Abstract: A tempered glass has a surface and a thickness, wherein a stress profile of the tempered glass includes a first peak at the surface, at which the compressive stress becomes a maximum, a first bottom at which the stress, which gradually reduces from the first peak in the depth direction, becomes a local minimum, a second peak at which the compressive stress, which gradually increases from the first bottom in the depth direction, becomes a local minimum, and a second bottom at which the tensile stress, which gradually reduces from the second peak in the depth direction, becomes a minimum. The compressive stress at the first peak is 500 MPa or more, the compressive stress at the second peak P2 is from 15 MPa to 250 MPa, and the depth of layer of the second peak is from 4% to 20% of the thickness.

Abstract: A quartz glass crucible 1 having a cylindrical side wall portion 10a, a bottom portion 10b, and a corner portion 10c connecting the side wall portion 10a and the bottom portion 10b to each other includes a transparent layer 11 made of quartz glass, and a bubble layer 12 made of quartz glass and formed outside the transparent layer 11. A ratio of an infrared transmittance of the corner portion 10c at a maximum thickness position of the corner portion 10c to an infrared transmittance of the side wall portion 10a is 0.3 or more and 0.99 or less, and an absolute value of a rate of change in infrared transmittance in a height direction along a wall surface of the crucible from a center of the bottom portion 10b toward an upper end of the side wall portion 10a is 3%/cm or less.

Abstract: Embodiments include an optical fiber cable comprising a length extending between a first end and a second end, a central cooling tube, a plurality of optical fibers disposed radially around the cooling tube, each optical fiber comprising a fiber core and a cladding disposed around the fiber core, an outer protective cover, and an inner thermal filler disposed between the outer protective cover and the central cooling tube and surrounding each of the optical fibers, wherein each of the central cooling tube, the outer protective cover, the inner thermal filler, and the plurality of optical fibers extend the length of the cable. Various systems and methods for removing imperfections from individual optical fibers and for distributing power across long distances using the optical fiber cable are also provided.

Abstract: A laminate sheet article including: a core including an electrical semi-conductor or an electrical conductor; and a continuous glass clad layer on at least four of six sides the core of the sheet article. Also disclosed is an apparatus for making a sheet laminate article as defined herein. Also disclosed is a method of making and using the article.

Abstract: A glass manufacturing apparatus can include an elongated engagement surface rotatable through a rotation angle between a scoring position and a cleaning position. The glass manufacturing apparatus can further include a scoring device to score the glass substrate when the elongated engagement surface is positioned in the scoring position. The glass manufacturing apparatus can further include a cleaning device to clean the elongated engagement surface when the elongated engagement surface is positioned in the cleaning position. In further embodiments, a method of scoring a glass substrate can include, after producing a score line while the elongated engagement surface is positioned in the scoring position, rotating the elongated engagement surface from the scoring position to a cleaning position. The method can further include cleaning the elongated engagement surface while the elongated engagement surface is positioned in the cleaning position.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a silica glass crucible includes a rotating means for rotating a mold and a supply means for feeding a silica powder inside the mold, wherein the supply means has a feeding part for delivering the silica powder in a manner releasing it to fall to a position away from the inner wall surface of the mold inside the mold, and a dispersing part for changing, to one toward the inner wall surface side, at a fall position, the direction in which the silica powder fed from the feeding part moves, while also widening an angle at which the silica powder disperses toward the inner wall surface at the fall position. The apparatus is intended to allow a silica powder layer to be stably formed in the mold in a short period of time.

Abstract: A glass blank is cut out from a glass plate by forming a crack starting portion inside the glass plate by moving a first laser beam relative to the glass plate such that a focal position of the laser beam is located in an inner portion of the glass plate in its thickness direction and the focal position forms a circle when viewed from a surface of the glass plate, then causing cracks to develop from the crack starting portion toward main surfaces of the glass plate, and splitting the glass plate to separate, from the glass plate, a glass blank that includes a separation surface having an arithmetic average surface roughness Ra smaller than 0.01 ?m and a roundness not larger than 15 ?m. Thereafter, main surfaces of the glass blank are ground or polished.

Abstract: Apparatuses for making a laminated glass ribbon may include an upper forming body including an outer forming surface bounded by a pair of upper dams, and a lower forming body disposed downstream of the upper forming body and including an outer forming surface spaced from the outer forming surface of the upper forming body by an interior gap. An edge guide may be disposed along an interior upper dam wall and spaced apart in the interior gap from the lower forming body. Surfaces exterior to the outer forming surfaces of the upper and lower forming bodies may abut and be joined. A formed glass ribbon having a core glass layer and a pair of clad glass layers may include inner and outer portions that have substantially equal thickness ratios based on a glass core layer thickness compared to a combined glass cladding layer thickness in each portion.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a large-outer-diameter quartz crucible for a Czochralski (CZ) single crystal is provided. The manufacturing method is a vacuum arc method, and specifically includes: releasing a high-temperature arc with an electrode bundle composed of 2N+1 electrodes to fuse a crucible blank, and performing rapid cooling to form an initial quartz crucible product, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2; the 2N+1 electrodes include one central main electrode and 2N auxiliary electrodes; the 2N auxiliary electrodes are equidistantly distributed on a circumference with the central main electrode as a center; the central main electrode is aligned at an axis of the crucible mold; the 2N auxiliary electrodes are connected to two phases of an industrial three-phase power, and the two phases are alternately arranged on the auxiliary electrodes; the central main electrode is connected to a remaining phase of the industrial three-phase power.

Abstract: A method for processing a transparent workpiece includes applying a fluid film having a first refractive index to a impingement surface of the transparent workpiece that has a second refractive index. Further, a difference between the first refractive index and the second refractive index is about 0.8 or less and the impingement surface comprises a surface roughness Ra of about 0.1 ?m or greater. The method also includes forming a defect in the transparent workpiece by directing a laser beam oriented along a beam pathway and output by a beam source, through the fluid film, through the impingement surface, and into the transparent workpiece such that a portion of the laser beam directed into the transparent workpiece generates an induced absorption within the transparent workpiece, the induced absorption producing the defect within the transparent workpiece.

Abstract: Methods for making a glass article are described that include flowing molten glass through a metallic vessel, and supplying alternating electrical currents to multiple electrical circuits, each electrical circuit including a power supply, a pair of adjacent electrical flanges connected to the power supply, and a portion of the metallic vessel extending between and in electrical communication with the pair of adjacent flanges. At least two adjacent electrical circuits of the multiple electrical circuits share an electrical flange that is a common electrical path for the two adjacent electrical circuits, the two adjacent electrical circuits being supplied with alternating electrical currents, wherein at least one of the electrical currents is cut by a phase-fired controller.

Abstract: A method of producing glass using submerged combustion melting includes supplying a combustible gas mixture to one or more submerged burners of a submerged combustion melter, combusting the combustible gas mixture supplied to the submerged burner(s) to produce combustion products, and discharging the combustion products from the submerged burner(s) directly into a glass melt contained within the submerged combustion melter to agitate and heat the glass melt. The glass melt is comprised of soda-lime-silica glass and has a redox ratio. Additionally, the disclosed method involves controlling one or more operating conditions of the submerged combustion melter selected from (1) an oxygen-to-fuel ratio of the combustible gas mixture supplied to each of the submerged burners, (2) a residence time of the glass melt, and (3) a gas flux through the glass melt.

Abstract: A method of strengthening glass articles includes introducing potassium ions to a surface region of the glass by an initial ion-exchange process, thermally treating the glass at a thermal treatment temperature and time sufficient to diffuse the potassium ions further into the glass to a depth of layer, and introducing a compressive stress of greater than 400 MPa at the surface through a final ion-exchange process. The final ion-exchange process may be conducted at a final ion-exchange temperature of no more than 450° C. The method of strengthening produces a glass article having a compressive stress of at least 400 MPa at the surface, a depth of compression of at least 30 ?m, and a central tension less than a threshold central tension above which flaws penetrating into the central region of the glass exhibit spontaneous self-propagation of the flaw front through and across the glass.

Abstract: A method for separating a portion from a sheet glass element having a thickness of at least 2 millimeters along an intended separation line that divides the sheet glass element into the portion and a remaining main part is provided. The method includes producing filamentary damages comprising sub-micrometer hollow channels in a volume of the glass sheet element adjacently aligned along the separation line; and heating and/or cooling the glass sheet element to cause expansion and/or contraction so that the portion detaches from the main part along the separation line. The portion and the remaining main part each remain intact as a whole. The step of producing the filamentary damages includes generating a plasma within the volume with laser pulses of an ultrashort pulse laser; and displacing points of incidence of the laser pulses over a surface of the glass sheet element along the separation line.

Abstract: Provided is a window molding apparatus including an inner molding part including a core molding part, which includes a plurality of sub-bottom surfaces having different curvature radii, and a flat molding part spaced apart from the sub-bottom surfaces and disposed on the core molding part, and an outer molding part which is disposed below the inner molding part with a member to be processed therebetween and in which a groove corresponding to the core molding part is defined. The outer molding part includes a lower surface, an upper surface configured to face the lower surface, and a plurality of sub-groove surfaces having different curvature radii that define the groove to provide a window including sub-bent portions having different curvature radii.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a flexible cover window is proposed. The flexible cover window includes a planar part and a folded part extending continuously from the planar part, wherein the folded part is thinner than the planar part. The method includes: forming a photoresist layer on a glass substrate, patterning the photoresist layer to form a gradation resist pattern layer for forming the folded part on the glass substrate, forming the folded part having an inclined portion formed between the folded part and the planar part using the gradation resist pattern layer as a mask, removing the gradation resist pattern layer, and reinforcing the glass substrate.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing and/or reinforcing a carbon-containing glass material are disclosed. The method includes supplying a non-thermal equilibrium plasma including a plurality of positive charged gas particles and a plurality of ionized inert gas particles into a reaction chamber, and accelerating at least the plurality of positive charged gas particles through the reaction chamber based on application of an external electric potential to the non-thermal equilibrium plasma. The method includes bombarding a surface-to-air interface of the glass material with the accelerated positive charged gas particles and the ionized inert gas particles, and forming an interphase region in the glass material in response to the bombardment. The method includes forming a compressive stress layer in the glass material in response to the bombardment by at least the ionized inert gas particles.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a substrate loading cassette. The substrate loading cassette includes a first frame, a second frame, a first supporter coupled with the first frame, and a second supporter movably coupled with the first frame and disposed under the first supporter. The first supporter includes a first support bar and a plurality of first branch portions, and the second supporter includes a second support bar and a plurality of second branch portions. The second branch portions move in a second direction to adjust the spacing between the first and second supporters.

Abstract: A deposition system for depositing a chemical vapor onto a workpiece is disclosed, including a deposition chamber having a plurality of components for performing chemical vapor deposition on the workpiece. The workpiece is held by a lathe that rotates the workpiece relative to chemical burners that deposit silica soot on the workpiece. The deposition system has a gas panel for regulating the flow of gases and vapors into the deposition chamber, and a computer for controlling operation of the gas panel and the components in the deposition chamber. Multiple sets of chemical burners are disposed longitudinally along the length of the workpiece. Each set of burners is separated from other sets, such that each set of burners deposit silica particles onto generally different portions of a workpiece. The respective portions include an overlap segment in which one or more burners from one burner set will deposit silica particles on the same portion of the workpiece as one or more burners from another set.

Abstract: A method for forming a glass sheet includes forming a glass ribbon. A robot arm is operated to move an end effector through a preprogrammed cycle. The cycle includes engaging a segment of the glass ribbon with the end effector, separating the engaged segment from the glass ribbon to generate a glass sheet, and moving the glass sheet away from the glass ribbon. The preprogrammed cycle designates predetermined positions of the end effector at predetermined points in time. While the robot arm is operating through the preprogrammed cycle, a parameter indicative of a force being exerted on the glass ribbon by the end effector is sensed. A position of the end effector is altered to differ from the predetermined position at the corresponding point in time when the sensed parameter deviates from a target value. An excessive force applied to the glass ribbon can be reduced in real-time.