Abstract: Examples of a pixel cell are disclosed. In one example, a pixel cell may include a first semiconductor layer including a photodiode and one or more transistor devices configured to convert charges generated by the photodiode into an analog signal. The pixel cell may also include a second semiconductor layer including one or more transistor devices configured to convert the analog signal to one or more digital signals. The first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer may form a stack structure. In another example, a pixel cell may include a photodiode and a capacitor. The pixel cell may be operated, in a first mode of measurement, to measure the charges stored at the capacitor when the capacitor is electrically coupled with the photodiode, and in a second mode of measurement, to measure the charges stored at the capacitor when the capacitor is electrically isolated from the photodiode.

Abstract: A photodiode current comparison circuit has a first current source coupled to a circuit node configurable to operate in a first mode, a second current source coupled to the circuit node configurable to operate in a second mode opposite the first mode, and a third current source switchable to route a current to the circuit node in response to a data signal using a transistor coupled between the circuit node and the third current source. A photodiode is coupled to the circuit node. In a first configuration, an anode of the photodiode is coupled to the circuit node and a cathode of the photodiode is coupled to a power supply terminal. In a second configuration, a cathode of the photodiode is coupled to the circuit node and an anode of the photodiode is coupled to a power supply terminal. An amplifier provides an error signal of the photodiode.

Abstract: Provided is an encoder apparatus including: a scale provided to a rotation shaft of a drive apparatus and having a predetermined pattern; a detector that detects the predetermined pattern; a rotation information calculator that calculates rotation information on the rotation shaft by using detection results of the detector; an eccentricity information calculator; and a corrector that corrects the rotation information.

Abstract: A scanning reticle for an optical position measuring device includes a substrate having an upper surface, operating in transmission, and having different functional regions. The upper surface includes at least one region having a grating made up of gaps and ribs, the ribs being formed in the substrate. The upper surface includes an antireflection layer, which is discontinuous in the region of the gaps.

Abstract: A system for detecting an intrusion of at least one of a monitoring fiber and a detector comprises a sensor having a closure monitor and an intrusion monitor, the closure monitor including a signal generator and at least one detector attached to the monitoring fiber. The signal generator transmits signal light such that the monitoring fiber receives the transmitted signal light and reflects a portion of the signal light via the at least one detector to the closure monitor and transmits a non-reflected portion of the signal light. The intrusion monitor receives the transmitted non-reflected portion of the signal light, and monitors the non-reflected portion of the signal light to detect transient changes in the non-reflected portion of the signal light indicative of at least one of a vibration, a motion and a handling of at least one of the monitoring fiber and the at least one detector.

Abstract: An imaging device comprising a pixel substrate including pixel element circuitry, a logic substrate including read circuitry configured to receive an output signal voltage from the pixel element circuitry, and electrically-conductive material arranged between the pixel substrate and the logic substrate, wherein the electrically-conductive material is configured to transfer at least one reference voltage from the logic substrate to the pixel substrate, wherein the electrically-conductive material comprises a Cu—Cu bonding portion.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus includes: a light source that emits light; a scale that has a plurality of tracks whose patterns are different from each other, the tracks passing at least a part of lights emitted by the light source; a light receiving part that has a plurality of light receiving elements that each output an optical signal corresponding to strength of light received through the tracks; and a signal generation part that generates a serial signal in which a plurality of the optical signals are time-division multiplexed and sends the generated serial signal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for non-destructive inspection using microwave microscopy are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for inspecting an electrically-conductive mesh in a composite component using microwave microscopy comprises generating radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation using a microwave microscopy probe disposed adjacent the composite component so that the radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation interacts with the electrically-conductive mesh in the composite component, and, detecting a characteristic associated with the microwave microscopy probe. The detected characteristic is indicative of a condition of the electrically-conductive mesh.

Abstract: A sensor assembly for passive detections of downhole well features. Embodiments include a casing collar locator assembly that utilizes fiber optics in combination with a magneto-responsive sensor to detect casing collars and provide real-time location information in a well. The sensor may be configured to work with a poled monolithic structure that is dimensionally responsive to voltage in a way that substantially eliminates noise during detections. Additionally, the sensor may be intentionally imbalanced, utilizing multiple fibers of different lengths and multiple wavelength monitoring so as to provide enhanced directional information as well as allow operators to decipher and address circumstances of polarization fade.

Abstract: A method of detecting crosstalk for a digital isolator having first and second channels including two die with channels including a transmit side, receive side, with ?1 die including a capacitive barrier for each channel. A first clock signal at a first frequency in a first pulse pattern and a second clock signal at a second frequency in a second pulse pattern are configured, wherein the pulse patterns have a phase difference. The transmit side of the channels each encode their received clock pulse pattern, then modulate with a carrier frequency to provide a fc1 and a fc2 signal, respectively. The receive side of the channels demodulate received signals during a rising or falling edge of their clock signal to generate a delayed received version of the first and second clock pulse pattern. Missing pulses are identified by comparing the delayed received clock pulse patterns to their clock pulse patterns.

Abstract: A touch probe for sensing the position of a surface, having a housing and a moving assembly supported within the housing and including a flexible reflective element, a spacer element, and a semitransparent element, wherein a reflective surface of the flexible reflective element and a surface of the semitransparent element are separated by the spacer element, and a stylus connected to the flexible reflective element. Movement of the stylus responsive to a force causes the flexible reflective element to flex and change distances between points on the reflective surface and on the surface of the semitransparent element. Coherent light incident upon the semitransparent element and directed towards the reflective surface creates interference fringes dependent upon separation distances between the reflective surface and the surface of the semitransparent element. A detector senses changes in the interference fringes patterns in response to flexing of the flexible element.

Abstract: A clamping device (300) for a light guide (112) is provided. The clamping device (300) includes a carrier structure having a first securing element (301) for securing the light guide (112) in a first position (401), and a second securing element (302) at a distance from the first securing element (301) for securing the light guide (112) in a second position (402), wherein the first and second positions (401, 402) have a first distance (403) in a longitudinal extension of the light guide (112). Further, an intermediate carrier (500) having a first surface (503) on which the first and second securing elements (301, 302) are attached in respective securing positions (501, 502), and an opposing second surface (504), which can be applied to a measurement object, is provided. Hereby, a second distance (505) of the securing positions (501, 502) of the securing elements (301, 302) on the intermediate carrier (500) is greater than the first distance (403) in a longitudinal direction of the light guide (112).

Abstract: Systems are provided including night vision goggles and up-conversion circuits for converting short wave infrared (SWIR) light into near infrared (NIR) light or other visible light in low-light environments. An array of electrically coupled photodiodes, amplifiers, and NIR light emitters generate and amplify a current in response to SWIR, powering the light emitters to generate NIR light. The NIR can then be directed into a photomultiplier tube to amplify the light and allow an operator to see in low-light environments.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a method for manufacturing a rear surface incident type light receiving device including a substrate, a light receiving unit formed on a surface of the substrate and an electrode formed on the light receiving unit and electrically connected to the light receiving unit includes a first step of performing, after formation of a part of the electrode, a characteristic inspection of the rear surface incident type light receiving device by applying a probe to a part of the electrode and a second step of reducing an area of the electrode in a plan view.

Abstract: A vehicular imaging system includes an imaging device having a single imaging sensor capturing image data within a field of view. A control within the vehicle includes an image processor and receives image data captured by the single imaging sensor and receives vehicle data via a communication bus of the vehicle. Responsive at least in part to image processing of captured image data, the control detects converging road features along the road the vehicle is travelling and determines a point of intersection where the converging road features would converge. Responsive at least in part to image processing of captured image data, the control automatically corrects for misalignment of the imaging device mounted at the vehicle.

Abstract: An optical fiber sensor includes: a transmitting unit configured to output two lights into an optical fiber, wavelengths of the two lights being different from each other at a specific time, and at least one of the wavelengths of the two lights varying with time; and a measuring unit configured to receive back-scattered light output from the optical fiber and detect a temporal variation of an optical phase at an arbitrary interval in a longitudinal direction of the optical fiber by measuring measure an interference state of the two lights.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes subassemblies and optoelectronic modules in which an optics system, or a spacer laterally surrounding a cover glass, includes a flange which facilitates mechanical attachment of the optics system to the spacer.

Abstract: An imaging device is provided. The imaging device may include a substrate having a first photoelectric conversion unit and a second photoelectric conversion unit at a light-incident side of the substrate. The second photoelectric conversion unit may include a photoelectric conversion layer, a first electrode, a second electrode above the photoelectric conversion layer, a third electrode, and an insulating material between the third electrode and the photoelectric conversion layer, wherein a portion of the insulating material is between the first electrode and the third electrode.

Abstract: A bias circuit includes a replica circuit for an amplifier circuit using a cascode type inverter, and a generation circuit that generates a bias voltage that causes a drain voltage of an input stage transistor of the amplifier circuit to be a saturation drain voltage, based on an output voltage of the replica circuit, and supplies the generated bias voltage to a cascode element of the amplifier circuit and a cascode element of the replica circuit.

Abstract: A sensor control device and a sensor system are provided through which it is possible to automatically detect whether mutual interference occurs for a plurality of sensor units, and it is possible to automatically set periodic light projection timings for preventing mutual interference. A sensor control device includes a light projection control part configured to instruct a light projection operation for each of a plurality of sensor units and a light projection timing setting part configured to set periodic light projection timings when each of the sensor units is periodically operated based on results of light projection control for each of the sensor units and detection results of each of the sensor units.