Abstract: The invention discloses a method for producing bio-fuel (BF) from a high-viscosity biomass using thermo-chemical conversion of the biomass in a production line (10) with pumping means (PM), heating means (HM) and cooling means (CM). The method has the steps of 1) operating the pumping means, the heating means and the cooling means so that the production line is under supercritical fluid conditions (SCF) to induce biomass conversion in a conversion zone (CZ) within the production line, and 2) operating the pumping means so that at least part of the production line is in an oscillatory flow (OF) mode. The invention is advantageous for providing an improved method for producing biofuel from a high-viscosity biomass. This is performed by an advantageous combination of two operating modes: supercritical fluid (SCF) conditions and oscillatory flow (OF).

Abstract: A process and plant for the co-production of methanol and ammonia together with urea production from a hydrocarbon feed without venting to the atmosphere carbon dioxide captured from the methanol or ammonia synthesis gas and without using expensive air separation units and water gas shift. Carbon dioxide is removed from flue gas from reforming section and used to convert partially or fully all ammonia into urea.

Abstract: A plant for the co-production of methanol and ammonia from a hydrocarbon feed without venting to the atmosphere carbon dioxide captured from the methanol or ammonia synthesis gas and without using expensive air separation units and water gas shift.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing Pb-212. The apparatus comprises an emanation box that comprises an emanation source comprising a porous non-reactive material. The emanation box receives at least one of Th-228 and Ra-224, wherein the at least one of Th-228 and Ra-224 decays to Rn-220 within the emanation box. The apparatus further includes a carrier gas feed coupled to the emanation box. The carrier gas feed directs an inert gas into the emanation box and the inert gas carries the Rn-220 out of the emanation box through a carrier gas exit port of the emanation box. The apparatus also includes one or more Rn-220 targets coupled to the carrier gas exit port. The carrier gas carries the Rn-220 from the emanation box to the one or more Rn-220 targets and the Rn-220 decays into Pb-212 within the one or more Rn-220 targets. The Pb-212 is directed into the Pb-212 collection container.

Abstract: A device is configured to increase the portion of low-boiling fractions of a liquid, particularly mineral oil. A device includes a pressure wave generator for generating a pressure wave having a first frequency, in which the pressure wave generator is arranged to subject the liquid to the pressure waves in a region of application, at least one pipe which is arranged through which treated liquid flows after the region of application, and means for exciting the at least one pipe through which such treated liquid flows to oscillations of a second frequency, which is the resonance frequency of the excited system.

Abstract: An ammonia synthesis converter for small production units which provides full access for routine maintenance and catalyst replacement while providing adequate catalyst pressure drop to ensure kinetic performance and reduce heat leak from the catalyst beds. A shell has a removable top head and an annular basket is removably mounted in the shell. First and second catalyst beds are disposed in the annular zone of the basket for axial down-flow in series. A quench gas is introduced into effluent from the first catalyst bed and the resulting mixture into a top of the second catalyst bed. A feed-effluent interchanger in the inner basket zone is adapted to receive effluent from the second catalyst bed and indirectly heat a feed to the first catalyst bed. Also, methods of operating and servicing the converter.

Abstract: The disclosure belongs to the technical field of solid fuel utilization and discloses a gasification reactor adaptable for feedstock with wide particle size distribution, including a reactor body. The reactor body is composed of a first reaction chamber, a second reaction chamber, and a third reaction chamber, which are connected with each other. The side wall of the first reaction chamber is provided with a first vent for introducing a gasification agent to fluidize the fine feedstock particles in the first reaction chamber and the gasification reaction occurs. The bottom of the second reaction chamber is provided with a second vent for introducing an oxidant to react with the coarse feedstock particles in the second reaction chamber. The bottom of the third reaction chamber is provided with a third vent for introducing a gasification agent to fluidize and gasify the incompletely reacted particles in the third reaction chamber.

Abstract: A system for treatment of a biomass material, said system comprising: a first vessel (3) in which said biomass material is treated under a first pressure; a second vessel (5) in which said biomass material is received and held at a second pressure which is lower than the first pressure; a transporting pipe (7) connecting an outlet (9) of the first vessel (3) with an inlet (11) of the second vessel (5) for transporting the biomass material from the first vessel to the second vessel; and a valve (15; 15?; 15) arranged in said transporting pipe (7), said valve being configured for controlling the flow of biomass material and fluid in the transporting pipe (7), wherein said transporting pipe (7) is asymmetrically connected to an outlet (33?; 33) of said valve (15; 15?; 15) such that a generated jet stream of biomass material delivered out from the outlet (33?; 33) of the valve (15; 15?; 15) is received closer to a transporting pipe longitudinal central axis (A1) than if the outlet (33?; 33) of the valve (15; 15?;

Abstract: An autoclave system comprises an autoclave vessel 210, for performing a leaching operation on sacrificial ceramic cores (not shown) and a storage vessel 220 for containing caustic leaching fluid 230. Interposed in a fluid flow path between the vessel 210 and the tank 220 is a heat exchange unit 240, comprising a body 250 containing a thermal exchange medium, in the form of water 260, and first and second thermal exchange conduits represented at 270 and 280. A thermal exchange medium inlet pipe 290a and a thermal exchange medium outlet pipe 290b are provided to the body so that the medium 260 can be replenished, preferably substantially continuously, to optimize thermal transfer efficiency.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pressure vessel, having: a reaction chamber (2) as a pressure space for the initiation and/or facilitation of chemical and/or physical pressure reactions of samples (P) accommodated in the reaction chamber (2); a fluid inlet (20) with a feed valve (21) which is adjustable between an open position, for the feed of a fluid, preferably a flushing gas, into the reaction chamber (2), and a closed position, for stopping the feed of the fluid; a fluid outlet (30) with a discharge valve (31), which is adjustable between an open position, for the discharge of a fluid out of the reaction chamber (2), and a closed position, for stopping the discharge of the fluid out of the reaction chamber (2); and an oxygen sensor (33) for detecting an oxygen content in the reaction chamber (2).

Abstract: A catalyst regenerator for regenerating a coked catalyst produced along with a olefin by mixing naphtha and a catalyst with each other to cause a naphtha cracking reaction, and falling from a cyclone which separates the coked catalyst and the olefin produced from the naphtha cracking reaction, includes: a vessel accommodating a catalyst layer formed by stacking the catalyst; a partial oxidation burner producing a high-temperature gas containing solid carbon; and supply nozzles connected to the partial oxidation burner, installed on a bottom of the vessel toward the falling catalyst and the catalyst layer, and spraying the high-temperature gas containing the solid carbon to the catalyst and the catalyst layer.

Abstract: A hydrogen reforming system is provided and includes a steam reforming system, a dry reforming system, and a water supply device. The steam reforming system is configured to (i) receive a raw material gas and react the raw material gas with water to generate a first mixed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, (ii) react the first mixed gas with the water to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and (iii) discharge hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The dry reforming system is configured to (i) receive and react the raw material gas and the carbon dioxide discharged from the steam reforming system to generate a second mixed gas containing hydrogen, (ii) react the second mixed gas with the water to generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and (iii) discharge hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The water supply device is configured to supply the water to the steam reforming system and the dry reforming system.

Abstract: A process for synthesis of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide comprising the synthesis of urea in parallel in a first urea reactor (1) at a first urea synthesis pressure and in a second urea reactor (2) at a second and lower urea synthesis pressure; a stripping step of the reaction effluent of the first reactor, which is performed in a stripper (4) operating at a stripping pressure lower than the first urea synthesis pressure; the reaction effluent (21) of the second reactor (2) and the stripper liquid effluent (11) are sent to a recovery section (13) where a carbamate-containing recycle solution (17) is produced, and said recycle solution (17) is sent partly to said first reactor and partly to said second reactor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a packing element, in particular for mass and/or heat exchange columns, through which at least one gas and/or at least one liquid flow flows, comprising a plurality of neighbouring strips curved inwards and/or outwards, wherein each strip is connected to the neighbouring strips at at least one end thereof. It is the object of the present invention to provide a packing element that is improved relative to the state of the art. According to the disclosure, this object is achieved in that at least one of the strips has an irregular shape.

Abstract: A piston pressure device includes a gas concentration-regulating piston pressure device and a high temperature autoclave. In the gas concentration-regulating piston pressure device, the proportion and concentration of corrosive gases can be accurately adjusted, intermediate gases can be stored and filled into the high temperature autoclave according to experimental needs, and an actual corrosion process in oilfield is accurately simulated. Meanwhile, the corrosive gases can be supplemented in real time during the experiment, and dynamic gas distribution in a high-temperature high-pressure corrosion experiment process is realized.

Abstract: An entirely water-based, energy self-sufficient, integrated in-line waste management system is provided for comprehensive conversion of all organic fractions of municipal and wider community waste to fuels suitable for use in transportation, with all solid residues converted to high nutrition compost. The system is based on a combination of pre-treatment, involving alkaline hydrolysis and saponification; three-way separation of the pre-treated waste into different streams that are each directed to suitable further processing including fuel production; which includes biodiesel generation in a continuous-flow catalytic esterification unit, and anaerobic digestion to produce methane or other small molecule biofuel. Remaining solids are converted to compost in a quasi-continuous process.

Abstract: A peptide synthesis instrument can be used for small scale peptide synthesis. The instrument can include several unique features, including a compression style reaction vessel permitting quick setup of the reaction vessel, a double reaction vessel system permitting efficient mixing without loss of solvent or solvent-to-resin contact, gravity-fed heated reservoirs establishing a fixed volume for delivery to the reaction vessel, fume-free solvent addition permitting solvent addition to fixed bottles, and an improved amino acid manifold assembly which reduces the number of components and increases the ease of use of the instrument. Each of these features improve upon the current state of the art in solid phase automated peptide synthesizers.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems, apparatuses, and methods for the treatment of containerized waste, such as hazardous, radioactive and/or mixed waste. The apparatuses and methods employ a combination of thermal decomposition and specialized lances.

Abstract: Systems and methods for synthesizing chemical products, including active pharmaceutical ingredients, are provided. Certain of the systems and methods described herein are capable of manufacturing multiple chemical products without the need to fluidically connect or disconnect unit operations when switching from one making chemical product to making another chemical product.

Abstract: An ethylene oxide (EO) reactor is provided in which a removable impingement basket is configured to be inserted into the reactor inlet pipe of the EO reactor. The removable impingement basket provides protection for the silver-based catalyst filled tubes and other components that are present inside the EO reactor as well as providing another access point into the EO reactor. The removable impingement basket also can provide better distribution of the inlet gas as compared to an EO reactor containing a non-removable impingement plate.