Abstract: The inventors demonstrate that treatment of young, suckling mice with a glycolipid derived from Helicobacter pylori activates NKT cells in a CD1d-restricted fashion, and is protective against AHR in a model of allergen-induced asthma. The inventors further found that this protective effect can be transferred by NKT cells exposed to the glycolipid, and is associated with the expansion of a suppressive double-negative NKT cells and Foxp3+ TReg cells. The inventors also demonstrate herein that pre-treatment of adult mice with a glycolipid derived from Helicobacter pylori partially suppresses airway hyperreactivity and inhibits BAL inflammation in an ozone-exposure model. Accordingly, provided herein are compositions and methods for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases, such as asthma or autoimmune diseases, in a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: A method is described for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), by administering to the individual an anti-epileptic mood stabilizer at a dose which is sub-therapeutic for mood stabilization, optionally in combination with a psychostimulant. Also described is a method of improving reading comprehension and/or fluency in an individual suffering from learning difficulties which method comprises administering to the individual an anti-epileptic mood stabilizer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to triazolopyrimidine, phenylpyrimidine, pyridopyridazine, and pyridotriazine compounds which are microtubule-stabilizing compounds and their use in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, in particular, tauopathies, such as for example, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration. In addition, the compounds of the invention may be useful for other diseases where tau pathology is a comorbidity or where microtubule function is compromised, for example, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease (PD), PD with dementia, Lewy body disease with dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Abstract: The presently described technology provides compositions comprising aryl carboxylic acids chemically conjugated to hydrocodone (morphinan-6-one, 4,5-alpha-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl) to form novel prodrugs/compositions of hydrocodone, including benzoates and heteroaryl carboxylic acids, which have a decreased potential for abuse of hydrocodone. The present technology also provides methods of treating patients, pharmaceutical kits and methods of synthesizing conjugates of the present technology.

Abstract: The present invention provides for methods and compositions for treating medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. It is based, at least in part, on the discovery that phenylbutyrate can serve as a substrate for medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. In non-limiting embodiments, phenylbutyrate and/or another source of phenylacetate is administered as a chaperone treatment to patients suffering from medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to pharmaceutical compositions useful for (and to a method of) treating autoimmune, respiratory and/or inflammatory diseases and conditions. The method involves administering to a subject in need thereof roflumilast N-oxide by inhalation. The present disclosure particularly relates to the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by administering roflumilast N-oxide by inhalation.

Abstract: Methods are provided for reducing chronic inflammatory pain, increasing the levels of endogenous opioid peptides, as well as increasing the pain threshold of a subject having symptoms of androgen deficiency, comprising transdermally administering a composition comprising a bioactive androgen on a daily basis. In addition, the invention also relates to increasing the levels of endogenous opioid peptides in a human subject by administering an androgen composition to the subject. The invention also encompasses administration of a composition consisting essentially of an androgen for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain, and for increasing the pain-threshold in a subject.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of reducing chronic inflammatory pain in a human subject with androgen deficiency symptoms comprising transdermally administering a pain-reducing amount of a composition comprising a bioactive androgen to the subject on a daily basis. The invention relates to a method of increasing the pain threshold of a human subject having symptoms of androgen deficiency comprising transdermally administering a composition comprising a pain threshold-increasing amount of a bioactive androgen to the subject with androgen deficiency symptoms on a daily basis. The invention may be used to treat males and females in order to alleviate chronic inflammatory pain or to raise the subject's pain threshold. The invention also relates to increasing the levels of endogenous opioid peptides in a human subject by administering an androgen composition to the subject.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of remyelinating axons with 6-substituted estradiol compounds of the formula The methods can be used to treat a variety of demyelinating diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to combinations and methods for the treatment of neurological disorders related to glutamate excitotoxicity and Amyloid ? toxicity. More specifically, the present invention relates to novel combinatorial therapies of Alzheimer's disease, Alzheimer's disease related disorders, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, neuropathic pain, alcoholic neuropathy, alcoholism or alcohol withdrawal, or spinal cord injury, based on baclofen and acamprosate combination.

Abstract: Methods of reducing or abolishing neuropathic pain in humans and animals are discussed. In some examples administration of the apoptosis inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), greatly reduced both neuronal loss and the increase in glia, and partially reversed spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Among RVM neurons, serotonergic (5-HT) neurons decreased by 35% ipsilateral to SNL. In some examples, the density of 5-HT immunoreactive varicosities in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord was lower ipsilateral to SNL. The RVM 5-HT neurons that remained after SNL appeared to facilitate nociception. When rats that had undergone SNL were treated with the 5-HT neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), mechanical withdrawal thresholds increased significantly. In some examples nerve injury induces death of antinociceptive RVM neurons which can be reduced or abolished by TUDCA.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides phenolic compounds useful in the treatment of neurological conditions such as convulsions and tremors, having the structure of Formula (I): wherein R2, R4, & R5, are as defined in the detailed description; pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one of the compounds; and methods for treating neurological conditions.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression are described. More specifically, the invention demonstrates that intranasal administration of ketamine is effective to ameliorate the symptoms of depression in a patient who has not responded to an adequate trial of one antidepressant in the current episode and has recurrent or chronic depressive symptoms (>2 years).

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for treating skin inflammatory diseases such as dermatitis, psoriasis, and acne, and rosacea, by administering 3-methanesulfonylpropionitrile or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof to a subject in need thereof. The method alleviates the symptoms of the disease treated. The active compound can be administered by a systemic route or topical route. Topical administration is a preferred route of administration.

Abstract: Behavioral pharmacological data with the compound of formula (I), a novel and selective 5HT2A/2C receptor inverse agonist, demonstrate in vivo efficacy in models of psychosis and dyskinesias. This includes activity in reversing MK-801 induced locomotor behaviors, suggesting that this compound may be an efficacious anti-psychotic, and activity in an MPTP primate model of dyskinesias, suggesting efficacy as an anti-dyskinesia agent. These data support the hypothesis that 5HT2A/2C receptor inverse agonism may confer antipsychotic and anti-dyskinetic efficacy in humans, and indicate a use of the compound of formula (I) and related agents as novel therapeutics for Parkinson's Disease, related human neurodegenerative diseases, and psychosis.

Abstract: Methods for treating or preventing an inflammatory response comprising administering a diastereomer or diastereomeric mixture of methionine sulfoximine (MSO). The MSO may be L-methionine S-sulfoximine (LSMSO), L-methionine R-sulfoximine (LRMSO), or diastereomeric mixture of LSMSO and LRMSO. Methods include those for treating liver failure associated with an inflammatory response.

Abstract: The presently described technology provides compositions comprising aryl carboxylic acids chemically conjugated to hydrocodone (morphinan-6-one, 4,5-alpha-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl) to form novel prodrugs/compositions of hydrocodone, including benzoates and heteroaryl carboxylic acids, which have a decreased potential for abuse of hydrocodone. The present technology also provides methods of treating patients, pharmaceutical kits and methods of synthesizing conjugates of the present technology.

Abstract: This invention provides methods and compositions for treating or preventing migraine headache and/or symptoms thereof in a subject. The method comprises administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of noribogaine, noribogaine derivative, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds that bind to the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), pharmaceutical compositions comprising those compounds, and methods of treatment using said compounds and pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of upregulating regulatory T cells, and treating diseases that would benefit from such upregulation, by administering an alpha-2 receptor agonist.