Abstract: A method of preparation of a cobalt catalyst particularly adapted for hydrogenation of nitriles, the catalyst which is the product of the method, and the method of use thereof.

Abstract: 3-Hydroxy-2-cyclobuten-1-one salts of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an ammonium group of the general formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different in meaning and each is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group or R is an alkali metal atom. The salts according for formula I are obtained by the reaction of pure 3-acetoxy-2-cyclobuten-1-one, or 1,3-cyclobutanedione or a distillation residue of the diketene production containing 3-acetoxy-2-cyclobuten-1-one, with a base. The base can be an amine of the general formula: ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 have the above-mentioned meaning, or an alkali metal alcoholate or an alkali metal hydroxide. The salts according to formula I are suitable for the production of squaric acid, by their being halogenated in a first step and then being hydrolyzed to squaric acid in a second step.

Abstract: 3-Hydroxy-2-cyclobuten-1-one salts of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an ammonium group of the general formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different in meaning and each is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group or R is an alkali metal atom. The salts according for formula I are obtained by the reaction of pure 3-acetoxy-2-cyclobuten-1-one, or 1,3-cyclobutanedione or a distillation residue of the diketene production containing 3-acetoxy-2-cyclobuten-1-one, with a base. The base can be an amine of the general formula: ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 have the above-mentioned meaning, or an alkali metal alcoholate or an alkali metal hydroxide. The salts according to formula I are suitable for the production of squaric acid, by their being halogenated in a first step and then being hydrolyzed to squaric acid in a second step.

Abstract: A process for producing a bis-(indolyl)ethylene of the formula ##STR1## is described, wherein A, B, a, b, R, Z, R.sup.5', R.sup.6 and R.sup.6' are as defined in the specification, said method comprising reacting an indole of the formula ##STR2## with an acylindole of the formula in the presence of a Vilsmeier reagent selected from the group consisting of phosphoryl chloride, phosgene, oxalyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, thionyl chloride, alkanesulfonyl chloride, arene-sulfonyl chloride, alkylchoroformate, and arylchloroformate, together with a Lewis Acid selected from the group consisting of zinc chloride, boron trifluoride and aluminum chloride.

Abstract: Dihydrocaffeic acid derivatives are here disclosed which are applicable as medicines having excellent absorbency in the case of oral administration and good concentration retention in blood.The disclosed compounds have the function to induce the production and secretion of a nerve growth factor (NGF) in the brain tissue, and therefore they are effective as medicines for the progression inhibition and therapy of regressive disorders of the central nervous system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel method for alkoxylation alcohols by reacting the alcohols with epoxides over a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a fluoride of an element of Group I of the Periodic Table on an oxide of Group IIA or Group IIIA of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently are lower-alkyl; or together are alkylene with 3-5 C-atoms in a straight chain; one of the residues R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is hydrogen and the other is hydrogen or lower-alkyl; R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are hydrogen or lower-alkyl; R.sup.5 and R.sup.8 are hydrogen, lower-alkyl, lower-alkoxy or halogen; X signifies --O--, --S--, --SO--, --SO.sub.2 -- or --NR.sup.9 ; R.sup.9 is hydrogen, lower-alkyl or acyl; Y is --S(O).sub.m R.sup.10 or --NHet and, where X is --NR.sup.9 --, --S--, --SO-- or --SO.sub.2 --, also --N(R.sup.11).sub.2 or --OR.sup.12 ; R.sup.10 is lower-alkyl; R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are hydrogen, lower-alkyl or acyl; --NHet is a 5-8 membered, saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic heterocycle attached via a N-atom; n is 2, 3 or 4 and m is 0, 1 or 2, are described. The compounds of formula I are useful as agents for the treatment of disorders such as neoplasms, dermatoses or ageing of the skin.

Abstract: The new aromatic ethers of the formulae ##STR1## can be used for the preparation of plastics which, in turn, can be processed further to give moulded articles, films, foils and filaments. The plastics prepared from the new aromatic ethers are distinguished by exceptional dimensional stability under heat.

Abstract: Macromolecular species such as enzymes, proteins, drugs, and solid supports which contain reactive carbonyl groups or groups which are readily converted to reactive carbonyl groups are modified by reaction with a compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, phenyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl)-substituted phenyl, or phenyl-substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl; R.sup.2 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy)-substituted C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene; R.sup.3 is ##STR2## R.sup.4 is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; n is at least 5; and m is zero or 1.

Abstract: A process for producing neopentyldiamine is provided. This process entails contacting a feedstream containing neopentanolamine with ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of a support nickel catalyst under amination conditions.

Abstract: The tendency of herbicidal pyridinedicarbothioates to crystallize and thus to partially lose herbicidal activity when formulated into granules is reduced by including in the granules a small, effective amount of a diester of an alkylene dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A new human/human fused cell clone derived from human B cells having the ability to produce immunoglobulins and human B cells substantially lacking the ability to produce immunoglobulins, antigen-specific human immunoglobulins produced by the human/human fused cell clone, and a method of producing the human immunoglobulins. More specifically, a human/human hybridoma having the ability to produce antigen-specific human immunoglobulins, which is a human/human fused cell strain derived from human B cells of a human patient with liver cancer and a subclone of a human lymphoblast cell strain; and antigen-specific human immunoglobulins produced by the human/human fused cell strain.

Abstract: A novel 2-imino derivative of an antifungal product KA-7367A represented by formula, ##STR1## which has high antifungal activity and excellent stability and is useful as an antifungal agent for warm-blooded animals including humans and for agricultural and horticultural usages.

Abstract: 2,6-Difluoroaniline is prepared from 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene by partial fluorine exchange to a mixture of 2,6-difluorochlorobenzene and 2,3-difluorochlorobenzene, amination of the chloro substituents, and separation of the desired product from the isomeric 2,3-difluoroaniline. By incorporating a selective reduction into the process immediately after the partial fluorine exchange, the undesirable 2,3-difluorochlorobenzene is converted into valuable ortho-difluorobenzene and the 2,3-difluoroaniline isomer is avoided.

Abstract: 3-Hydroxy-2-cyclobuten-1-one salts of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an ammonium group of the general formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different in meaning and each is a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group or R is an alkali metal atom. The salts according for formula I are obtained by the reaction of pure 3-acetoxy-2-cyclobuten-1-one, or 1,3-cyclobutanedione or a distillation residue of the diketene production containing 3-acetoxy-2-cyclobuten-1-one, with a base. The base can be an amine of the general formula: ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 , and R.sub.3 have the above-mentioned meaning, or an alkali metal alcoholate or an alkali metal hydroxide. The salts according to formula I are suitable for the production of squaric acid, by their being halogenated in a first step and then being hydrolyzed to squaric acid in a second step.

Abstract: Bis-(indolyl)ethylenes of the following general formula are prepared: ##STR1## wherein a is 1 or 2, wherein b is 1 or 2,wherein each A is independently selected from a dialkylamino, dialkoxyalkylamino, diaroxyalkylamino, diarylamino, alkylarylamino, dicyloalkylamino, alkylcycloalkylamino, arylcycloalkylamino, pyrrolidino, piperidino, or morpholino radical,wherein each B is independently selected from A or an alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl or aroxy radical,wherein each R is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, or alkoxy,wherein each of R.sup.5, R.sup.5', R.sup.6, and R.sup.6' are each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.8), alkoxyalkyl, aroxyalkyl, halogen, phenyl, or phenyl substituted by alkyl or alkoxy,the alkyl moieties referred to herein being of one to eight carbons, the cycloalkyl moieties referred to herein being of three to six carbons.

Abstract: At least one of ammonia and ethylenediamine is reacted with monoethanolamine in the presence of a catalyst containing phosphoric acid or its condensate in order to prepare acyclic ethyleneamines, and the catalyst can be improved in performance and the life of the catalyst can be prolonged by feeding a phosphorus-containing material to a reaction system during the reaction. In addition, the catalyst having a deteriorated performance can be reactivated by adding the phosphorus-containing material to the catalyst.

Abstract: Macromolecular species such as enzymes, proteins, drugs, and solid supports which contain reactive carbonyl groups or groups which are readily converted to reactive carbonyl groups are modified by reaction with a compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, phenyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl)-substituted phenyl, or phenyl-substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl; R.sup.2 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy)-substituted C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene; R.sup.3 is ##STR2## R.sup.4 is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; n is at least 5; and m is zero or 1.

Abstract: This invention relates to 2-substituted-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines, to the process for their preparation, to pharmaceutical compositions containing said 2-substituted-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines and to the use of said 2-substituted-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines for modifying the balance between bone production and bone resorption in a host animal, including man.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R is a radical of the formula --OR.sub.5 or --NHR.sub.5, A is a radical of the formula II or III ##STR2## in which B is a radical of the formula ##STR3## in which n is the number 1 or 2, R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 independently of one another are --H or Cl, R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 independently of one another are --H, halogen, --NO.sub.2, --CN, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, --CF.sub.3, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkoxycarbonyl, or --CONH-phenyl, --NHCO-phenyl or phenyloxy which is unsubstituted or substituted on the phenyl nucleus by one or two chlorine atoms or one or two methyl, methoxy or ethoxy groups, R.sub.5 is alkyl having at least 10 C atoms, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 independently of one another are --H, halogen, --NO.sub.2, --CN, --CF.sub.3, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, R.sub.8 is --H, --Cl, --Br, --CH.sub.3 or --OCH.sub.3 and X is --H, --Br, --OCH.sub.3, --CN or --NO.sub.2, are particularly suitable as pigments for coloring polyolefins.