Abstract: An electronic circuit module and a compatible module holder are provided which are particularly suitable for magnetic bubble memory applications. The holder has power-down warning and write-protect circuits utilizing light emitting diodes (LEDs) and photo-transistors to detect motion prior to removal of the module, and to detect the presence of a reflective sticker to write enable, respectively. Moreover, the module has separate ground buses for each power supply voltage to prevent circuit damage due to relative polarity reversal in case of ground non-connection upon insertion or removal of the module from the holder.

Abstract: A non-imaging detector for directly measuring the angle of incidence of irradiation in one plane from an illuminating source. The detector includes a slit mask that transmits narrow lines of irradiation across an array of detectors closely underlying the slit mask. The detectors are configured to generate photocurrents whose ratio exponentially increase as the irradiation lines through the slits move along the array in response to changes in angle of incidence. The detectors are configured according to an exponential formula so that adjacent rows of detectors produce photocurrents so that the photocurrent log difference from adjacent rows will result in a signal directly proportional to incidence angle when subtracted by associated circuitry.

Abstract: Laser beam monitoring systems include laser-transparent plates set at an angle to the laser beam passing therethrough and light sensor for detecting light reflected from an object on which the laser beam impinges.

Abstract: A method for positioning an object with patterns being formed thereon, employs a first device for extracting first information relative to patterns in a first region on the object, a second device for extracting second information relative to patterns from a second region including the first region on the object, an operating circuit to calculate a degree of coincidence between the first information and the second information, and a detecting circuit for detecting a position of the first region in the second region, whereby the position of the object can be reproduced with high reproducibility in accordance with the position as detected.

Abstract: A fiber-optical measuring apparatus for measuring magnetic fields, current, position, and various mechanical quantities consists of a transducer connected to a measuring electronic unit via at least one optical fiber, and the transducer comprises a magneto-optical modulator with a domain-producing magnetic material. The transducer is provided with at least two optical filters, of which at least one filter is positioned in the ray path on one side of the magneto-optical modulator and at least one other filter is positioned in the ray path on the opposite side of the modulator.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for detecting the presence of shiny tape on a printed note, for example a banknote. An optical fibre fishtail array supplies visible light from a source (A) to a lengthwise strip of the banknote. A first array of photodetectors (D) detects light specularly reflected from a plurality of adjacent regions of the said strip, while a second array (B) arranged parallel to the first array (D) detects light reflected diffusely from corresponding ones of the said regions. An analyzing circuit receives signals from the photodetectors and indicates when the ratio of specularly reflected light from an illuminated element of the banknote to diffusely reflected light from the same element exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: Level detection apparatus for determining the depth of a variable surface with respect to the apparatus is disclosed. The device includes a scanning source which causes an intense, collimated beam of light to move across the surface to be detected. First and second spaced detectors sensitive to light reflected from the surface are located at opposite sides of the scanning source and lie in the plane of the scanned beam so that the source directs light from the reflecting surface onto first one and then the other of the detectors. A circuit responsive to the receipt of the reflected beams by the first and second detectors produces first and second signals which will be spaced in time in accordance with the depth of the surface to be measured.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for detecting a relative positional relation between the coordinate systems of a semiconductor device such as an IC memory and a laser system for cutting a desired wiring pattern. The detecting method according to this invention comprises the steps of scanning a cross-shaped diffusion layer formed on a silicon wafer with a laser beam in a square shape, detecting a change in a current generated when the laser beam crosses the diffusion layer, defining two points at which the current abruptly increases in the X- and Y-axes of the coordinate system of the wafer, respectively, and calculating a reference point (origin) of the coordinate system of the silicon wafer by calculating an intersection of virtual diagonals of a virtual square the four corners of which correspond to the four points in the X- and Y-axes.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing a time standard including a source of radiation, two fibers of different length to transmit the radiation, and means to produce a signal representative of the difference in propagation time through the fibers that is constant despite temperature changes.

Abstract: An optical thin line-tracking sensor comprises a small member mounting ends of a light source fiber and a pair of receiving fibers which receive reflected light. Reflected light transmitted through the receiving fibers operate photosensors whose outputs are differentially combined to provide a tracking error signal. Augmenting circuits enable operation over a wide range. Means to sense other indicia carried on a web or sheet are disclosed. A line-tracking head which includes a laser-light cutter is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of determining the degree of wear of bank-notes 1, in which testing is carried out along edge 2 with a photodiode row 30 arranged perpendicular to the direction of transport. Depending on the skew of the note, whichever photodiode of the row completely covering the edge of the note is used for testing. The selection of a diode and the testing are independent of each other and are carried out along predetermined sections of the bank-note edge, controlled by a pulse coupled with the movement of the note. The photodiode ascertained during a selection section 4 is maintained during the entire following test section 3, so that testing is not affected by disturbing changes of the measuring diode. Selection sections 4 can be selected so as to be so short that the test sections 3 succeed each other practically continuously.

Abstract: A device for detecting undesired, light-producing events in a protected installation, for example arcing of electrical apparatus or the outbreak of fire in a building, comprises a detector for receiving light produced directly or indirectly by the undesired event and directing at least part thereof into the field of view of fiber optic means which transmits at least part of the received light to a monitoring unit. The detector is in the form of material applied to an end of the fiber optic means situated at the protected installation, the detector material being in the form of at least one light-transmitting body with a large number of light-refracting surfaces within the same which refract received light and conduct at least part of the refracted light into the field of view of the fiber optic means.

Abstract: The present invention provides a retrieving apparatus for retrieving desired information contained in a film making use of retrieval marks recorded on the film. The retrieving apparatus is useful for many different types of films having retrieval marks recorded in different marking modes. The retrieving apparatus comprises mark detector exchangeable according to the marking mode, a device for generating a coded signal corresponding to the exchange of mark detector and a display for making a display of the type of film usable in the apparatus in the present state of exchange of mark detector in response to the coded signal.

Abstract: Apparatus for correcting the mismatch which occurs in condition responsive detector pairs in a detector array so that the outputs of the detectors in the pairs are substantially the same when they are subjected to substantially the same condition.