft-engaging means are configured for engaging an input shaft with a snap fit to thereby pivotally dispose the output cam assembly and the frame assembly upon the input shaft.

Abstract: In a valve system for a OHV horizontally-opposed, four-cycle internal combustion engine, valve camshafts are provided at crankcase portions for supporting a crankshaft, of left and right cylinder banks disposed on opposite sides of the crankshaft. Intake and exhaust valves are provided at cylinder heads and are opened and closed by pull rods operated by the valve camshafts. The aforementioned valve system achieves large reductions in the size and weight of the piston heads where the intake and exhaust valves of the internal combustion engine are disposed.

Abstract: In a valve drive for an internal combustion engine, an elongated securing device or anti-rotation bridge referred to as a mounting aid has receptacle spaces, arranged at intervals one behind the other, for receiving respective valve tappets. Each valve tappet can be displaced longitudinally in its receptacle space. The tappet is secured against rotation by two parallel planar keying faces formed on its outer surface which bear against corresponding inner surfaces in a receptacle space of the mounting aid. The mounting aid has receptacle spaces with a relatively small interval dimension between the two inner surfaces for bearing against the keying faces of standard roller tappets and has receptacle spaces with a relatively large interval dimension between the two inner surfaces for bearing against the keying faces of switchable roller tappets.

Abstract: A variable valve timing control apparatus includes a relative rotation control mechanism and a fluid pressure passage. The relative rotation control mechanism restrains a relative rotation between a rotor and a housing at an intermediate phase position between the most advanced angle phase position and the most retarded angle phase position. The fluid pressure passage includes a first fluid path for supplying the fluid to the relative rotation control mechanism and for draining the fluid therefrom and a second fluid path for supplying the fluid to an advance angle chamber and a retard angle chamber and for draining the fluid therefrom. The first fluid path is defined independently of the second fluid path.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine operating on spark-ignitable fuel, which features at least one operating mode with homogeneous charge and self-ignition, and which includes at least one intake valve and at least one exhaust valve per cylinder, which can be coupled via a transmission device in at least one operating mode of the engine, has its combustion process be controlled in a simple manner by providing that at least one exhaust valve can be actuated during the intake stroke by means of the transmission device, the transmission device having at least one first mechanical transmission member, and the transmission device being activated by a mechanical actuating device featuring an eccentric element acting on a transmission member.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine with two camshafts arranged next to one another and each mounted in a radial bearing in the cylinder head and hydraulic device for rotary angle adjustment of each camshaft with respect to a crankshaft. The supply and discharge of hydraulic pressure medium to and from the devices are controlled separately in each case by an electromagnetic hydraulic valve comprised of an electromagnet and of a valve housing capable of being plugged into a valve receptacle. Each valve housing on its circumference has a plurality of annular grooves with a plurality of radial orifices and on its free end face has a further orifice, via which the hydraulic valves are fluidically connected to the radial bearings of the camshafts and to a pressure connection and to a tank connection. Valve receptacles are passage bores which are fluidically connected via horizontal transverse ducts to the radial bearings of the camshafts and to the pressure connection.

Abstract: A phaser for maintaining an angular relationship between a crank shaft and a cam shaft or among more than one cam shafts is provided. The phaser includes a rotor having a plurality of vanes integral to the rotor and protruding from the rotor body. The plurality of vanes is disposed to oscillate within their respective chambers formed by the rotor and a housing, thereby maintaining the angular relationship. The phaser also includes a shoulder integral to the rotor and interposed between one of the pluralities of vanes and the rotor body, thereby ensuring that the rotor face is always covering a locking pin hole regardless of vane position. The phaser further includes an inlet check valve located within the phaser structure or in very close proximity to the phaser, thereby reducing control fluid leakage.

Abstract: A system and method for determining an estimation of actual cam phase angle of increased accuracy are based on an observed cam phase angle derived from a cam phase sensor and a predicted cam phase angle derived from a desired or commanded cam phase angle. The estimated cam phase angle is used in the electronic control unit in computing desired settings for engine variables which depend on cam phase angle.

Abstract: In a VCT system, a method uses a controller to automatically determine a state of a phaser based on an identifier. The identifier identifies a filtered signal of the crank shaft and cam shaft and uses the same to identify the phaser state. A reset signal is generated by the identifier to reset the VCT system, specifically to reset a control law whereby the unnecessary information retained by the VCT system is cleared. Therefore, the controller is able to promptly and accurately determine the phaser position and state.

Abstract: A valve actuator assembly for actuating a valve, the valve having a longitudinal axis includes an electrohydraulic actuator being displaced a lateral distance from the valve longitudinal axis, and a rocker arm being rotatable about a hinge point, a first arm portion extending from the hinge point to a proximal end and a second arm portion extending from the hinge point to a distal end, the proximal end being operably coupled to the second stage piston and the distal end being operably coupled to the valve, the fist arm portion being shorter than the second arm portion, the rocker arm spanning the lateral distance. A method of stroke amplification is further included.

Abstract: A valve timing control device for adjusting the timing of opening a valve of an internal combustion engine includes a torsion spring having one end engaged with a shoe housing and the other end engaged with a vane rotor to urge the vane rotor, relative to the shoe housing, toward the advancing side or the delaying side. The end of the torsion spring engaged with the vane rotor is rotatable together with the vane rotor and inwardly directed in the radial direction, referencing the torsion spring. The vane rotor has a hook groove with which the inwardly-directed end of the torsion spring is engaged. Thus, a driven member having the vane rotor can be made smaller. Also, there is no need to form the hook groove inside the vane, so vane strength is not compromised and sealing with the vane is attained.