Abstract: Anatomy mannequins, models and medical simulation systems may facilitate training by rendering a realistic tactile feedback when the end user manipulates the anatomy model with a handheld tool. An anatomy model may comprise various inexpensive material arrangements to replicate the side-to-side motion friction and resistance against the insertion and manipulation of a surgical instrument in a living body soft body tissue, such as muscle or ligament layers, while ensuring sustainability of the corresponding simulator parts over at least thousands of training sessions. A mesh layer may be arranged as an interlinked mesh of elastomer strands. A soft body layer may also be arranged as a grid of flexible protruding elements. The instrument may be inserted and manipulated through the crossings of the interlinked elastomer strands and/or the recesses or channels between the flexible protruding elements to provide a tactile feedback similar to that of real surgery tool handheld manipulation.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an experiment platform for simulating fire in an underground traffic conversion channel, including: a model body configured to simulate fire in the an underground traffic conversion channel; a burner connected to the model body and configured to generate smoke; and a smoke imaging system including laser sheet light sources and image recording devices configured to record smoke distribution images. The laser sheet light sources are in the model body, and plane laser light emitted by the laser sheet light sources is parallel to a flow direction of the smoke. The image recording devices are in one-to-one correspondence to the laser sheet light sources and are arranged outside an observation window of the model body. One laser sheet light source and one image recording device corresponding thereto each have a filter configured to filter out laser light of a same wavelength.

Abstract: A dent removal teaching system may include a base frame and an upper frame movably coupled, or articulating with the base frame. The upper frame may include a plurality of access holes, whereby a dent removal tool may be inserted into one of the plurality of access holes. The dent removal teaching system may also include a body panel which may be releasably secured to the upper frame, so that a user may apply force to a dent in the body panel using the dent removal tool. This combination provides a teaching environment to practice the removal of a dent from a vehicle body.

Abstract: An anatomical model for surgical training is provided. The model includes a first layer simulating a liver and a second layer including a simulated gallbladder. A third layer having an inner surface and an outer surface is provided between the first and second layer. The outer surface of the third layer is adhered to the first layer at location around the simulated gallbladder and the simulated gallbladder is adhered to the inner surface of the third layer. A fourth layer is provided that overlays both the second layer and the simulated gallbladder. A frame is embedded within the first layer and is connectable to a support. The model provides a substantially upright projection of a simulated gallbladder and liver in a retracted orientation ideally suited for practicing laparoscopic cholecystectomy when inserted inside a simulated insufflated cavity of laparoscopic trainer.

Abstract: A system for training a clinician in energy-based surgical techniques that advantageously does not require the simulated tissue to be electrically conductive is provided. The simulated tissue comprises one or more materials. A heat generator is configured in the shape of a medical instrument typically encountered in energy-based surgical procedures such as electrosurgery or electrocautery. The instrument delivers sufficient heat to melt at least one of the materials in order to simulate energy-based surgical techniques such as excising target material. The one or more materials are configured in the simulated tissue such that their relative thermoplasticity defines a predetermined surgical pathway of a desired clinical outcome.

Abstract: Method of using a snowboard training apparatus for transferring the feel of toe side and heel side of a snowboard from an instructor to a snowboard learner is disclosed. The training apparatus includes a training rod having a first and second end. The first end and second end of the training rod can be adapted to be supported by a snowboarder's leg, snowboarder's boot, snowboard's bindings or a snowboard itself. The training apparatus can also include a second training rod.

Abstract: An electronic chess set includes a plurality of game pieces, a chessboard having a playing surface including a plurality of individually identifiable locations visible to a user on the chessboard, an illumination system configured to illuminate each of the plurality individually identifiable locations and an electronic system coupled to the illumination system. Each of the individually identifiable locations is configured to receive any one of the plurality of game pieces. The electronic system includes a processor configured to determine when a user is in contact with a selected one of the plurality of game pieces and control an operation of the illumination system to illuminate the playing surface to provide a visual identification of at least one move available for the selected piece in view of a handicap level provided for the user.

Abstract: A firefighting training apparatus includes a base having a feed pipe mounted on the base, and one or more standpipes mounted on the feed pipe. Each standpipe can have one or more couplings that are configured to receive a field adjustable pressure reducing valve that is further configured to connect to a firehose or other firefighting equipment. The apparatus is reconfigurable, and various different types of field adjustable pressure reducing valves can be mounted on the standpipe(s) for use in different training exercises or simply to allow firefighter to become familiar with operating the field adjustable pressure reducing valves under training conditions.

Abstract: A head assembly for a crash test dummy includes a skull, a head skin disposed over the skull, and a facial insert disposed between the skull and the head skin and having a plurality of defined cell structures to achieve a biomechanical response that provides for evaluation of potential head injuries during vehicle crash testing.

Abstract: An eyelash application practice apparatus has a head with a face section and a base for supporting the head. The face section has a plurality of eye zones. The eye zones include a plurality of displaceable parts including at least one eyelid with a closure mechanism that allows the at least one eyelid to be displaced to one of a plurality of discrete positions between a first open eye position and a second closed eye position.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pop-up or three-dimensional gloss card including a substantially flat gloss layer having at least one color chip with a predetermined gloss finish, and a top layer defining at least one window. The top layer is positioned on top of the gloss layer so that the at least one color chip is visible through the at least one window. The gloss card also has an activator that reversibly bends the gloss layer so that the at least one color chip protrudes through the at least one window to exhibit the gloss finish of the color chip.

Abstract: A simulated tissue structure for practicing surgical techniques is provided. In particular, a realistic organ model or tissue portion for practicing the removal of a tumor or other undesired tissue followed by suturing a remnant defect as part of the same surgical procedure is provided. The simulated tissue structure includes an artificial tumor disposed between layers of elastomeric material and mounted on a simulated organ wall or tissue portion. The simulated tissue structure is modular and interchangeable. At least one of the layers includes a mesh reinforcement. A defect comprising two juxtapositioned surfaces defining a gap between the surfaces is created in the simulated tissue structure and the trainee practices tumor removal and closure of the gap by suturing in a laparoscopic environment.

Abstract: A transportable fire training apparatus includes a trailer frame having a rear raised section at a rear end of the trailer frame and an unraised section at a middle portion of the trailer frame, a shell attached to the trailer frame and partitioned into a plurality of training rooms, a rear multi-axle wheel set disposed below, and attached to, the rear raised section of the trailer frame via an air ride suspension system that raises the trailer frame relative to the a rear multi-axle wheel set in response to pressurization of the air ride suspension system. The unraised section of the trailer frame rides substantially above the ground when the air ride suspension system is in a pressurized state and rests on the ground when the air ride suspension system is in an unpressurized state. A method for deploying and using the transportable fire training apparatus is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for simulating the accumulation of paint on a virtual object, the method comprising, dividing a surface of the virtual object into a plurality of sections, determining a point on the virtual object to deposit a virtual paint droplet, depositing the virtual paint droplet on the virtual object so that a center of the virtual paint droplet is disposed at the point, determining a subset of the plurality of sections touching the virtual paint droplet, calculating a thickness for the virtual paint droplet based on a volume and a radius of the virtual paint droplet, and incrementing each of the subset of the plurality of sections by the calculated thickness of the virtual paint droplet.

Abstract: Embodiments of a resettable injection training device are provided herein. The resettable injection training device includes a body and a retractable shield, extendable and retractable relative to the body of the device, in an embodiment. In another embodiment, the resettable injection training device may include an injection simulation member. The retractable shield may be lockable in an extended position, and may be unlocked to retract the shield for a subsequent use of the device in one non-limiting embodiment. In another non-limiting embodiment, a resetting component may be used to retract the shield to reset the device.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a medicament delivery training device comprising a body, a needle cover, a rotator that is torsionally biased, and a plunger rod. When the needle cover is moved from an extended position to a retracted position relative to the body, this linear motion is transformed into a rotational motion of the rotator which thereby releases the plunger rod. The plunger rod, which is biased, is thereby able to move axially. During axial motion of the plunger rod, the plunger rod is arranged to engage with the rotator to thereby displace the rotator axially, eventually resulting in a first angular distance rotation of the rotator. Upon release of the biased needle cover from the extended position, the rotator is allowed to rotate a second angular distance, thus obtaining a position which prevents the needle cover to move from the extended position towards the retracted position.

Abstract: A resettable injection training device embodiment including an outer housing having a proximal end and a distal end, the housing defining a chamber there within, a safety shield having a proximal end and a distal end, the safety shield having a retracted, locked position, a first extended unlocked position, a second extended unlocked position, and a second extended locked position is described herein. The device embodiment including a plunger having a proximal a distal end, the plunger having a retracted and an extended position. The device may include a rotating plunger locking collar, an unlocking member coupled to the plunger, wherein rotation of the unlocking member from a first position to a second position unlocks the device and releases the safety shield from the retracted, locked position. The device may further include a resetting cap for resetting the device for a subsequent use.

Abstract: An anatomical model for surgical training is provided. The model includes a first layer simulating a liver and a second layer including a simulated gallbladder. A third layer having an inner surface and an outer surface is provided between the first and second layer. The outer surface of the third layer is adhered to the first layer at location around the simulated gallbladder and the simulated gallbladder is adhered to the inner surface of the third layer. A fourth layer is provided that overlays both the second layer and the simulated gallbladder. A frame is embedded within the first layer and is connectable to a support. The model provides a substantially upright projection of a simulated gallbladder and liver in a retracted orientation ideally suited for practicing laparoscopic cholecystectomy when inserted inside a simulated insufflated cavity of laparoscopic trainer.

Abstract: A system and method for simulating a structure is disclosed. An adjustable interior mockup for simulating a structure has a base with a first elongated side and a second elongated side, the first elongated side being nonadjacent the second elongated side; and an adjustable frame secured to the base. The adjustable frame includes a plurality of girder members secured along the first and second elongated sides to form an arc; a plurality of brackets; a plurality of arms having a latch attached to one end; and a sheet of fabric. The girders are securely fastened along the first elongated side of the base at predetermined intervals; the brackets are secured to the girders; the arms are received by the brackets and adjustably anchored to the girders via a fastener; and the latches engage the sheet of fabric, thus pulling the fabric into a shape that resembles the structure.

Abstract: A training cartridge for use in firearm malfunction training is disclosed. The training cartridge is used in a firearm including a clip or magazine to prevent conventional ammunition cartridges from being properly fed into the firing chamber of the firearm. The training cartridge includes a generally cylindrical body, a skirt portion extending outwardly relative to an outer surface of the body, an annular rim spaced from a lower surface of the skirt that is oriented toward the rim such that an annular recess is formed between the lower surface of the skirt and the rim. A feed malfunction is induced when a conventional ammunition cartridge, as it is fed into the firing chamber, is snagged by the adjacent training cartridge.