Abstract: This disclosure provides a method to limit the post-disturbance node maximum RoCoF by optimizing UC decisions. The node initial RoCoF expressions under common disturbance types, including the load, the line switching, and the generator turbine disturbances, are derived. Then, the piecewise linear relationship between the node initial RoCoF and UC decision variables are obtained. To avoid numerical simulation of the node maximum RoCoF, two analytical constraints, i.e., the node initial RoCoF constraint and the COI maximum RoCoF constraint, are formulated in the UC model.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electronic switch device, the device including a housing assembly including a front cover assembly having a user accessible surface, a back body assembly, terminals configured to be coupled to an AC power source and the load; an antenna assembly including an antenna substrate disposed inside the housing assembly adjacent a portion of the front cover assembly, an antenna being disposed on the antenna substrate having a conductive grid structure; and a circuit assembly disposed inside the housing assembly coupled to the terminals, the circuit assembly comprising a printed circuit board, the printed circuit board including a ground plane, the circuit assembly being electrically connected to the antenna assembly via a conductor, the printed circuit board being separated from the antenna assembly by a predetermined distance, the circuit assembly including a relay switch having at least one solenoid winding connected to the circuit assembly and a set of contacts.

Abstract: An arc-flash sensor may provide flexibilities for supporting both surface mounting and peek-through mounting on a panel (e.g., a wall panel or an electrical panel). The arc-flash sensor includes a translucent optical lens, a fiber-optic cable, and a skirt around the back side of the optical lens. The translucent optical lens diffuses the light produced in an arc flash to enhance the detectability of light signals picked by the fiber-optic cable. The fiber-optic cable enters parallel to the panel and perpendicular to principal axis of the optical lens. The parallel fiber-optic cable configuration reduces sensor installation space occupied and potential damage to the sensor. The skirt is used to prevent false tripping caused by unexpected events on the fiber-optic cable side such as camera flashes, lightning, sunlight, or the like.

Abstract: A system for dynamic excitation of an energy storage element configured for use in an electric aircraft includes a plurality of propulsors mechanically connected to the electric aircraft. The system includes a plurality of energy storage elements electrically connected to the plurality of propulsors. The system includes a bus element, wherein the bus element is electrically connected to the plurality of energy storage elements and a cross tie element connected to the bus element configured to disconnect a first energy storage element from a second energy storage element. The system includes a modulator unit electrically connected to the bus element configured to modulate a first electrical command to the first energy storage element and a second electrical command to the second energy storage element. The system includes at least a sensor configured to detect an energy datum corresponding to the first energy storage element as a function of the modulation.

Abstract: An electrical power system including: an electrical power source, a power electronics converter, an electrical network, a current limiting diode and a controllable circuit interruption device, wherein: the current limiting diode is configured to limit a fault current passing between the electrical power source and the electrical network in a fault condition; and the controllable circuit interruption device is configured to interrupt the fault current in response to a determination that the electrical power system is in the fault condition.

Abstract: A power supply control apparatus includes: a first system capable of supplying electric power from a first power supply to a first load; a second system capable of supplying electric power from a second power supply to a load group including a second load and a third load having consumed electric power smaller than that of the second load; a plurality of load switches as defined herein; and a control unit configured to control the load switches so that backup control performed by the second system is executed by the electric power supply from the second power supply, in a case where an occurrence of a ground fault in the first system is detected, and when the control unit inspects as to whether the backup control can be executed, the control unit connects the load switch corresponding to the third load of the load group to execute the inspection.

Abstract: A current sense short protection circuit includes a switch unit, a current sensing unit, a detection circuit and a short detection module. The first terminal of the switch unit receives a first voltage. The control terminal of the switch unit receives a control signal. The first terminal of the current sensing unit is coupled to the second terminal of the switch unit. The second terminal of the current sensing unit receives a second voltage. The detection unit receives the second voltage and a third voltage provided by the first terminal of the current sensing unit, and generates a detection signal according to the second voltage and the third voltage. The short detection module receives the first voltage, the second voltage and the detection signal, and generates a short detection signal according to the first voltage, the second voltage and the detection signal.

Abstract: Connection and control concepts for battery packs in a high voltage battery assembly are provided. Parallel, modular configurations permit improved safety, voltage balancing, and redundancy, improving operation and reliability of an associated high voltage electrical vehicle such as a heavy-duty truck.

Abstract: A method for preventing ground fault in a three-phase electric transmission line system caused by a line break, includes: providing a programmable relay protection system, including a plurality of relay devices on each line, programmed to include: preset parameter ranges of at least two electric operating conditions, at least one high sensitivity instantaneous undercurrent and at least one high sensitivity condition selected from line differential overcurrent and negative sequence overcurrent (and combinations thereof), the preset ranges being acceptable operating parameter ranges; monitoring; permitting closed circuit operation when all of the lines show that the two operating conditions are within the preset acceptable operating parameter ranges; tripping a circuit breaker on a broken line when that line shows that the two operating conditions are outside the preset parameter ranges; and shutting down power to the broken line before it otherwise causes a ground fault or other short circuit.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a photovoltaic electric appliance system and a voltage protection value control method and apparatus thereof, and a controller. The photovoltaic electric appliance system includes: a photovoltaic power generation module, an electric appliance, and a grid-connection module. Said control method comprises-: acquiring the working states of the photovoltaic power generation module, the electric appliance and the grid-connection module; and according to the working states of each, determining an operation mode of the photovoltaic electric appliance system, and setting a voltage protection range of the photovoltaic electric appliance system according to the operation mode.

Abstract: A load shed module configured to be connected in series between a power supply and a load is disclosed. A separate load shed module is connected in series between each load and the power supply. The load shed module determines the frequency of the voltage supplied from the power supply. Based on the frequency, the load shed module determines if utility power is connected or if a generator is connected. If the generator is connected and the frequency of the voltage goes outside of a desired operating range for a preset time, the load shed module disconnects the load from the power supply. Each load shed module includes a priority setting and reconnects its corresponding load after a predetermined time corresponding to the priority setting.

Abstract: In one aspect, the application provides an electrical system including a conductor, a ground, an arrester electrically connected to the conductor, and a disconnector assembly electrically connected between the arrester and the ground. The disconnector assembly includes an isolator configured to perform an operating function in response to the occurrence of an event and a housing configured to surround the isolator. The isolator includes a first terminal electrically connected to the arrester by a first wire and a second terminal electrically connected to the ground by a second wire. The housing includes a first opening through which the first terminal extends, a second opening through which the second terminal extends, and a retention mechanism configured to hold the isolator in place relative to the arrester.

Abstract: In one embodiment, and apparatus includes an electrical socket for connection with an electrical plug, a sensor for identifying a secure connection between the electrical socket and the electrical plug, and an electronic controller electrically coupled to the electrical socket and comprising a power input for receiving power. The electronic controller is operable to transmit power to the electrical socket upon receiving a signal from the sensor identifying the secure connection between the electrical socket and the electrical plug and shut off or turn on power to the electrical socket upon receiving an external input to the electronic controller. A method is also disclosed herein. The apparatus and method provide an electronic controlled power switch or circuit breaker safety device.

Abstract: A ground assembly for an inductive charging device for inductively charging a motor vehicle parked on a surface may include a base plate, a flat coil, a core body, a lower hollow space, a support, and a heat-conducting jacket. The base plate may be formed as a cooling plate. The flat coil may include a helically wound conductor. The flat coil may be arranged spaced apart from the base plate. The lower hollow space may be defined between the core body and the base plate. The support may be disposed between the core body and the base plate, and may extend through the lower hollow space. The heat-conducting jacket may connect the core body and the base plate in a heat-transmitting manner, and may surround the at least one support in a jacket-like manner.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter is connected to an auxiliary battery using a second wire, and the DC-DC converter steps down a voltage and outputs it to the second wire. Plural loads are connected in parallel with the auxiliary battery to the DC-DC converter using plural third wires. A power supply control ECU varies the output voltage of the DC-DC converter and determines a fault range based on the output voltage of the DC-DC converter and a charging/discharging current of the auxiliary battery at that time.

Abstract: A system for wireless power transfer includes a wireless transmission system and a wireless receiver system. The wireless transmission system includes a transmission antenna configured to transmit one or both of wireless power signals and wireless data signals within a large charge area, the large charge area having a length of in a range of 50 millimeters (mm) to 300 mm and a width in a range of 150 to 500 mm. The wireless receiver system includes a receiver antenna, the receiver antenna including a plurality of receiver coils, each of the plurality of receiver coils configured to receive one or both of the wireless power signals and the wireless data signals within the large charge area.

Abstract: A method for operating a switching arrangement of an energy storage system, the energy storage system comprising a plurality of parallelly arranged battery packs and the switching arrangement comprising an associated contactor for each battery pack, the contactors being configured to connect and disconnect the battery packs relative a load by closing and opening, respectively. The method comprises disconnecting the battery packs from the load by means of the contactors such that the battery packs are disconnected in a sequence in which one contactor is opened last and thereby subject to increased disconnection wear, controlling the sequence in which the battery packs are disconnected in such a way that the increased disconnection wear is accounted for and used to distribute contactor wear among the contactors during subsequent disconnections of the battery packs from the load.

Abstract: A battery pack assembly comprises a battery enclosure having a first side panel, a second side panel, a third side panel, a fourth side panel, a top panel, and a bottom panel defining a module containing volume. The battery pack assembly may contain a plurality of battery modules in the module containing volume, the plurality of battery modules having a first battery module, a second battery module, and a third battery module. The first battery module and the second battery module are positioned in a first orientation and stacked to form a column of battery modules and the third battery module is positioned in a second orientation and positioned adjacent to the column of battery modules.

Abstract: An antenna for wireless power transmission includes a source coil comprised of a first conductive wire, the source coil including a first outer turn and a first inner turn, the source coil configured to connect to one or more electronic components for wireless power transfer. The antenna further includes an internal repeater coil comprised of a second conductive wire, the internal repeater coil including a second outer turn and a second inner turn, the internal repeater coil configured to have a repeater current induced in the second outer turn and the second inner turn. The antenna further includes a repeater filter circuit connected between a beginning of the second outer turn and an ending of the second inner turn, the repeater filter circuit comprising an LC filter and introducing a filter impedance to the internal repeater coil.

Abstract: A redundant power supply system for aircraft seats, includes: a first power supply module having a first AC to DC power converter configured to supply power to a first auxiliary board, the first auxiliary board being configured to supply power to a plurality of aircraft seats via a plurality of communication bus channels; a second power supply module having a second AC to DC power converter configured to supply power to a second auxiliary board, the second auxiliary board being configured to supply power to the plurality of aircraft seats via the plurality of communication bus channels; and a power supply link configured to connect the first auxiliary board and the second auxiliary board enabling the first AC to DC power converter to power the second auxiliary board via the power supply link.