Abstract: A pKa buffered vitamin C composition which includes a base alkalizer composition mixed with vitamin C (calcium ascorbate or ascorbic acid). The base alkalizer composition can be approximately 24% to 40% and the ascorbic acid or calcium ascorbate can be approximately 76% to 60% by weight of the vitamin C composition. When this vitamin C composition is orally administered to an individual (in capsule or tablet form), a rapid neutralization of his stomach acid occurs followed by a sustained pH of 6.0 to 7.5 for a thirty minute to two hour period. This allows the ingredients to be absorbed in his stomach, while preventing unpleasant reactions in his stomach. The base alkalizer composition can include the combination of a calcium carbonate carrier which acts as a mild alkalizer, an hydroxide (magnesium or potassium) which acts as a fast alkalizer, and a phosphate (dicalcium or tricalcium) which acts as a moderate alkalizer and which also maintains the pH fairly stable over a twenty to forty minute time period.

Abstract: In order to obtain a novel binding protein against a chosen target, DNA molecules, each encoding a protein comprising one of a family of similar potential binding domains and a structural signal calling for the display of the protein on the outer surface of a chosen bacterial cell, bacterial spore or phage (genetic package) are introduced into a genetic package. The protein is expressed and the potential binding domain is displayed on the outer surface of the package. The cells or viruses bearing the binding domains which recognize the target molecule are isolated and amplified. The successful binding domains are then characterized. One or more of these successful binding domains is used as a model for the design of a new family of potential binding domains, and the process is repeated until a novel binding domain having a desired affinity for the target molecule is obtained.