Abstract: A method for measuring changes in the amount of solids or liquids entrained in vapor in a container includes introducing a first vapor purge stream into a first sensor, introducing a second vapor purge stream into a second sensor located at a different level from the first sensor, and measuring the relative pressure between the sensors as indicative of changes in the amount of entrained solids or liquids.

Abstract: A method for determining the specific gravity of a liquid includes introducing a purge stream of a reference liquid into a column and introducing a first vapor purge stream into a first sensor located below the level of the reference liquid. Then a second vapor purge stream is introduced into a second sensor located below the level of the reference liquid sensor and a measurement of the difference in pressure between the two sensors is indicative of the specific gravity of the liquid.

Abstract: In a dynamic balancing machine for measuring amount and angular location of unbalance of a rotor piece during rotating the rotor piece by a drive motor, in order to position automatically the unbalance angular location to a predetermined angular position on bearings at a time of detection of the unbalance, a preset counter is used for providing a signal to stop the drive motor. Angular pulses each of which indicates rotation of the test rotor piece over a unit angular extent are generated by a rotary encoder, and phase indicating pulses are formed from the vibration signal from a vibration velocity pickup. After constant rotation of the drive motor, motor speed is reduced by a motor speed reduction signal, and, thereafter, the preset counter begins to count the angular pulses in response to presence of one pulse of the phase indicating pulses.

Abstract: A gravity anomalometer has dual units arranged in longitudinal alignment in a tube which in turn is maintained in substantially constant alignment with the center of gravity of the earth. Each unit has an upper electric member providing support for the mass and a similar lower electric member, with each member having an opening facing the opposite member. A single sensing mass initially supported in the upper member of each unit falls under the influence of gravity when the upper member is deenergized and is caught by the lower member when the latter is energized, after which the mass is returned to the upper field in a repeating cycle. Electronic means measure the rate of each fall of the mass. Since the mass in the upper unit is further from the earth's center of gravity than the mass in the lower unit the time consumed in a corresponding fall is less in the upper unit than in the lower unit. The difference in rate accordingly is made use of in determining the gravity gradient in a selected area.

Abstract: An angular accelerometer comprising a pair of misaligned, spaced apart, cantilevered optical fibers whereby angular accelerations occasion modulation of an optical signal coupled between the two spaced apart, cantilevered-beam optical fibers.

Abstract: The knock sensing equipment has a control circuit which generates gating signals for dividing the operation into a measuring phase and a test phase. In the latter, the possible malfunction of the sensor is determined. During the test phase, the sensor responds either to background noise or to a test voltage and the sensing output signals are compared to a predetermined minimum and/or maximum level. Malfunction is indicated if the signals furnished by the sensor are outside of the indicated range.

Abstract: A knock detecting apparatus includes a vibrating member with a disk-shaped vibrating portion whose resonant point is in the knock frequency range. The outer peripheral edge of the vibrating member is held substantially over the entire periphery. The vibrating portion of the vibrating member may be provided with holes and an addition such as a protrusion and/or a ring-shaped rib portion so as to vary the natural frequency of the vibrating member. Also, the size and shape of the holes and the cross-sectional area of the addition and/or the diameter of the rib portion may be varied to adjust the natural frequency of the vibrating member.

Abstract: The magnitude of a variable property of a tire such as the dynamic imbalance may be predicted by measuring lateral runout at positions close to the end of the tread pattern on both sides of the tire and determining the first harmonic runout values. The first harmonic runout values relative to the centerplane of the tire at different circumferential positions around the tire are arithmetically added. The largest sum at any point on the circumference of the tire gives an indication of the maximum dynamic imbalance of the tire. Tires can be screened by the system comparing this sum with predetermined amounts corresponding to the maximum acceptable dynamic imbalance or other standards and providing visual signals identifying those tires with the largest sum exceeding this predetermined amount or the other standards.

Abstract: A proof mass for an accelerometer is electromagnetically constrained in three orthogonal directions. An array of filaments forms an elastic suspension for the proof mass to constrain it in the remaining degrees of freedom. The resulting instrument has the potential for low cost and high-accuracy operation over a wide temperature range without the use of temperature controls.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for measuring the thickness of a test piece by obtaining the acoustic velocity of the test piece where an ultrasonic wave is refracted into the test piece at a first point and the wave travels substantially parallel to the surface and the transit time to a second point where the wave is refracted out of the test piece is measured. The distance between the first and second points is known and the ultrasonic wave is initially transmitted into a member of different acoustic velocity than the test piece to produce the subsurface wave in the test piece.

Abstract: An apparatus for the pressure testing of tubing has two support members which can be urged towards one another, one of which forming a counterbearing for the tubing and the other having a spigot with a conical face which is at least partially insertable in one end of the tube under test to seal it. The support member with the spigot is connected to an actuating spindle which is coaxial with the axis of the spigot and between the actuating spindle and the support member there is a pressure drive including a cylinder and a piston which is connected in tandem with the actuating spindle to bring the spigot into engagement with the tube. The spigot has a duct through which a test medium can be introduced into the tubing.

Abstract: To provide for improved cleaning of an optical combustion sensor, particularly to determine knocking in an internal combustion (IC) engine, a pick-up element made of glass, glass-coated or covered metal or the like, and, for example, hollow inside and filled with a vaporizable and condensable medium to define a heat pipe, has a sensing end portion which is formed with a mushroom-shaped enlarged head (14). The unit may be combined with the functions of a spark plug by extending a conductor therethrough, making the pick-up of electrically conductive glass or ceramic, placing a metal foil or other conductor at the outside, separated from the metallic housing by an insulating sleeve or the like.

Abstract: A process and a portable apparatus for performance testing of boat motors, especially with outboard drives. A brake disc is rotatably journalled in a hub of a supporting element which carries brake callipers and a lever arm, at the outer end of which a force-measuring instrument is arranged and is tensioned between the lever arm and a resistance in the form of an arm which can be clamped onto the cavitation plate of the drive. During performance testing of a boat motor, the propeller is removed and in its place the brake disc is non-rotatably mounted on the propeller shaft. The force-measuring instrument is connected to a display which gives directly the braked torque.

Abstract: An arrangement for determining the level in a container includes a capacitive probe disposed in the container, a measuring transducer arranged in the vicinity of the container, and a remote evaluation apparatus. The measuring transducer produces a signal corresponding to the capacitance between the probe and the container. This signal, which is indicative of the level in the container, is transmitted from the transducer to the evaluation apparatus via a two-wire line, which also transmits the current supply DC voltage from the evaluation apparatus to the transducer. The transducer includes a switch for periodically switching from the probe capacitance to a test capacitance. The evaluation apparatus comprises a time control circuit which periodically varies or interrupts the DC voltage on the two-wire line, and the transducer includes a control circuit which responds to the voltage changes to actuate the switch.

Abstract: An adsorbent may be tested at ambient temperature to determine its selectivity for one component of a charge liquid composition with respect to a reference component of the charge composition by equilbration at ambient temperature in the presence of an essentially inert liquid charge; the results determined at e.g. room temperature of e.g. 70.degree. F. are found to permit separation of xylenes at elevated temperatures of typically 340.degree. F.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are provided for determining when a moving body assumes a motionless state. A rate of turn sensor is attached to the moving body. A signal indicating that the body is substantially motionless is generated when the rate of turn signal generated by the sensor is substantially constant.

Abstract: A pulp sampling device for combining pulp and water to form a pulp suspension and circulating the suspension until an exact volume of a sample of the suspension has attained a targeted meter reading of consistency and concentration which volume of pulp can be used for Kappa number determination or like tests.

Abstract: An engine knock detecting apparatus having a vibration member with a plate-shaped vibratory portion having a resonance frequency in the frequency range of knocking of the engine. In order to adjust and optimize the degree of peak of the resonance, at least a part of the vibratory portion of the vibration member has a multi-layered structure consisting of two or more layers.

Abstract: To permit the use of molten glass in a sensor which has excellent characteristics with respect to capability of being melt-connected to a housing (11) while being pressure-resistant, a glass plug (12) is melt-connected to the housing (11) at a point remote from the end facing the combustion chamber; a quartz-glass rod (13), maintained in centered positioned in the housing by a powder or pulverized filling (15) of talcum, graphite, or spinel, is retained in the housing by a retention sleeve (16) pressing against a sealing O-ring (17); a bulge (13a) additionally contributes to maintaining the quartz-glass rod in position, and a spring washer (19) may be used, interposed between the quartz-glass rod (13) and the melted-in window (12) to accommodate differential expansion, under heating, of the filler (15) and the housing (11).

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of and apparatus for radiation pyrometric temperature measurement of a continuous cast metal bar. Cast bar advancing from a continuous casting machine is continuously monitored for temperature without contacting the cast bar with any apparatus by applying a layer of soot onto the surface of the bar, detecting infrared radiation emitted from the sooted area, converting the detected radiation into a temperature signal, displaying the temperature, and completely removing the soot from the cast bar before it enters a rolling mill.